🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook Phương Pháp Giáo Dục Montessori – Thời Kỳ Nhạy Cảm Của Trẻ Ebooks Nhóm Zalo • Chu b ien: Ly Lt giai doc;tn nao d6 se VO dmg chu y t6i nhii'.ng d?c trung cua st;i v�t trong m9t moi truO'ng nao do, dong thO'i khong ngung l?p lc;ti qua trinh tht;tc tien. Sau khi thu�n lc;ii vlic;it qua thO'i kl nhc;ty cam, tri tu� cua tre se dtic;ic nang len m9t tam cao m&i. ThO'i ki nhc;ty cam khong chi la giai do<:in quan tn;mg cho vi�c h9c t�p cua tre ma con anh huong den st;i .phat trien tam hon va tinh each cua chung. Do v�y, cac b�c ph1,1 huynh nen ton tr<;>ng nhii'.ng hanh d(>ng ma tt;i nhien da ban t?ng cho tre, dong thO'i dua ra nhii'.ng dtnh hu6ng can thiet, giup tre khong bo la CCi hQi duy nhat nay. . ·•••••••Ooooooooo••••••••:••<••••••••••••U•••••••••••••••••••o.•••••••••••••••"••••••••••••••••••0000000,,.,.,,•oooooooo•o••••••• 0 a •• ••• ... f Stj nh�y can1 tran tr e sue song ................................................................................. 2 * Thac mac .................. ...... ........... .................. ... .............. .. . ........ .... ............. .... ...... .. ........ . 2 Hanh vi trong thi1i ki nh�y cam day than ki ........................................................... 3 * ThO'i kl d�c thu cua sau bu&m ........ .... .......... ..... .. .. .. .. .. ...... ···························· · · · .......... 3 * Hi�n tuc;tng d�c bi�t cua vit xam ........... .. ............ ......... .... ............... ..... .. ... .. ....... ........ 3 * Nghien cuu va phat hi�n cua khoa h9c ve nao b(> ...... .... ...... .. ....... .............. .. ... .. ... .4 A.nhh u'.ong > c u> a th01 ''ki nh �y cam > d"01 "vo1 '° cu9c A d'" 01................................................. s * Hi�n tu'c;tng "co be ngu'O'i s6i" ........ .... ...... ............. ... ....... ...... ..... ........ .............. .... ..... .. 5 * Ca ch bi�t v&i the gi&i sau khi tru&ng thanh .............. ... ...... .. ... ... ............. ...... .. . ........ s * Nhung dua tre m&i sinh khong nh?n duc;tc slj kich thich tu the gi&i ben ngoai 6 D�c d iem cua thi1i ki nh�y cam ...................................... . CHUONG2 Lien �c l�p l�i va mo phong, bat dau thi1i ki nh�y cam ve ngon ngu ................... 12 * T?i sao be l?i thich l�p di l�p l?i m(>t tu? ... .. .......... ......... ... .. .. ..... .... ................ ......... 12 * T?i sao be c6 the biit chu&c rat giong nguO'i l&n? . ...... ........ ..... .... .. ....................... . 14 Dung nhung tu ngii'. co hi�u qua m �h la be dang k iem chung s ue mlplh cua ngon ngii'. ................................................................................................................ 15 * Ta danh mi nay, danh cho chet! .................... ........ .. ............ ...................................... 15 * T?i sao be l?i chui b?y? ............ .. .. ....... ... ........ ............ ... ......... .. ............. ....... ..... .. ........ 16 * Can binh tinh XU tri v&i nhung be dang trong giai do?n nh?y cam v&i nhung cau chui b?y ························································································· ······· 17 Giai do� ngon ngii'. cai toi: Qua trinh qua d9 tu ngon ngii'. ben ngoai chu yen thanh ngon ngii'. hen trong ..................................................................................... 18 * T?i sao be l?i thich lam barn m(>t minh? .. ..... .. .......... .............. .... .......... .............. .. .. 18 * T?i sao be thuO'ng ngay n6i rat nhieu, nay bong iu xiu? .............. .................... ...... 19 * Cha m� la thay giao ngon ngu cua be ... .......... .. .... ... .. .. .. .. ........... .. ...... .... .......... ..... . 20 Noi lap - Giam dan theo s'lj truClng thanh ve ngon ngu ........... ............. ................ 22 * T?i sao be d(>t nhien bi n6i lap? ......... ......... ... .................... .. ............. .... .. .. ........ ........ 22 * Ap ll;ic se khien cho be n6i lap ............. ..... .... ......... .... ..... .......... .. .. .......... .. .... ... .. .. ... . 23 ... ································ .. ·············································••oO••··· .. ·····"''"'•'"'······························· .. ··········· .. ··············"'''"'"•"""'"'"•··· .. ···· .. ··· ... Be da bat t thang da "biet lc;i"? ............................................. ...... ......... .. 54 * Day Ia goi cua m�, b6 khong dtiQ'C goi dau dau! ······································ ... ··········· 56 * C6 kh6 chtu den may ding phai xep giay dep ngay ngan . .. ..... .............. .............. 57 * Con khong thich 6ng dua di, con thich m� dua di w! ......................................... 58 * M?c ao tru6'c roi m6'i di tat, m?c quan, cuoi dmg la chai dau ................. ............ 59 * Tq.i sao be lq.i duoi theo nguoi khac de doi do? ........... ... .. ........... ........................... 60 Cam giac tr't ttj nqi t�: Khien tre cam thay an toan va vui ve hon ..................... 61 * Tq.i sao be lq.i cam thay vui ve v6'i m(>t vi�c gi d6? .................. .... ... ................ ... ..... 61 * Tq.i sao be d(>t nhien cam thay khong thich nghi? ................................................. 62 * Tq.i sao be lq.i bi "b�nh lc;l' trong khi di du ltch? ...................................................... 63 * Tq.i sao be tr& nen bu6'ng binh? ................................................................................ 64 Lam sao de cu xii hoa binh vai be dang trong giai docµi nh�y cam ve tr't tlj ...... 65 * Giai do?n so sinh: Giai doq.n tich lily cha cam giac tr�t t\i .................................. 65 Trang thai gian a cu nen xay dlfn g mqt moi truan g c6 trq.t tlj ....... ........... ........... 66 Massage khien be cam thay an toan hdn .......... .................................... , ................ 67 Ch di xon g do chdi phdi cat ve' dung chO ................................................. ... ............. 68 * Giai doq.n tho au: Thai kl bung phat nhu cau thoa man cam giac tr�t tl,i cua be .. 69 Nguyen tac boi duan g cam giac trq.t tlj cho tre ···················· .... ············· ...... 70 .I: ,'. Nho be giup m<: thu d9 n nha cua ....... ..... .. ............................ • . Bao be tam cho bup be .............................................................. . · . . •...,.,.,uo,•,.••._oo.:io..••.n,.••u"• • .. ••• • •" •"'• • •••o..• • ••-'•• • •••• .. •H•• ••••«•"''°''"" .. ''"''''''''''''h• •• •••••••••• ••••• ••,. •••.,•••U••••• •...i.ooo O"'h • •• ••uooH.On"•• •••'-·U•o •o.Oo• •"" CHUONG !/ ... ························ ································································· ·············································································································· Thoi ki phat trien thj giac quan tr<_>ng la khi be duai mqt tuoi ........................... 76 * Be c6 ti em nang thi giac v6 cling mq.nh me .................. .............................. ...... .... 78 * Trang giai doq.n nhq.y cam, phat trien thi giac cua tre, tuy�t doi khong dliQ'C gay can tr6 .............. ................... .......................... .. ................. 79 Slf phat trien thtfo kinh th f giac thai ki dtl'u thai ki . .......... . . . ..... . ........ . Q 't ' h h 't t "'' th " .,' b' kh ua rm p a nen ! giac cua e sau t " "s in h ........ ... ........ ...................... ....... . 80 * Lam the nao de thuc day si;i phat trien thi giac cho be? ···································· ... 81 Nh iJ,n biet dau hi?u baa d¢ng cha vi?c phat trien th f giac ............. . .................... 81 Cach thuc r im luy?n de ming cao th f giac ............................................................ 82 Tro chdi ren luy?n thj giac: Duoi theo, giam b6ng .............................................. 84 Thinh giac: Tai co thinh, mat mCli tinh .................................................. ; ............. 85 * Tre m6'i sinh da c6 thinh giac chua? .............................................................. ........ 85 * T A d"'" A - h h h' d- ' 1 . uy�t 01 yen tm c ua an a co <;11 c o e h b ' ......... .. . ........ .............. .................. .. . 86 * Tiem nang thinh li;tc cua be 16'n den dau? ..... .............................. .......................... 88 * Lam the nao de thuc day si;t phat trien thinh giac cua be? ······························· ··· 89 Nh l],n bi et dau hi?u baa d¢ng ve' SJ! phat trien thinh giac cua be ... ···················· 89 Phudng phap ren luy?n de na �g cao thinh giac .................................................... 90 Tro chdi ren luy?n thinh giac: Nh l],n biet nhan vl],t th6ng qua tieng n6i ............ 91 Khuu giac va vj giac: Khong the tach rdi ............................................................. 92 * T?i sao be d<)t nhien ken an? ................................................................................... 92 * T?i sao miii cua be l?i nh?y hen den the? ................................ . ............................. 93 * T?i sao doi sua b<)t cho be l?i kh6 den the? ................................................... ....... . 94 * Lam the nao de thuc day si;i phat trien cua khuu giac va vi giac cho be? .......... 95 Phudng phap nang cao khuu giac va vj giac cha be ........................................ ..... 95 Ren luy?n phat trien ' vj giac: Thu mui vj ·· ···························································· 96 Tro chdi ren luy?n khuu giac: Chiec mii.i nhq.y ben .............................................. 97 Tro ch di ren luy?n vj giac: Chao bat bdo ngon qua! ........................................... .. 97 Xue giac: Phuong phap chu yeu de nh�n thuc the giCli ........................................ 98 * T<;i.i sao be khong nh<;i.y cam v6'i dau d&n? ....................................... ....................... 99 * T?i sao cu d<)ng vao la be l?i kh6c? ...................... . .................................................. 99 * T?i sao be l?i rat thich mut ng6n tay? ................................................................... 100 * Be 16'n nhu v�y r6i, t?i sao van dua d6 v�t len mi�ng "nem"? . .......................... 101 * T?i sao be l?i thich can nguai khac? .......................................................... ........... 102 * T?i sao be thich cam nhii'ng d6 v�t mem va dinh? ............................................. 103 *Lam the nao de thuc day si;i phat trien xuc giac? ................................................ 104 Phudng phap ren luy?n xuc giac ........................................................................ 1 04 Tro chdi huan luy?n xuc giac: Bai ca con trung ..................................... . .......... 1 06 Tro ch di vl],n d1:1-ng nhie"u giac quan: Lam quen voi dau tay ............................. 1 07 . .. . CHUONG 5 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. : HUn.g thu vdi nhung s1f. v�t nho be xung quanh, cinh clta dau tien khdi gi: Mon qua d(>c dao nhat, thtjc te nhat va yeu thu'ong j : : nhat ma cha m� d anh tij.ng con cai ..................................................................... 132 * T<;lo sao khi ngu be thu'O'ng ng�m chan? ............. .............. ................. ........ .......... 133 * T<;li sao be thich lam trai y cha m�? ....................................................................... 134 *Cua con, day la cua con, khong ai du'Q'c d<;mg vao! ............................................ 135 * Mieng socola cua con, m� ding khong du'Q'C can qua nhieu ........................ .... 137 * Doi tat ca mo hinh o to d�p de thanh mot dong o to cu nat ............................. 138 * "Mot nh6m" khong the tach rO'i ................ .............................. .............................. 139 *Con tu dau den? .................................................................... .. ................................ 140 Moi quan h� phl,l thu(>c vdi cha m� anh hu'Ctng den ca CUQC doi cua be ............ 142 * Tim hieu qua trinh phat trien tinh xii h<)i cua tre, ph6i hQ'p va dan i khac nhau ml>i be se co each t�p d9c khac nhau ............................... 165 * 0-2 tuoi: Thoi kl dau giai do<;ln t?p d9c Va mam mong ngon ngf:i .................... 165 * 2-4 tuoi: Dan o o'l.O.oooOoooo�•••Oo••o.oo••"••••no0oooooooooOooOooO•ooo•'"• .. h•••Uooouooouoououo•ooooouOoo-.ooooo000oUo o•�oooo'ouooo.0000••000000000•'"0 ·········· ········································ ··· ····················································································································································� Thai ki nh�y cam ve van hoa aia tre bat dau tii hie 3 tuoi . ................................. 170 * Tinh yeu doi v6'i am nh<:ic ........................................................... ........................... 171 * Sl,i quan tam doi v6'i cac d9ng, thl,fc v?t ................................ ............................... 172 * Hung thu v6'i thien van, dia li ............................................................................... 173 * T�o ra m6i truang van h6a phong phu va phu h<;ip ........ ............................ .... . .. 174 * Choi cac tro choi c6 tinh tha'.m thau van h6a cho be ......................................... 176 Van h oa tra ............ . ........... . ............................................................................ ....... 176 Xem tuong che o, cdi l udng, ve mqt nq, . . .................................... ........................... 177 Ph1-1l1-1c: > Bang tham chieu phat trien the ll,fc, tri tu�, ngon ngu va y thuc xii h<)i cua tre o-3 tuoi ........ . ....................................................................................... . ..................... . 178 > Bang tham chieu mt.le d9 phat trien tri tu� cua be tu 0-6 tuoi . ....................... 1.79 >Sa do phat trien ngon ngu .......................... . ................. ......................................... 184 > Tien trinh phat trien tu v1;ing, chuan bi cho ngon ngu sach v6 .. . ..................... 185 , , , I I I I I I I I I I I I , ,' , , , , ... -' ---------- ... ,, ---------- ... - ... CHUONG J LYLU!N: ',, ' ' \ \ I I I I ' .... ... ., ., ., COi TRQNG THOI KI N�Y CAM CUA TRE ' ' I ' I I I I I '. Thoi kl nh(:ly cam la m9t trQ' hj c ma tlj nhien ban ti/.ng giup tre \ thu� IQ'i trong qua trinh trlidng thanh. Thay vi ep tre kh6 nhQC hQC \ hanh, chi bang cha m� cu kien nhan cho dqi thoi kl nh(:ly cam \ \ cua tre den, de tre tlj d(>ng, tlj chU, tlj phat hQC t�p dtja theo Slj \ \ hti6'ng dan cua nhu cau n(>i t<;li. Bdi tre h9c nhli the khong I I I I I I I , f f f f \ \ chi nh� nhang, vui ve ma con hi�u qua hO'n gap b9i. \ ',, Doi v6'i nhung dua tre dang trong thoi kl nh(:ly ',, cam, cha m� can thau hieu, khoan dung, yeu ' ', thuO'ng, co vu, mong dqi . .. de tre d\fa ' , ',, vao dQng h.j c nay ma hinh thanh ,'' ' I f f , I , I , I I , ' , , nen m9t ca the d(>c l�p, / , on dtnh, hai hoa va ___ ,, . I h h . . . . an m':l11 . ,,-'' ',' .. �-.. .... ,,,'' ....... ... .....,, ' ' " SI! nh�y cam tran tre sue song � Thacmac: Tre vai thang tuoi th uang th ich d ua tay veo tai, cau mij.t m f!; thq.m ch i rat th ich giqt doi khuy en tai long lanh cua m f!. Tre khodng mt each ban nang. Nhung con sau bu&m nc.':t ra tu trung dti'ng xuat hi�n hi�n tti cua tre Sd sinh va phat hi�n, cac khu VljC cua nao b(> d tre Sd sinh se Ian lu<;it ho':lt d(>ng va lien ket v&i nhau. Cac nha khoa h9c phat hi�n, nao b9 khi tiep .nMn cac thong tin tu ben ngoai thuc'ing co tfnh giai do<;ln, du<;ic gQi la "canh CUa Cd h(>i", cling chfnh la thoi kl nh<;ly �am ma chung ta dang noi Mn. "Canh cua Cd h(>i" du<;ic md ra va cling se dong l<;li. Khi thc'ii kl nh<;ly cam ·cua m(>t giai do<;ln h9c t�p nao do xuat hi�n (vi dl,l: th! giac, thfnh giac, ngon ngu, tinh cam, v�n d(>ng), slj kh&i d(>ng cua "canh cua Cd h(>i" Se khien cho vi�c h9c hoi CUa tre trd nen de dang, nh� nhang. Ngli<;1C l<;li, khi "canh cua Cd h(>i" dong l<;li, vi�c h9c hoi se tr& nen VO dmg kho khan. <..Dfnh nghia thoi ki nhq.y cam> Thai ki nhq.y cam van la mqt danh tit duqc SU d1:Lng dtfo tien khi nghien CUU Stf trliang thanh cua dqng vqt, nha giao dlfC Montessori trong qua trinh tiep xuc voi tre da phat hi�n, trong qua trinh tre trliang thanh se nay sinh mqt hi�n tuqng giong nhau, tit d6 ba dua ra nguyen Ii "thoi ki nhq.y cam", dong thoi vqn dlfng n6 vao Vi�C giao dl:LC tre nhO va da c6 dong g6p Ion trong vi�c nang cao tr£ tu� cua tre. Montessori da dfnh nghia ve' thoi ki nhq.y cam nhu the nay: "Cai gqi la thai ki nhq.y cam la chi trong qua trinh tit 0-6 tuoi, tre chfu Stf chi phoi Cua SUC song, trong mQt giai . doq.n nao d6 se chuyen tam tiep thu nhilng di(tc trung cua Stf vqt 0 trong mqt moi trliong nao d6, dong thoi lien llfC li(tp lq.i trong qua trinh thifc tiln. Sau khi vuqt qua thoi ki nhq.y cam nay, tam 1£ va tr£ tu� cua tre se phat trien Zen mqt tam cao moil". Anh hulrng cua thoi kl nh�y cam ttoi vai cuoc tti loai nguai, vi v�y tam li va tri tu� cua anh ta deu da dtic;tc dtnh hinh. Do d6, sau m{>t thai gian ngan hoi phl,lC, ngtibi binh Sl nay da trd l�i CUQC song binh thuang cua con nguai. � Nhfing dua tre mbi sinh khong nh�n duqc s\i kfch thkh tu the gidi hen ngoai Nhang nam 40 cua the ki XX, c6 m¢t nha tam U hqc da lam m¢t thi nghi�m qtc ki VO nhan dqo. Ong ta chqn ra vai dua tre sd sinh 0 trqi tre mo coi, cho chung song trong m¢t can phong toi tam, khong c6 anh nilng m�t trai, dong thai yeu ctfo nhang gudi cham s6c nhang dua tre nay chi duqc 0 chung an uong day du, kh6ng cho phep -diung tiep xuc vai bat cu thu gi, tiep nhqn bat cu kich thich hay tiep xuc nao. Ban da'u, nhang dua tre nay hoan toan giong nhu nhang dua tre sd sinh binh thui bu dap, tien de cua sl,f bu dap la tre Mt bu()c phai du'.t tu? M¢t horn, m? dang thu dqn nha cua, be Bi ng6i trong noi cham chu nghtch ng<;lm nhang do chdi phat ra am thanh, vita nghtch vita bi b6 phat ra cac kie'u am thanh. D¢t nhien, be Bi gqi: "M?· ·. m?". M? tuang la be dang gqi m inh, lie"n lc?-p tuc chqy den : "Day, m? day! Sao the con?". Be Bi chi nhin m? cuoi toe toet roi h;zi chuyen tam chdi dua. Thay con trai kh6ng cein gi ca, m? /qi tiep t¥C cong Vi�c cua minh. Nao ngo, chi may phut sau, con trai lqi gqi: "M?· ·· m? . . . ". M? lqi chqy den, be Bi van chi m di nghich do chdi, nhin m? m¢t cai roi lqi toet mi�ng cuoi ... Cu nhu vqy, be Bi lij.p di, lij.p lqi vi�c ay, khien cho m? phdi chqy qua, chqy lqi khong biet bao nhieu za·n. Nhin ve mij.t hon ha cua con trai ma m? boi roi: Thang nay, di con chua biet a biet lam m? vat vd Nj o H; Yfj a /,d, 1114 t btiH; n.a:,rig kk d4a ma, tiy � ctd, btU& ttfJtj cho �H; rigue0 � euv bi bu.r.Jv tluWrig vi, We,� dia c6 b� � ftfl.y, � chf, /dul � � thtj ftfl.y u V"6 cWrj Wn. Saa /JU, Ytv diJ0 bi �v "t:J.Mv /1111J1Jv" troftj IM.bj, trt,tii.ia, di> � cJw bi vO � � ho� tht ta, bi bat dAu, /An, ,ti /fin, w tU � ""'1 �. Ht giai do?n l�p l?i cao hon. Nhung em be 6 giai do?n nay se Mt chlit con v�t nh?i tieng ngu<'ti, nhung "chu v�t" nay chi thich nh?i di, nh?i l?i ma khong thich tra l<'ti. Be lir sfi 1 ! Be /ti so 1, • Du6'i day la m(>t do?n doi tho?i cua be hon hai tuoi v6'i bo: Bo: Con gai yeu, mau gqi bo Lam di! Con gai: Con gai yeu, mau gqi bo Lam di! Bo: Hay n6i: Con chew bo q! Con gai: Hay n6i: Con chew bo q,! Bo: Bo baa con ti! n6i cd ma! Con gai: Bo baa con ti! n6i cd ma! Bo: Haizz, con be nay hu qua! Con gai: Haizz, con be nay hu qua! Bo: Bo khfmg yeu con naa! Con gai: Bo khOng yeu con naa! Tinh huong nay da xuat hi�n trong gia dinh b?n chua? Nhung em be tu hai tuoi tr6 len bat dau bu6'c vao giai do?n bung no ve ngon ngu, be hieu rang moi cau n6i c6 the bieu d?t m(>t y nghia, ma luc nay be hoan toan c6 the bat chu6'c m(>t cau n6i, the la be Mt dau mai me v6'i tro choi bat chu6'c nay, cau n6i kh6 den may ding muon bat chli6'c tu dau den CUOi, tU do be cang trai nghi�m dti<;1C nhieu hung thu v6'i st;( thay doi cua ngon ngu. Nhung b�c cha m� khong hieu biet ve th<'ti kl nh?y cam ngon ngu cua con se coi hanh vi bat chu6'c n ay nhli mot slj hon lao, thieu l� phep, nghtch ng<;Jm, la m(>t bieu hi�n khien ngu<'ti 16'n phcli dau dau, th�m chi can phcli ngan ch�n hanh vi Mt chu6'c ay. Nhung h9 dau biet rang, Mt chu'dc l�i chinh la mc}t phu'.ong phap hqc hoi quan trqng nhat cua be, no se giup be nhanh chong nang cao kha nang ngon ngfi, co the Ilic nay chi la Mt chudc m{>t cau noi, nhu'.ng sau do ·�i la qua trinh n{>i hOa va sang t�o cua chinh ban than be vdi ngon ngfi. OltfCJNG 2 THIJI Kl NH�V CAM VE NGON NGif (0-6 TUOI) 13 � T�i sao be c6 the bat chu'&c rat giong ngui1i l&n? Bong da 2 tuoi roi nhung vdn chua biet n6i chuy?n, m� Bong sot ru{jt VO cimg. M? dii dua Bong den cac b?nh vi?n nhi de kiem tra kha m'ing thinh giac va cd quan phat am. Mqc du bac sf m¢t mtjc kh&ng djnh be hoim toan binh thuang, nhung m? Bong vdn rat lo Zang. M¢t hOm, Bong d¢t nhien n6i chuy?n, be chi vao cai o to do chdi ma minh thich nhat va n6i: "Be Bong khOng ngoan, khOng n6i chuy?n, hu qua .... haizz ... ". M? Bong nghe thay con n6i nhu vqy thi vita ngqc nhien, vita mung lqi vita xau h6, thqt khOng biet dien td tam trqng nhu the nao. Day la nhilng lai m? vdn n6i vai be Bong hang ngay, ngay ca than tu "haizz .. .'' cuoi cau ma be Bong cung bat chuac ro la giong. Bi � tJ trortj 3W aoq.,n, bWt.j ft"5 : vi Yljon, rtjl4 t:W cM bi tJ � tutu 0�3 tutu : � tJ trortj 3W aorµc, tr& tu,? tief-tluv ftilf/ . : s§, alp- tlut, mpu tMrtj tUt, Ylj0/1, Ylja pfwrtj . : pfui tU, l'IWu truifrtj XWlj ?frAtUtlv. Dila nAy : � c6 /4u /,qj, � c6 fu?.,i. TYOYlj tlnJr,, luWrtj : trb-v c6 tki tluly, rtjon, rtja IWu u-Uv rtjuifu : tdn, trortj dJJu strtj � rtjdy c6 t&tJv hu:Urtj : : v0 � � me, � tri. vi vefy, !tju:di : : t/Jn, � � ltbi � vtUt, � /jcJr, >'4 : : � x.ac, JUiu- tiHJt, � a c1w tri /ipc- : : MitltM. : PHllONG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI - THOI Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE Dung nhftng tu ngft co hi�u qua m�nh la be dang kiem chti'ng sue m�nh cua ngon ngft � Ta danh mi nay, danh cho chet! Ba n¢i den truang mau giao d6n be Bin ve� vita nhin thay ba, be Bin d¢t nhien bu¢t mi�ng n6i: "Ba n¢i, ta danh mi nay, danh cha chet!". Thay be Bin n6i nhu vi:ly, ba n¢i vo cimg hoang mang va lo Zang. M<; be Gau cimg di d6n con, thay vi:ly lie'n n6i vai be Bin: "Bin, tqi sao chau lqi n6i nhu the vai ba n¢i?'', nhung be Bin chdng c6 phdn ung gi, chqy m¢t mqch ra c1fo truqt chdi dua. Thai gian dai sau d6, be Bin khOng chi n6i nhu vi:ly vai ba, b6, m<;, ong n¢i, ma thi:lm ch{ dm thuang xuyen n6i nhang cau "day ac f" vai nguai co ru¢t ma be van yeu quy nhat: "Tao da chet may nay!", "Tao go cha u da'u bay gia'', ''May za do con lqn ngu ngoc!" ... Be Bin cdm thay rat thfch thu vai nhang tit nga mqnh nhu th{, be hoan toan khOng de' y den anh mat hoang mang va noi buon cua nhang nguai than trong gia dinh: "Tqi sao m¢t dua be ngoan ngocm lqi trd nen hOn lao nhu the nhi?". Ngan ngil la tiep thu roi bat chi/de theo ma thanh. Nhflng c1ua tre til hai tuoi rlfoi trd /en, ca h9i tiep xlic va Mt chi/de ngon ngil gia tang. Sau khi nhilng liJi le khong c1 p xuat hi�n. tim kiem con c11fong bat chi/de cCmg la m9t bl/de quan tr9ng. c� v-tf t, fiY � CAf) vi !Jui � ffjOf(, ffj� bi, fe, kMHj tMa, Wffj wt, vi,j,c, � UJ.i vii bdt: clu<.k � ft,y tiut, � vii tlut ftj� tqk ldtihv bi pJult � YtJv � b& Ml/ cM., ftjOyt, ftjt't. Hoa, ya, ftjOyt, Hjbt c6 sdv � K/.r,f, 141,# cda 11.bf, beft: ya, f§, � & m.pt � 1wi Ulf(, kMHj ffjd. Nlulnj lili Ii, d> uy fl!c, JWltj Hit«, Hf.# /J.(jJj, ki6H., lwlf,v Hf.# Cblf, JM d> tld � � ffjudb klui.c. Tia U t�i kb � cdMt, ,,./, ; ; � ���� bi� � . : ba � AAc-t1utm, am, dht.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .- �' 1 l , t r • � , ' t I, , , , I. , , , 0 , • , , .- , , , , , , , , , : CHUONG 2 THCJI Kl NH�Y CAM VE NGON NGO' (0-6 TUOI) IS � Te;ii sao be IC;li chili b�y? Gan day, b6ng nhien be Minh hqc duqc m¢t cau chui bqy. M6i khi be than nhien n6i ra cau chui bqy nay, cd nha lf,li nhao nhao he't cd len. Ba n¢i thi lac da'u, 6ng n¢i thi giqm chan, m� thi la len, bo thi gid tay djnh danh vao m6ng be .... Mi(lc du cd nha da nghi du each nhung be Minh van SU d�ng cau chui bqy ay m9i luc m9i ndi, thuang xuyen khien cho nguai nha xau ho truac mi(lt m9i nguai. Lam the nao de be Minh ngoan hdn tht!c St! VO cung kh6. Du nhie'u la'n bf danh the nao chang nila nhung be van cu chili bqy, thqm chi ngay cang chui bqy nhie'u hdn. Ro rang la be Minh dang dam minh trong niem vui tim kiem sue m(;lnh cua ngon ngu. Trang eac gia dinh binh thuang, khi tre chui b�y ho�c n6i nhung lai tho tl;IC, cha m� thu'ang tim each ngan ch�n, noi gi�n ho�c tim m<;>i each de u6n nan. Nhung hanh d(mg nay chi cang khien cha be cam nh� Sau sac du'Q'C uy ll;fc cua nhung tu ngu c6 hi�u qua m(;lnh, dong thai cam thay cang hao hung hc:ln. Sau d6, be se cang SU d1,mg nhung cau chili b�y nay nhieu hon. Luc nay be giong nhu' m<)t d<;lO t d<;!ng ngon ngu khong the ttj kiem soat duqc. :.:·+L . . . . .... .... . . . . ... . ........ . ... . ........ . . ... . . . ..... . . ... ..... . .... . . . . ....... . . ............ . ...... . ................ . ................. . ...... . ...... . . . . ................... . ...... . . .. ..... . 1+·:·= � T�i sao be l�i thich lam barn m<)t minh? M? dan Bong ra ngoai chdi, mi�ng Bong cu lam barn suot dqc duang di. Tren xe buyt c6 dan dnh cua rat nhie'u ngoi sao, be Bong luc thi chi vao dnh cua Le Minh va n6i: "Day la chu Le Minh cua con!", m¢t IUc lqi chi vao dnh cua Bi (Rain) va n6i: ':Anh Quang Vinh cua con thq.t la d?p trail". Sau d6, be Bong lqi nhin nguif :;ut.o dq.c,. bfd.t-tlu.dtltj vi co bm tU � �(/ � tltjftj 1Uf t£v . ftja phdf' cdPv tibrj � � tru : tluifflv "n:J uU u 3 iM WM, n:J 0 ft, ; ftja" d tr'Uth, � ldul vt ldul nMj U 3Uii vri biht, 4t 11j8n, ftjr:b. Ldv ndy, � ftjull4 >t,f vefi:, cA.a Owy� ftjq, 11j81t... ctiu trd tluifflv � at ttiu !Wu dwy� aW., bi. Thay be Bong cu luon mi�ng nhu vqy, m<; cung chdng biet phai dung each gi de' be Bong ngoi im lt?.ng naa. Troftj jiai Mq.,11/ M.y, bi si flliy sifrJv m,4t IUKtv tkdv ftjOf!/ ftja m.ti, cd,c, Md, tdffl, 1£ �v jPu u "ftjof!/ ftja c£ tou'; n,0 u m# . hUtJv tlul,v ftjOf!/ ftja .x.udi: � ; � saa w colt/ ftjudu ra- d:du _d:a4v � � vd.i � dUtJi, � U jiai Mq.,11/ [ � saa 3 tud4 sl /wdlt, todlt, b� m1.c [ . . � ldtk COit/ HjudU 8�9 ttufi,, ; . . . . ... . . . ..... . . . .... . . . . . . . .... . . . .... � . . . . . . . . . . . . . � T�i sao be thubng ngay noi rat nhieu, nay bong iu xiu? Be Hoa rat hay n6i, n6i luon mi�ng mqi luc mqi ndi, nghi gi la n6i nay, ngay ca luc ngoi chdi m¢t minh cung luon mi�ng n6i khong ngitng, nhie'u luc khien m<; phai xau hO. Ba ngoqi cua be Hoa la m¢t nguai rat hay can nhlin, do d6 m<; be Hoa het sue dau dtiu, cam thay be Hoa mac tqt n6i nhie'u la di truye'n tit ba ngoqi. The la m<; bat dau ngan cht?.n hanh vi cua be Hoa, thuang xuyen tim each cat ngang moi khi be Hoa n6i, con bao be khi chdi khOng duqc lam nham m¢t minh. M<; be Hoa nhat m1fc muon huan luy�n con gai thanh m¢t be gai nhu mi. Ai de m¢t thai gian sau, be Hoa khOng nhang gt?.p tra ngqi trong van de' phdt trie'n ngon nga ma ngay. ca tinh each cung tra nen co lqp. M<; be Hoa ngay cang khOng hieu con minh dang nghi gi, tqi sao m¢t dua tre von n6i nhie'u nhu the nay bong tra nen im lt?.ng nhu the? Th<'Ji kl ngon ngfi cai toi la ffiQt giai do�n can giao luu ngon ngfi nhat trong CUQC dO'i con ngl.iO'i. Stj nay sinh cua ngon ngu cai tOi la thai kl qua de) tu ngon ngu ben ngoai chuyen thanh ngon ngu n<)i t�i, do d6 d�c bi�t can c6 sl.j dan i h6a va linh h(>i khi nghe va d9c, tu vi�c ttj do SU d\mg ngon ngu ... Khi da hieu d�c diem thoi ki nh(;ly cam ngon ngu cua tre, cha m� hay thay doi each n6i chuy�n tuy ti�n de chuan bi cho be m(>t moi tnfong ngon ngu khong chi ddn thuan la chuan xac, phong phu va thu vi ma ctn la m(>t moi tnfong day tinh nhan van. Trong tinh yeu va sl,l'. tl,l'. do, be c6 the cam nh�n duqc ban than, cam nh�n nhung nguoi khac, cam nh�n moi trtiong, dong thoi nam bat duqc chuan xac am thanh va nhanh ch6ng dua ra nhung bieu d<;lt. Nhung bieu d<;lt nay khong chi la ngon ngfi ma con d<;J.i di�n cho sue m(;lnh, cho m(>t hi�n thtjc, stj sau sac; ngoai ra, hi�u qua cua vi�c giao dl,lC khoa hQC thtiong dtiuy ltjhi vii cdcJv � � cda- btin, t/uc,n,. · Bi !Wn, Mrtj �ft, bi.ta d¢ f rtjhi � uWrJr,, � frOYCj tf,du, Uy{, cd rtlt ff.itila ta ftj� t�c, � K6& ctwy� l1 chv edit, at vdb tf4,c, trwtj ftjbn, ftja c.Wv tWtj tluUrj k/W;, � rd � cdc, p/uwftj pltdp, ui£k t:lut& kJW:, tr.iuia di, � luUrk /Jw� j{/4 rm Utyffv dw tr& Truck khi biet n6i ra nhung ·tu dau tien, be ciing khong he tach rdi khoi ngon ngu, ma van dang (J trong giai doc;tn tien li giai ngon ngu va giai doc;tn li giai ngon ngu. * Giai doq.n tie'n li gidi ngon ngil: Be dang tich lii.y thOng tin de' lf gidi ngon ngil. * Giai doq.n li gidi ngon ngil: Be thOng qua li gidi ngon ngil, ngil nghia de' nam vilng ngil phap, ngil nghia, bat dti'u hqc each vi;ln dl:lng ngon ngil n6i chuy�n. * Thang qua giai doq.n tie"n Ii gidi ngon ngil va giai doq.n li gidi ngon ngil, be dan dan hqc each n6i CaC tit ddn, Cl:lm tu, cau Va doq.n doi thoq.i ... � 0-8 thang: Giai do�n tien Ii giai ngon ngfi Giai doc;tn tien li giai ngon ngu la q1m tu de chi giai doc;tn tu khi be sinh ra den 8 thang tuoi. Hoc;tt d(mg ngon ngu cua con ngudi bao gom hai phudng di�n la nghe va n6i, hoan toan tudng ling v&i qua trinh h9c t�p mang tinh tiep thu va bieu dc;tt trong hoc;tt d(mg ngon ngu cua be. Vi�c h9c hoi ngon ngu cua be nMt dinh phai la tiep thu tru&c, roi m&i den li giai, cuoi dmg la bieu dc;tt. Do v�y, con ngudi c6 b�c thang cua rieng minh trong each hQC t�p ngon ngfi, thong thlidng dli rat nhanh chong: Be van chua biet noi chuy�n se li giii m(>t so tu ngu, cau v&i nguO'i l&n, gan nhu cu nao do thong qua ngu khong the li giai dt:iQ'C ngon am, ngfi di�U ket hQ'p Vdi ngu cua nguO'i l&n. N6i eac d(mg tac ct each nghiem khac thi cua nguO'i l&n ho�c m(>t so be (J d(> tuoi nay van chua v�t the thl,[c ma nguO'i l&n nay sinh slj Ii giai va kha ging ngon ngu cua be da phan la ngon ngu mang Nhan to dnh h uang quan trqng nhat trong giai do<:tn tie'n lf gidi ngon nga tinh tiep thu. Nhung de be Ci d(> tuoi nay ciing dang chuan bi cho sl,[ phat trien ngon ngfi cua minh. M(>t m�t, be se tl,[ ren luy�n phat am bang each e a; m�t khac, be ci:i.ng bat dau "li giai" ngon ngu m(>t each l Be 3 thang tudi a§ bat aau c6 cac bleu hif n tich clfc muon "nol", m9 c6 thl !Ang nghe nhtJng am thanh ma be phat ra Jue de ch/u, Jue vui ve, vi d1,1: a, 6, 11 ••• Se cang vu/ s phat am cang nhi6u, hay t�o ra m9t kh6ng khf vui ve dd b4 llln t1,1c ren luy�n khS nlng phat am cua mlnh. Day chfnh la I/ khdl dlu cua vi�c h9C h61 ng6n ngii. cua be ch f nh la: NgtJCJi l(Jn c6 n6i chuy�n v(Ji be kh6ng? Mac dg n6i chuy�n nhu the nao? Thtmg qua mqt loi;it hanh v i: It1ng nghe, phat am, bt1t chut!c, g<;Ji, va titn hanh nhang hanh dgng c6 lien quan dln am thanh ... dl khtJi dgng ke ho<:tch ren luy¢n ngon nga cho be. , tn6U xanh nay/ � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Huang be nh1n vao m�t m� M\!C ich cua tro chdi: Khi boi d1.tang ho(,lt d(mg ng6n ngf:i cho tre, hu6'ng be nhin vao m�t cua nglibi huan luy¢n se ti¢n cho vi¢c trien khai ho<,lt d9ng ngon ngu va xay dl,ing tinh cam gif:ia cha m� va con cai. Cach chdi: 0 Luc thay ta ho�c tam cho be, c6 the dan i • ten be: "Be ngoan, nhin m� nay, m� yeu con, m� dang thay ta cho con day! Xong roi, cai m6ng S(,lch • se thorn tho roi nhe!", "Di tam th�t la thich!" ... Cha m� ciing c6 the d!u dang n6i chuy¢n v6'i be • khi cho be bu sf:ia. 0 M� c6 the su d\lng do choi phat ra am thanh de thu hut Sl,i chu y cua be, de be nhin vao m�t • m�. Sau d6 m� c6 the n6i nhung cau khen ngt bai dong dao cho be nghe, de be nam thoaimai trong long m�, nhin vao mat m�, m� vlia nhin be vlia d!u dang d9c ho�c hat. 0 Co d!nh thai gian va lai n6i v6'i be, m� co gang SU d\lng gi<,>ng di¢u, ve m�t, d(>ng tac hoi khoa tn.:tdng mt nhien lay khan tay ra, dong thai phat ra am thanh thich thu de thu hut Sl,i chu y cua be. 0 C6 the thay doi nguai huan luy¢n de be cng di khac bi¢t, c6 l<;ii cho sl,i tiep thu da nguyen .ij6a cua be. Con yeu, m� b cloy ca ma! . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • a • • • • • • • • . . . . . .... . . . . . . PHUONG PHAP GIAO DVC MONTESSORI -THGl Kl NH�Y dM CUA TRE ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . .. . . . . . . ..... . . . M\lC ich cua tro choi: Thong qua vi�c phat am de ren luy�n Cd quan phat am, • c6 1<;1i cho si;i phat trien ngon ngu cua be tU nay ve sau. each choi: 0 N6i chuy�n v6'i be, dan ng voi ngon ngfi, dong thai phai n6i m(>t each nhc;! nhang, chinh xac cho be nghe. 0 N6i cho be biet moi lo�i do chai c6 the phat ra am thanh tu'ang ung, vi d9: o to do chai: bim bim bim; tau hoa: xjch xtch xjch; xe d�p: kinh coong, kinh coong, cai trong: • • tung ... tling ... run.g . . .. 0 C6 the treo m(>t so buc tranh ve d(>ng v�t a trong nha, file;! vlia be be ngam nhin buc tranh vua ch�m rai mo ta tieng keu cua con v�t d6 cho be nghe. 0 Khi c6 khach I den chai nha, me;! c6 • the vua vay tay be • vlia chao hoi khach. • Khach di roi cam • tay be vua vay vua n6i t�m bi�t; ch�p • hai tay cua be l�i va :JO PHl1<1NG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI - THOI Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE • Tro chdi . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goi ten cua be Ml,lC dich cua tro chdi: Thong qua tro chdi gQi ten de tang c\idng kich thich ngon ngu d6i v&i be. Cach chdi: 0 Chuan bi m(>t bai hat ru, m� cMm rai hat cho be nghe, sau d6 thay ten em be trong bai hat bang ten cua con minh, chu y quan sat bieu cam cua be: Be se Iang tai chu y khi m� g<;>i ten be, be dang ng(;lc nhien, sao ten minh lC;li xuat hi�n Ci trong bai hat nhi? M� con c6 the thay bang cac bai hat thieu nhi khac va quan sat bieu cam cua be khi thinh thoang nghe thay ten minh xuat hi�n. M�c du be khong hoan toan hieu het nhung be Se rat thfch thu khi m� lam nh\i v�y. 0 Khi be biet ngoi, m� c6 the de be ngoi chO'i do chO'i, m� ngoi hen c(;lnh g9i ten be, cho den khi cu nghe thay m� gQi ten la be lC;li biet quay ve phia m�. M� c6 the dung do chO'i ho�c nhung cai om hon lam phan thuCing chg be. Be du&i tam thang tuoi c6 the � . dung ngon ngu bang tay ho�c cac am cO' ban de chao h6i, tC;lm bi�t . . . Vi v�y, m� c6 th� chu d9ng gQi va chao hoi be moi khi be thuc d�y. con a day ca mid Con dang chai xe giay �! . .... . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHlt<1NG 2 THl)I Kl NH�Y dM Vt NGON NGiJ (0-6 TU61) � 9- 12 thang: Giai do�n Ii giai ngon ngfi Cac nghien cuu da chung minh, cho du la tre S<1 sinh (j quoc gia nao, chi can C(j quan phat am phat trien binh thuang, dong thbi co moi trubng ngon ngu thich hc;1p, bat dau tu thang thu 9 tr& di, be se bu6c vao giai do<}.n li giai ngon ngu cua ngubi 16n. Do do, tieu chi quan trc,mg cua be bu6c vao giai do<;J.n li giai ngon ngu la be da co the li giai duc;1c y nghia cua m9t so tu, cau. Nhung do cac nhan to di truyen, giao d1,1c, moi trubng ... slj khac bi�t trong van de phat trien ngon ngu (j cac be la tliong doi l�n. Co nhung be 7 -8 thang da bu6c vao giai do<;J.n li giai ngon ngu, co nhung be phai hon m9t tuoi m6i bat dau. Dieu nay can co slj quan sat ti mi va kien tri clan chdi .. . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . � ..... .... . . . . . . . . . . . Lam mqt cuon sach nho danh rieng cho be M1,1c dich cua tro choi: Mang den cho be nhung kich thich ngon ngu co . lc;1i thong qua vi�c d9c, nghe va xem sach. Cach ch<1i: 0 M� co the suu t�p cac hue anh ve mau sac, d9ng v�t, thuc iin, nhan v�t ma be • thich nhat lam thanh m9t cuon sach danh rieng cho be. 0 Hang ngay, vao m9t thai gian nhat dinh, m� l<;J.i cho be xem, nghe va d9c sach: ' "Day la mau do, la mau con thich nhat nay; day la con cho, con cho keu gau ... gau ... ; Day la rn�, nhin xern, rn� dang cuai vc1i con!': 0 Moi ngay nen thay doi tu vljng ' khac nhau de lam phong phu them kho · tu ngu, cau chu cua be. 0 Thuang xuyen tang cuang n9i • dung cho cuon sach, bo sung them nhieu n9i dung m6i vao sach de be co . m9t cuon sach danh rieng cho minh, cuon sach dau tien nang cao kha niing ngon ngu va phat trien nMn thuc. PHtlaNG PHAP GIAO Dl:JC MONTESSORI - THin Kl NH�V CAM CUA TRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dung bai hat ctanh thuc de g9i be d�y M1,ic dich cua tro chai: Tang cucmg tinh lien ket cua ng6n ngu vc'Ji d(mg tac va ca the, nang cao kha nang li giai ng6n "ngu va co vU be phat am. Cach chai: 8 Hang ngay khi g9i be d�y, m� co the vlia hat vlia vu6t ve de danh thuc be. 8 N9i dung bai hat: • Ong mi/.t tn':li da cuai rat tuai, be yeu cua m� mau //;, thuc d�y! (( Thuc d�y di, d6i mat! Thuc d�y di, cai mfli! Thuc d�y di, di mi�ng! Thuc d�y di, canh tay! Thuc d�y di, cai chan! Be mo to d6i mat, g9i m� ai, b6 ai. ... Reng ... reng .... 8 Khi hat, cha m� co the thay doi tr�t tl;i bai hat, g9i den dau thi vu6t ve den do de tang cuang tinh lien quan cho be. 8 Khi hat xong, hay co vii be bcit chu&c g9i b6, m�. 8 Dieu can chu y la khi hat, gi9ng di�u phai nh� nhang, d!u dang; khi g9i be d�y kh6ng nen de be cam thay kho chtu. CHlft so t� vt;tng, bat dau manh nha kha nang khai quat ngon ngu, bieu hi�n la da c6 the biet phan bi�t ho�c lien h� gifia cac tu khac nhau v6i slj v�t c� the, kha nang li giai ngon ngu ding c6 slj tien b(>. Be du<;ic m(>t tuoi ruoi tr& len da c6 the nghe hieu nhung cau chuy�n ngan, b&i vi be gan nhu van ch,ua c6 kha nang bieu d<;lt ngon ngfi, khong biet n6i nhung cau hoan chinh, chi dung m(>t, hai tu thay the cho y nghfa cua ca cau, vi v�y thdi kl nay du<;jc g9i la "dung tu thay cau': Khi be bat dtiu khOng c1fo Mt chuoc nguoi Ion ma tl;I- n6i ra mt)t so tit nga c6 y nghfa chinh xac, die'u i16 cho thay be da bat da'u c6 khci nang n6i c"huy�n. - " ll , :r ··Tro chdi .. . . . . . ... . . .... .... ... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tro chai tiep xuc . Ml,l.c dich cua tro chai: Tang clidng kich thich ngon ngfi, lam phong phu von •, tu vt;lng, li giai nhung cau dan gian va phat trien kha nang xuc giac cua be. Cach chai: 0 M� chuan bi m(>t cai tui, hen trong c6 dtjng cac lo<:J.i hoa qua nhu: tao, chuoi, nho, le; b6 vao d6 m(>t so m6n do chai da c9 S<:J.ch nhu: 6 to, gang tay, sach, bong cao su ... 0 M� vua hat vlia dan nam vfing tu ngfi cua b '"; dong thdi lam giau them von tu vt;lng cho be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . !JI PHllaNG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI -THl)I Kl NH�Y cAM (UA TRE . . . .. . . . . .. ..... . ...... ..-. .. . .. . . . . . . � Mt,Ic dich tro chC1i: B6i duong kha nang nhin, nghe va n6i cua be; nang cao • tinh tuC1ng quan cua ngon ngu va v�t tMt, tang cubng luy�n t�p cho be n6i theo ket • cau cau c6 d chu ngu va vt ngu. each chC1i: 0 Chuan ht thu nh6i bong ho�c • hue anh d9ng v�t, vi dt,I: con meo, : con ga, con trau, con citu ... 0 Chuan ht m9t s6 thuc an ma • nhung con v�t d6 hay an, vi dw : ca con, con trung, co ... 0 M� ch9n ngau nhien m9t con • v�t, n6i ten con v�t, bao be mo phong : tieng keu cua con v�t d6, cling c6 . the thay doi each chC1i, m� bat chuck tieng keu cua con v�t, be n6i ra ten • con v�t tuang ling. 0 M� hoi be c6 biet con v�t d6 • thich an cai gi khong? Dau tien hay • bao be cam hue anh thuc an ma con • v�t d6 thich an ra, sau d6 dan hdn ve kha nang li giai ngon ngf:l, be c6 the tien hanh d6i tho�i v&i ngu<'Ji l&n batig nhung cau ddn gian. Kha niing ngon nga cua b , ilii phat trien den giai doc:in nam bat diii cho be lien M giua ngon ngu va d(>ng tac. Cach chdi: 0 Mt; ch9n m(>t bai hat thieu nhi, sau d6 • cho be nghe, thtjc hi�n cac d(>ng tac trong • bai hat: Mt; cui ngu<'Ji, con cui nguai (cui nguai). Mt; vo tay, con vo tay (vo tay). Mt; gi�m chan, con gi�m chan (gi�m • chan). 0 D1,1 be n6i ra nhung cau phuc · ddn gian: "Mt; cui ngu<'Ji, con cui ngu<'Ji", "Mt; vo tay, con vo tay" ... 0 Cha mt; con c6 the giup be • li giai du ltja ch9n, vi d1,1: "Con Mt; xoay tron, con xoay tron (xoay tron). Mt_: nam tay, con nam tay (nam tay). Mt; cui dau chao, con cui dau chao ( cui • dau chao). thich cui ngu<'Ji hay thich VO tay? ; Con thich nam tay hay thich cui dau chao?" De be l an lung tac tlidng ling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . ,. . . . . .... ....... . . . . . . . ...... . . . . 3(i PHllONG PHAP GIAO DVC MONTESSORI - THiJI Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . Chi ra loi sai Mt,1c dich cua tro chO'i: Nang caa kha nang li giai, phan daan va bieu d<;tt ngon ngu cua be. Cach choi: 0 M� c6 the che1i tro che1i nay voi be bat cu hl.c naa. M� c6 the gia Vd la lai xe: "M� la m(>t lai xe, lai o to rat la aai, o to keu bum bum .. :: sau d6 baa be chi ra m� n6i sai Ci dau, dong thCii n6i l<;ti am thanh chinh xac phai la: "O to keu bim bim .. .''. 0 C6 the thay doi tuy y: "Toi la em be, di xe d<;tp rat la oai! Bim bim ... bim .. .'', sau d6 baa be chi ra sai Ci dau, dong thCii sua l<;ti cha dung: "Xe d<;tp keu kinh caang ... kinh caang .. .''. 0 Ngaai ra, cha m� c6 the yeu cau be mo phong tieng keu cua xe cap cuu, xe canh sat, xe cuu hoa .... . . . . . . . . . .. . H9c t�p ng6n ngil thong qua v�t th�t c6 thl khien be ghi nhd sau hdn, hC)c t�p ng6n ngil ket hf1p vdi thl/c tien se khien be cang them hllng thu. CHlfONG 2 THal Kl NH�Y CAM V{ NGON NGil (0-6 TUOI) . � 25-32 thang tuoi: Giai do�n cau phuc Tu 28 thing tuoi trc.'1 len, so h.iQng cau phuc ma be n6i se tang d<)t bien, chiem khoang 50% hiQng ngon ngfi cua be. Do v�y, chung ta g9i day la "Giai docµi cau phuc': Luc nay, nhung cau ma be n6i da dru va hoan chinh hO'n nhieu, n<)i dung cfmg ngay m<)t phong phu hO'n, be bat dau hQC de nh�n xet ve nguai va Stj V�t bang ngon ngfi, cfmg CO the dung ngon ngu de chi phoi nguai khac, con c6 the dung ngon ngu de tien hanh de ho�t d<)ng dO'n gian nhat. Cha m? ai'n t<;io ra moi truilng ngon nga phong phu, hoim hdo va chuan xac cho be, dan dat be SU d�ng ngon nga bieu il<;it tam tr�ng cua minh trong CUQC song hang ngay; dong thili hO tr<;! be mo r9ng hinh thuc cau SU d�ng, nang cao khd nang ngon nga. Tro ctioi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doan vat . Mt,lc dich tro chO'i: T�o ra cO' h<)i ho�t d<)ng ngon ngu cho be, nang cao kha • nang bieu d�t bang ngon ngu. Cach chO'i: 0 M� chuan bt m(>t ta giiy trang, dt,lc .m<)t di lo tren ta giay, giau m�t • ra sau ta giay, de 1¢ con mat, mUi ho�c • mi�ng qua khe h&, bao be doan xem • day la cai gi va dung ngon ngfi de • bieu d�t. 0 DQi be chO'i thanh th�o tro nay, cha m� c6 the dung m<)t v�t ma be da quen thu<)c thay the, de be doan ra v�t the hoan chinh thong qua m<)t phan • v�t the xuat hi�n qua lo hong ta giay va bao be gQi ten v�t the. 0 M� c6 the can cu vao cau tra lai • cua be de md r(>ng hinh thuc cau, khien cho dap an cua be hoan chinh hO'n, n<)i dung phong phu hO'n, vi dl,l: Con mat c6 the lam gi? May bay bay <'1 dau? 6 to nay c6 mau gi? ... Cha m� con c6 the • bao be phan doan xem cau da dung hay • chua, vi dl,l: "Mat dling de an do an, tai dung • de nglii mui hoa, mfu dling de nhin'' ... de be • tim ra nhung loi sai trong cau, lam phong • phu ho�t d<)ng ngon ngfi va khO'i gQi hung • thu cua be doi v&i ho�t d<)ng ngon ngfi. 0 Chu y: Ta giay dung che v�t the can • ch9n giay trang, khong nen dung giay bao, • giay bao c6 chua chi, khong c6 lQi cho st,t phat trien cua be; ben canh d6, nhung n(>i � dung, hinh anh tren bao c6 the ,, trung cua be bt phan tan. PHl1<1NG PHAP GIAO Dl,IC M(INTESSORI -THal Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE ��=e=- -. _, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. .- . . . . . M\lc dich tro chai: Ren luy�n giao luu va bieu d;;it ngon ngu; phan bi�t, • tu duy va phan doan; t;;io nhung kich thich ngon ngu c6 lqi. Cach chai: 0 Hang ngay, mt_! c6 the danh th<'ii gian co • dinh d� ke chuy�n cho be nghe, han nua can ke ; di ke l;;ii m9t cau chuy�n trong m9t th<'ii gian de • be ghi nho n9i dung cau chuy�n, sau d6 se tien • hanh tro chai ke chuy�n sai voi be. 0 Cung giong nhu m9i ngay, mt_! cam cuon • truy�n ma be yeu thich len, gi9ng di�u tram • deu, ng6i ngay ngan truoc m�t de thu hut sl,f 'I • chu y cua be. ' fa 0 Sau khi ke m9t do;;in, mt_! bat dau khong ke • theo nhu trong sach ma tl,f bia ra chuy�n, vi d\l 1 . � trong cau chuy�n "S6i den r6i': mt_! co y de cho s6i an thit dan d:iu cua c?u be n6i doi ngay tu · Ian dau tien s6i den. Cau chuy�n nhanh ch6ng = ket thuc, ill(_! c6 the dung l;;ii m9t lat, quan sat � - ve m�t cua be, nhin xem be c6 the tim ra loi sai • khong. Neu be tim duqc loi sai, mt_! hay ke l;;ii . cau chuy�n, trong qua trlnh ke con c6 the bia � them vai loi sai nua de be phat hi�n, huong dan be dung ngon ngu r6 rang va lien quan de bieu • d;;it, ill(_! ding c6 the dan chai ngon tay ngon ngu cai toi M1,1c dich tro choi: Nam vfing stj lien quan cua chu, tu, cau, thoa man giai do<;in • • bung no ngon ngu cai toi cua be, dong thO'i ren luy�n stj linh ho<;it cua nam ng6n tay. ca.ch choi: 0 De be ng6i Ci tu the thoai mai : la c6 the vlia ho<;it d(mg cac ng6n : tay vlia ttj lam barn de bat dau tro : choi nay. Ong m?t trO'i len cao r6i (hai : tay nam ch?t thanh nam dam, dua : tu truac ngtjc len Mn dinh dau). Anh bfo thuc cl?y (ng6n cai dua ra). Anh hai thuc cl?y (ng6n tro • dua ra). Cao keu thuc cl?y (ng6n giua : dua ra). B<;in cl?y r6i day a? (ng6n ap • ut dua ra). Toi thuc cl?y r6i (ng6n ut • dua ra). M9i nguO'i deu thuc cl?y r6i (xoe hai ban tay, rung rung). Ong m?t tr<'>'i xuong nui roi • (hai tay xoe ra, tu dinh dau clan : clan h<;i xuong trliac ngtjc) Anh bfo di ngu r6i (ng6n tay cai Cl,lp XUong). Anh hai di ngu r6i (ng6n tro Cl,lp xuong). C ao keu di ngu r6i ( ng6n gifia c1,1p • xuong). B<;in di ngu r6i (ng6n ap ut c1,1p xuong). Toi di ngu r6i (ng6n ut c1,1p xuong). M9i nguO'i deu di ngu r6i (hai ban tay • nam l<;ii, d?t Ci ben tai r6i mai nhilm mat, lam • be) nhu dang ngu). 0 Khi mai b at dau, be se g?p kh6 khan • trong vi�c thtjc hanh ca hai tay, c6 the ren • luy�n tung tay trliac r6i chuyen sang ca hai tay. • Ren luy�n ng6n ap ut doi vai be se c6 de) kh6 • nhat dtnh, me:; c6 the ho trQ' giup be t?p luy�n. , . el1l ngon tro. , , , n '"'' ��o ��� . .. .... . . . . . . . . . ..... ..... .... . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... .... . . . .. . CHIIONCi 2 THIJI Kl NH�Y CAM V( NGON NGO' (0-6 TU61) !/ 1 • • � 4-6 tuoi: Phat trien ngon ngfi tong hqp cho tre Phat trien ngon ngfi tong hqp cho tre chu yeu the hi�n tren cac phucmg di�n nam vfing ngfi am, tu vvng, ngfi phap va nang hjc bieu d<;tt ngon ngfi. Tre tu b6n tuoi tr& len bat dau dan dan hj giac, c6 each nhin nh�n nguyen tac ngfi am, tu vvng va to hqp tu thanh cau m(>t each c6 y thuc. Cung v6i slj tang len cua d(> tuoi, kha nang tti duy va bieu d<;tt ding c6 nhfing tien b(>, ngon ngfi thuc day tu duy lien t\lc phat trien. Cha m� ctl'n can cu vao dij. diem phat trien ngon ngil cua be de i!ua ra eek kt hoq.ch ren luy�n phat trien phu ht bai hat, • co vii be hat theo r6i d<;ty be vita hat vita • bieu t s6 con r6i • ng6n tay ho�c do chdi bang bong, vita hat vua bifo dien, nang cao hung thu • cua be d6i v&i tro chdi. 0 Sau khi bieu tf pM± tr� HjOK- Hja ciJn,, u5 �t, 11A.Af1/ � m.ef.t thik vtii, tr& tr,¢ al.a, trl Do �' duv U1-? !Wt, cJui, j bk dadHj vd, � �� cJ 3hrj kiwi, 3�i, ftAJtj {qc,, HjOK- Hja � tdlrj al.a, tri � Khoc: S\i khoi dart cua ngon ngfi B:;m c6 biet khong? Khoc la slf. k.hdi dau cua vi�c be luy�n t�p phat am va hdi thd day. Neu kha nang ngon ngu cua con b�n khong phat trien nhu muc li tuong, nen bat Hu"6ng dan cua chuyen gia Trong giai do�n be thich e a nhat, cha m� tuy�t d6i dung Scj be kh6c. Neu khi be kh6c ma b6 m� lien om, lien treu dua hay cho be an, thi thtjc chat chinh la dang tuoc di co h9i luy�n t�p phat am ph6i hc;;p hit tho cua be. Boi vi khi be kh6c, hit ngan, tho dai se c6 dau tim nguyen nhan tu ngay con b�n chao dh'i. Tieng kh6c cua be moi dau khong c6 y nghia gi d�c bi�t, nhung hai thang sau khi_r� �di, tieng khoc cua be bat dau co y nghia nhat djnh. Be dung tieng kh6c de bieu hi�n vi�c b! d6i, b u o n ngu, ta uot roi, ! dun ... D?c bi�t la sau hai, ba thang tu6i, be se thuO'ng e a phat ra nhung am tiet don gian nhu a, e ... vao nhung Ilic tam tr�ng vui ve, sau khi an no ho�c ngu d�y ... Sau 5-6 thang tuoi, be se tu tu phat ra cac am phuc nhu "ma ma", "mam mam", "pa pa" ... Vi�c luy�n t�p phat am nay van Se tiep tl,lC ton t�i tu 6 thang tro di. stj tuong dong voi tan suat va tinh tr�ng ho hap cua nguO'i Ion khi n6i chuy�n. Khi nguO'i lon n6i chuy�n ho�c bieu d�t, c6 luc ding n6i lien tl,lc m9t do�n h9i tho�i (tho dai), nh� nhang doi gic;mg (hit ngan), roi l�i tiep tl,lC n6i. Co nhfing em be khong biet lay hdi sau khi noi chuy�n chinh la bc Washington da din cu vao khu Vljc ho?t dc)ng cua de noron than kinh cua lap VO ben trong nao be) de ve len so do thinh giac ben trong nao. "So do thinh giac" trong nao cua tre nho se hoan thanh khi tre dti<;ic hon 1 tuoi. Cho den thO'i kl nay, de noron than kinh khong kh6 de phan bi�t de am thanh di vao so do thinh giac. Do d6, truyen cang nhieu am thanh c6 y nghia vao tai tre so sinh thi cang c6 the thuc day slj nh?y cam cua de noron than kinh thinh giac chu trong nao be) cua be. Cac nghien cuu da chung minh dti<;iC rang, be c6 v6n tu Vljng phong phu hay khong phl,l thuc)c phan Ian vao vi�c m(;! c6 n6i chuy�n nhieu vai be hay khong. Cac nha nghien cuu da dieu tra vi�c naill vii'ng tu ngfi 0 nhfing be 20 thang tuoi va c6 du<;tc ket qua nay: So vai nhung be khong thuO'ng xuyen du<;tc nghe ill(;! n6i chuy�n, de be du<;tc nghe ill(;! n6i chuy�n thuO'ng xuyen c6 lu<;tng tu vljng phong phu hon 13 1 tu (trung binh). Trong nhung ban dieu tra tuong ttj tien hanh vai de be 2 tuoi, slj chenh l�ch so lti<;tng tu Vljng gifia hai nh6ill ciing d?t den m6c 295 tu (trung binh). Tu d6 c6 the thay, slj phat trien kha nang ngon ngu cua be c6 anh huong trtjc tiep tu m(;! cua illinh. De con illinh c6 the "biet an n6i", ill(;! hay tich ctjc n6i chuy�n vai be nhieu hdn nhe! Khong co bit cu dila tre nao sinh ra da la thien tai ngon nga, dila tre nao ciing can dtlgc ngtliii ldn tfch Cl/C chu d9ng dan dat va d�y bao. Muon con thu�n lgi vtlgt qua thiii ki nh�y cam ngon ngil, m� ph.ii nam bat m9i Cd h9i de lam mau Cho be. M� c6 the anh htlong tdi be a tilng chi tiet nho, nhit la trong ngon ngil. Cac nghien ctlu da phat hi�n, m� n6i chuy�n bao nhieu vdi be, thiii gian n6i chuy�n va trinh ti/ n6i chuy�n deu c6 anh htldng sau sac den be hdn 1a til b6. �Tang cuC1ng an d�m: V�n d(>ng co lan nang cua tre, nhtlng nhai la van de can hQC hoi, can phai bOi dlliJng. .f(j PHllONG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI - THl11 Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE tu loang den d�c, tu nhuyen den tho. Khi be nhai d6 cling, khoang mi�ng phai dieu chinh nhieu khoi co hen trong khoang mi�ng ho?t d<)ng, dong thc'Ji ket hi nguai, cam nh�n moi tru<'1ng trong tinh yeu thuong va ti;i do, tu li giai di den bieu d�t, dan dan nang cao va xay di;ing kha nang ngon ngfi. Thi;ic ra, chuan bi m<)t moi tru<'1ng ngon ngu hoan hao, phong phu, chuan mi;ic, da nguyen cho be ciing bao gom ca tinh yeu thuong sau sac cua m<;>i nguai trong gia dinh doi voi be. � S\i cham soc qua ki cang gay trd ng;µ cho van de phat trien ngon ngfi Moi dua tre deu la trung tam cua si;i yeu thuong trong gia dinh, ai cfmg deu yeu chieu be. Nhung b�n c6 biet khong? Nhung dua tre trong giai do�n nh�y cam ngon ngu neu nh�n duqc qua nhieu si;i cham s6c cua nguai than se khien tre danh mat co h<)i bieu d�t ngon ngu. Trang CUQC song hi�n nay thuang c6 tinh tr�ng: M� duang nhu c6 the hieu thau tam tu cua con, khong dc: Cai gi minh can m� ding biet, minh con chua nghi den m� ciing da biet roi, the la minh khoi phai n6i. Vi v�y ma trong moi gia dinh deu xuat hi�n nhung "c�u am, co chieu''. Hu'i nguai trong gia dinh phai thong nMt voi nhau, c6 y thuc huong be dung ngon ngu de bieu d�t yeu du, con c6 the thong qua ngon ngu de ra l�nh cho be lam m<)t so vi�c phu hqp de giup m<;>i nguai. Lam nhti v�y c6 the thuc day si;i tiep thu ngon ngu, kha nang li giai va bieu d�t cua be duqc nang cao; hen qnh d6 con c6 the d�y be biet lao d{mg, quan tam va cham s6c m<;>i nguai. Sau khi tam xong, m� hay co y kh6ng mang quan ao Ya tat den ben Cf!Oh be. Chi noi vdi be rang be nen m�c quan ao, de be nMc m� mang quan ao va m�c quan ao cho be. Hay t�o ra nht1ng thOa thu�n ngam vdi bl, de cho M co cd h9i d9c l�p ti/ duy va giao '"" nhieu hdn. � Khoe khoang, chi trich, so sanh la nhung dieu cam ltj trong qua trinh phat trien ngon ngfi cua he Toe d9 phat trien ngon ngu CO S\j khac bi¢t giua cac be, hon nua moi be deu c6 hinh thuc bieu hi¢n cua rieng minh. Trong qua trinh phat trien ngon ngu cua be, cha m� tuy¢t doi khong dti<;ic mang toe d9 phat trien ngon ngu cua con minh ra khoe khoang, ding khong dti<;ic so sanh roi chi trich con minh, day la nhung dieu cam kt trong qua trinh phat trien ngon ngu cua be. Chung ta thuC:lng nghe tMy cac b�c ph\l huynh n6i nhti the nay: "Sao con ngoc the? Ro rang biet noi rat nhieu sao l�i khong noi gi the!'� "Nhin con nha nguoi ta kia, g�p ai ding chao, sao con khong chju h9c t�p, th�t xau ho! ". B ?n c6 biet khong? Tre ding la m(>t ca the can dti<;1C ton tn;mg. B?n cu mang con ra so sanh, chi trich thi se d(>ng ch(:lm den S\i tl;i ton cua be. Sl;i am anh va tr& ng(:li nay c6 the anh htiO'ng rat nhieu den s\j phat trien kha nang ngon ngu cua be. Hu6ng an cua chuyen gia Neu toe d(> phat trien ngon ngu cua be khong dti<;1c tot lam, truck tien b;p1 can tim kiem nguyen nhan 6' chinh ban than minh: Khi be m6i ra dC:li, b(:ln da de be kh6c m(>t each thich h<;ip chua? Gia dinh b(:ln da t(:lO ra m(>t moi trtiC:lng ngon ngu li ttiO'ng cho be chua? M� c6 thuC:lng xuyen n6i chuy¢n v6i be khong? Sl;i cham soc cua nguC:li nha c6 phai qua chu dao khien be khong c6 co h9i bieu d?t hay khong? ... Tim ra du<;ic nguyen nhan roi m6i len ke ho(:lch khac ph\lC, CO nhu v�y mdi Cong bang va khoa h9c doi vdi S\j phat trien ngon ngu cua be. Cha m� nen nh6: Cha m� chi nen so scinh be lJ hi�n t�i voi be truoc day, xem xet xem be co tien bq ho�c tht.1t lui hay khong, khong bao gio dem nhu ngan va dt gia dinh ma nhung ngubi than mang nhieu quoc tich khac nhau, dong thbi tiep nh�n hai ho�c hem hai thu ngon ngu, thi be la ngubi vo cling may man, b&i vi be c6 dieu ki�n va kha nang nam vfing dong thbi hai thu ngon ngu tr& len. Tre cang nho thi vi�c h<;>c ngon ngu cang de. Khi m&i chao dbi, d?i niio cua tre SCi sinh tiep nh�n ngu am cua tat ca cac ngon ngu, cac te bao nao se can cu vao cac kich thich ngu am khac nhau de tien hanh lien ket v&i nhau. Cung v&i sl,i l&n len cua be, neu <'1 trong m(>t moi trubng ngon ngu d�c bi�t nao do, niio bQ CUa be se phat trien va hinh thc\nh nen nhfing phan X? d�c bi�t, dieu nay c6 the giup be t�p trung sue chu y vao thu ngon ngu ma be nghe tMy va cam nh�n duqc. Vi v�y, ngay ca nhung dua tre c6 van de ve tri tu� thi van c6 the hieu duqc tieng m� de. Neu c6 m(>t d?ng ngu am rat it xuat hi�n trong niio cua tre thi kha nang phan bi�t d?ng ngu am nay cua tre se suy giam. Cang l&n, be se cang kh6 khan trong vi�c phan bi�t nhung am thanh ma be khong thtibng xuyen duqc nghe, b&i vi trong niio b(> cua be khong c6 to chuc than kinh chuyen bi�t nao dtiqc chi dinh de nghe thu ngu am nay. Trang CUQC song, nhung ngtidi cang l&n tuoi cang cam thay kh6 khan v&i vi�c h<;>c ngo?i ngu: c6 ngubi khong the h<;>c duqc, c6 ngubi thi hieu nhung khong biet n6i, c6 ngubi biet n6i l?i khong biet d<;>c, c6 ngubi n6i tieng nu&c ngoai bang gi<;>ng lo l& khong chuan xac ... D6 la do trong h� thong thinh giac cang ngay cang c6 nhieu b(> ph?n da bi chi phoi dung de "nghe" tieng m� de roi. Si,i kich thich tu nhieu thu ngon ngu c6 the tang ctidng kha nang XU li ngu am cua be. Nhung em be trong gia dinh song ngu th�t may man, ke tu luc sinh ra be da duqc nMn nhung kich thich dong thbi tu hai d?ng ngon ngu khac nhau. Mai trubng ngon ngu la nhan to bat bu(>c cho vi�c h<;>c ngon ngu, du la thu ngon ngu nao thi doi v&i be ding deu can trai qua qua trinh: tiep thu, li gicli va bieu d?t. Do do, h<;>c ngon ngu thu hai khong phai chi dc:in thuan h<;>c vai tu dc:in gian la c6 the thay the duqc. 50 PH If ONG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI - THO! Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE Nhung be sinh ra trong gia dinh song ngu do dong thO'i nh�n slj kich thich tu vai d(;lng ngu am, sau khi tiep thu va li gicii can c6 day du thO'i gian de n9i h6a ngon ngu, vi v�y kha nang bieu d<;lt cua nhung be nay c6 the se ch�m hem m(>t chut so voi nhung be chi su d1,mg m(>t thu ngon ngu de giao h.:tu. Den khi be n9i h6a duc;ic nhung ngon ngu da tiep thu va li giai, dong thO'i biet phan b# chung, be se c6 the dmg luc SU dl).ng v'ai thu ngon ngu de giao tiep. Huong dan cua chu n gia Muon con minh cling luc c6 the su dl).ng hai ngon ngfi tr& len, cha m� cang cho be tiep xuc s&m voi nhieu d<;lilg ngu am baa nhieu se cang tot bay nhieu. Neu b<;ln khong biet n6i vai thu tieng, b<;ln hoan toan c6 the tim m9t vai nguO'i b(;ln nuoc ngoru, Ian htqt n6i chuy�n voi be vao nhung khoang thO'i gian va khong gian co dinh, lam nhu v�y ding CO the kich thich cac te baa nao cua be lien ket cac ngfi am khac nhau, t<;lO nen tang vfing chac cho vi�c h9c ngo(;li ngfi sau nay cua be. Dieu chung toi can nhac nh& d.c ph\l huynh la, h9c ngo(;li ngfi quan tr9ng nhat la moi truO'ng, chi duqc thtjc hanh trong moi truO'ng d6 thi moi c6 the tiep thu, li gicii va bieu d<;lt ngon ngu m9t each thanh th(;lo; tuy�t doi khong phai chi n6i duqc vai tu don hay may cau don gian ma duqc. A lo! So di con nguoi du (2-4 TUOI 1 I t ' I I 1 I I Trinh tl,i la dtnh lu�t cua tl,i nhien, la m<)t yeu cau cua slj song va I I 1 ' I I ' I I I \ \ I \ tru'dng thanh. Doi v6'i tre, the gi6'i ton t�i trong m<)t trinh tl,i va tr�t tlj khong thay doi. Trinh t1,i va tr�t tl,i nay dii an sau vao trong n<)i tam cua be ngay tu khi slj song bat dau, trd thanh nhung I , I I I I I I / ' I \ ' I logic n<)i t�i so khai trong be. Khi trinh tl,i du'Q'c thoa \ \ \ \ \ ' ' man, be se cam thay VO dmg thich thtl. ' ' ' \ \ \ \ \ Do do, tim hieu thoi ki nh�y cam ve trinh tlj cua be, ket hQ'p voi slj hu'6'ng dan va ' ' I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' giup da phu hQ'p se khien be hinh thanh thoi quen ngan nap ... ' ', ' Cam giac trinh ti! hen ngoai: Tim hieu moi quan h� �­ gifta ban than va moi trltang � Yeu cau cua be ve tr�t tl,i ben ngoai the hi�n Ci cac phudng di�n: ndi ch6n, thu tl,i, thoi quen, v�t SCJ huu, quy tick; la trong qua trinh thl,ic tien l�p di l�p l<;J.i, sl,i yeu cau xuat phat tU nQi tam CUa be VOi ban than Va CUa nguoi khac lien tl,lC dt:iQ'C tang ct:iong Va nQi h6a. St,t nh<;J.y cam n<)i t<;J.i cua be doi v&i tr�t tl,i la ban nang tl,i nhien. Thong thuong, sau khi nhin thay cac tr�t tl,i the gi&i ben ngoai, be m6i tim hieu moi truong ben ngoai, roi m6i tim hieu moi quan h� cua ban than v6i moi truong ben ngoai. � Be mdi sinh duqc mqt thang da "biet I�"? Long va Ly la m<)t c�p song sinh, luc hai be day thang, ca nha c6 to chuc m<)t buoi ti�c va moi b<;J.n be den tham dt,t. Hom lam ti�c day thang, m� da m�c cho hai be nhii'ng b9 quan ao trong th�t dang yeu, nhung khi nguoi nha om hai be ra ngoai, chung lien mCJ to doi mat hoang mang nhin xung quanh roi d<)t nhien oa kh6c. Hai vQ' chong lu6ng cu6ng do danh hai anh em, he;> hang than thich tim du m<;>i each do danh nhung van khong Sao g<;J.t bo dtiQ'C Sl,i hoang mang ra khoi mat hai dua be. Tieng kh6c cua chung cu lanh liinh vang v<;>ng, ch�ng le m6i dtiQ'C m<)t thang tuoi ma chung da "biet 1:( rOi sao? Doi vdi nhl7ng ngtloi ho;jc nhllng m6i truong khong quen thu9c, be thtlong thl hi�n sl,I hoang s(! tuu troYl3 m£t: w b� cAAj Wrtj thi nao � cAt � ... ..,-...;;.:_ c, 6.btj /dWc, ultv �- ; Ylj � tJt nJt1± u � cMrtj d£ � bt tr.ab bi vi � ue.;t, th,ap0 w m.b& truilrtj Wrtj thicJv h4[J1 � dUtv ; 'JUU-OU'I'[; Wrtj tht bl&, d¢ d:u{Jc, y �n, uitv btbv � � : f,t rtjuil& � th1y �c, J:llu, ft.dy. TM& que.;t, tr# tiy dd{!c- � d tJ � dUtv tri 111.11& rtv rliJb. • · ·········· · · ············· ······························ · ··············· . PHIJONG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI · THO'I Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE .., Ke tit Jue slnh ra den khi dllcjC 2 tu6i, cam giac ve tr�t ti,/ d M da VO cung r6 r�t. Be thllang khing khang d�t dung do vQt vao vi trf co djnh. Khi thay c6 m9t m6n do nao do khong d�t dung v; tri, be se l�p t e hanh d9ng, di/a v�t trd ve Vj co dfnh. ... (Q) 61tl Troftj c4v softj, b� tU bM ---� � Day la goi cua m�, ho g duqc goi dau dau! Be Thanh ngu chung vai bo m? tren m¢t chiec giuong lan, m? nam a giua hai bo con, be Thanh nam ben trai, con bo nam a ben phdi cua m?. M¢t hOm, bo nam sang vt tri cua m?, be Thanh khOng ch{u, ra sue day bo va n6i: "Day la goi cua m?, b6 khang duqc nam!". M? ltiy lam dac y, nghi th11'm: Dung la khang uong c{)ng minh vat vd bay lau nay, con gai van than thiet vai m? hdn, ngay cd goi cua m? cii.ng khang cha bo nam cd ma! " � ,,, },,,;/, L, ,, , � rrJu<, tht !JUI!}� r� "GU'U'C/ ftj . cJw:a.? Tlufc, ra, ciwyPf, 11.dy � c6 Liht, qua.if, 3u & vifc, bi t/uUr., vtJ& ai Mf4 tU/ vt, � 11.dy ch.Wrj ttV c6 tM t1i1y, bi � vO � n.kqy cdffl, vti � � vtJ& cdffl, !Ji.de, vt � a su haa ca vef±. Vlf, ta, 1H4t- 111fv �ttu, c.,d,a, b{, : If<#, � ffjrd!& � dui.fft, �ov � � � lclWffj tl,,t, /Uiu, ndi. . Ntu, bq,n, Wff.j tM ti..m,. /titu, '. �c, Irk to� b� � bi, m# � n.ay, My tlul tlffl, cd.ck ton, tr9ff3, . ttut.a � uw.J1j 4& t� ye.a vti � sq, tq, do clw bi. � Co bat ti�n den may ding phai xep giay dep ngay ngan Be Dudng dang ng6i nghe m� ke chuy?n o tren ghe tt!a ngoai ban cong, dqt nhien be cam thay bu6n di tieu nen vqi vang chqy vao nha v? sinh. Luc di ngang qua phimg khach, nhin thay giay dep cua mqi nguai de bita biii duoi ne'n nha, be Dttdng lie'n buqt m i?ng n6i: "Khang dung, khOng. dung r6i!". Ba n¢i dang quet nha trong phimg khach lie'n hoi: "Cai-gi khOng dung vqy con?". M¢c du dang rat bu6n di tieu nhung be Dttdng van co k�p ch¢t hai chan, ng6i xuong va nhanh ch6ng xep het giay dep Zen gia de giay. Ba n¢i nhin thay lie'n bdo: "Di v? sinh di, de Cd,c, bq.Jf/ thdy ifJy, s� � � vri yea du, aitv bi DUdltj vt trqr t� u vO cWtj ltjhibiv ldrh. Kkdi: vrltj mdJdi, /i,f,t uW., bi vt trqr t�tld�u � s�� � j ltj� NbN 11jul!/, /U1t, rf4E r1J vefi: u sai v? tr4 bi si � dtbltj sthA, � riJltj t/Wi, rf4E cluUtj vt v? tr£, ciif ltjay d � di6u, nM ffiu!.t ma, ltjuifj, /U1t, klWltj cJu[, f � � bi trOffj _giai Mtµt, . . CWfj y ,,,!,,,," � vt trtft tu;, • cJu[, , ·�7 J:bt. N� riot, jtAy kMltj rf4E day ti ba xep cho!". ; � v? tr4 � cab _ght klWltj ; Be Dudng van c¢m qli xep giay Zen gia nhu khOng nghe thay ba n6i gi, m¢c du nhf n tieu rat kh6 chfu, mid da lam tam mo hOi nhung be van kien tri xep xong giay dep Zen gia r6i moi mim cuai chqy vao nha v? sinh ... Xe"p 1� ; nhilng a6i giay dep (Je btla bat, tfong 1� ; ngan keo aa bi md ra ... do deu la c6ng vi�c cua cac be trong thOi kl nh�y cam ve tr�t f\J'. : x¥r ltjay ffj� � bp qui.It, do � : Wffj trUJ td t� � r1J J4,c, : vUt bd tr4J: .· : ta H tht k/U6t, bi nluut, V. � . . . � tluk d:tu/c- Hdi 'lualf; M- !JUUN : : � bp �du, tlrAM nht, H � v4y Hfili, kJri6t, bi : � tlt"f tlticJi, "11ti, � IWtJr, .: 4"1 ci> HUµ:-dJ.di, Hmq/Jht, � . j � tlticJi, "11ti, viii Hn, WH, �c,, � t/uic, �1"1 : j tlUclf/ � viii bm t1wt. i . . . . ..... � . . ,,..,. . -�. -.. .... .. .--. . . . ..... , · CHllO'NG 3 TH'11 Kl NH�YCAM VE TRINH Tlf (2-4 TUOI) G? � Con khong thich ong dua di, con thich m«; dua di cd! Mai sang, co giao ma:m non lq.i dung a tru0c cua lap de d6n cac be den hqc. Thuang ngay m? hay dua Tuyet den truang. Hom nay khac h&n mqi ngay, d6 la cdnh tuqng: Be Tuyet mi(lt may ph1:tng phju, mat ngan ngan n liac, mi�ng lam barn: "Con khong muon ong dua di, con muon m? dtia di Cd, con muon m? dtia con di mau giao cd!". Ong n¢i di ben cq.nh giqn tim m(lt, tuc toi n6i: "Con be nay hu qua, m? chdu di cong tac, ong chdu ta thliang ngay than thiet thl, ong lai xe may dua chdu di hqc ma chdu con khOng vui, suot dqc dtiang di cu kh6c l6c an vq., lq.i con dam bdo khOng thich ong dtia di. Con be nay, lam emg buon qua di mat!". Luc nay co giao mai n6i ve' d(lc diem thOi ki nhq.y cam ve· trqt ti! cua tre cho ong n¢i be Tuyet nghe, nghe xong ong mai nguoi giqn ... Khi trong m6i tnlilng xuat hi�n c.ic nhan to pha viJ quy lu�t trqt fr/, be se cam thiy bit an va kho chiu, chi can nguyen nllin can trd van con ton t�i thi bat ctl hanh vi an ui nao cimg deu g?p phai sf! tit chOf cua be, thg.m chi be co the vi the ma b! om. S8 PHllONG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI · THlJI Kl NH�V CAM CUA TRE Hd;ftj Kjtiy, � tU,u, d;aa, Tuyk � �c, My dA, tra th.Mlv vu4t trUtlv t� v-ti trtf,t t� btlt b� � rd«,, vM. trOffj ttf,m, tr4 trd tMnJv � tb3i,c, ft4/, tq.i, fd /du.ii cda, Tuyk, b.d/, vi,. tr# t� trd tkAftlt, tluf j, 1� tluJj, 1ueif., trd tMnJv t� HlUbt., Vi,. vefy k:JU, � � cbffj tdc., tri,;.rk t� vii, trefi: t� nAy � � c6 f� thtiy d:t4 tti,m, trtµfj cda, Tuyk vi,. tht md, t� � bi,hc, �ffj· TIWi il Hluif � vt tr# bf ala, be, re, �v � cAf' tlw> /Wt.It; x.o� oc- cdltj viii rq:, � {bf, vt � tuJj, ala, be. (jW Mtµf/ thd n.M±: Kluic­ '. Uc, W cJr.{,u vt,. tr# t� b� � · vu, cM W trat: t� ca tf.t..wc- k.Jwt, : . . . . . : � bi mhb bi,;.rk WrA 4i. (jiA..i d:bq..n, thd W. tJt bdb · vfi., trat: tr"· bi dduv ,. /- ' • • �'? MU YWffj, . : Wrtj tla(Jc, Wrtj d:Wtj ... ·; ttuµ, ya, dAy clr.btJt, /,d, � m.Jffj cda, j t;luf.c, vi cdi toi< (jiA..i d:bq..n, thd bat a cJr4- truec- uf.c., 1uy t£c, vi trefi: � tJ.t d � MnJv � � va trefi: bf rl.fu, pfuU � 4i tr4 tUl.u. Khong chi doi vdi slf v,t, th�m chi ngay chinh vdi ban than minh ciing v,y, khi an Cdm, be thich ngoi d Vi trf co dinh, m�c quan ao theo trinh ti/ nhi't dinh, th�m chi thich di b9 theo m9t 19 trinh co dinh. Th6i quen song nhl.I th€ c6 le chinh la nhu cau ve tr't ti/ n9i t�i ma be can. � M�c ao tntdc roi mdi di tat, m�c quan, cuoi cung la chai dau Be Bong dqa nay c6 gi d6 khac lam. Mai la'n ngu dqy, cha du c6 vi?c gi quan trqng den the naa, be ciing de'u can thqn mqc aa tniac, r6i mai di tat, cu6i cung mqc qwfo, xu6ng gitiong va chqy di baa m� tet t6c cha minh. M(Jt ltin, m? m uon ddn Bong ra ngoai chdi. De' cha nhanh, trang luc be Bong dang mqc aa, m� lie'n giup be mqc quan, chua dt, M.a, ; viii � JdA, tri � trOltj : � tlriJi ki, nlu!y � vt tr4C b!1 � ( i kJii dA, lut moi quan h�. Chung ta c6 the khong du nang lt;ic de nam bat nhfing tr�t tt;J'. ben trong CUa CUQC dCJ'i, nhung Chung ta deu nen biet ro: Khi thO'i kl nht moi tniCJ'ng ben ngoai c6 tr�t tt;i, giup tre xay dt;tng nen tr�t tt;i ben trong cho ban than. � T�i sao be l�i cam th3:y vui ve (jT• A • A ' d ' � V 1 mQt Vl�C gt O . M¢t ham, m� phat hi?n be Minh dang luy?n tqp do nufJc tit coc nay sang coc kia. Be Minh cam moi tay m¢t COC, trufJc tien la do nufJc tit coc ben trai sang c6c ben phai. Ai de dang do nufJc thi nufJc do ra day ban, be Minh lqp tuc lay khan ra lau ban, lau sq.ch nufJc r6i lqi tiep t!f.c luy?n tqp. Lan nay khac vai la'n truac, be Minh can thqn ke' mi?ng coc ntiOc nay sat vao mi?ng coc nuac kia r6i mai do nufJc. Ket qua la Ian nay nufJc nho ra ngoai it hdn Ian truac rat nhie'u. Be Minh hinh nhu dang lien t!f.C tong ket va thay doi vf tri do nu&. Cuoi cimg, khi do nu& tit coc nay sang coc kia, khOng con gi9t nufJc nao bf ban ra ngoai naa. M� li(mg le nhin dong hO� be Minh dii ng6i do nzi{Jc lien tlf.C dtit nhien cam thay khong thich nghi? M? Bin dqo nay rat lo Zang. Cqu con trai lon gan day khong biet tqi sao cu kh6c suot, thinh thodng nua dem tinh giac con keo tay In? di ra ngoai. Tinh trqng t6i t? nay da keo dai nua thang r6i. Bo vo dmg lo Zang, lie'n dan Bin di kham nhung Bin khong mac b?nh gi ed. Ba nqi n6i c6 the Bin hodng sq cai gi d6, moi toi truoc khi di ngu, ba thuang xoa da'u Bin va an ui, nhung each nay van kh6ng hi?u qua. Cd nha kh6ng biet phdi tam the nao. W sau, duai s« chi dan cua chuyen gia, b6 m? Bin moi tim ra duqc nguyen nhan. Thi ra m? vita mai sinh them mqt cqu be trai, de m? yen tam sinh no va a ca, ba nqi da d6n Bin a voi ba mqt thai gian ngan. De chao d6n SI! ra dai cua em be, cd nha da thay doi rat nhie'u do dung gia dinh, con chutin bi cha Bin mqt chiec giuang ddn hinh o to. Bin ve' den nha thi khong nhqn ra moi tru'ang quen thuqc cua minh, stj ngqc nhien chuyen thanh sq hai, cam thay day khong phdi la nha cua m i nh, the nen da c6 hi?n tuqng nhu tren. 62 PH If ONG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI -TH(JI Kl NHAV CAM CUA TRE N6� fwtV!j � cda, Bir& xuJ± pkdi: tU, >i.Y plul viJ WrJv trefi; ti.y bm troH.j tUi, �c- xay � trOH.j ruJt m,4t t/W& j� cUl0 kiUbt, bi Bi;t, rAJ.u, tn;y tUfy WH.j � (,d, l1iui uW., � tfuWH.j xuym k.itJ � ra- H.jodi tit & tivtv WH.j ji.M& CflAUt/ �c- vii, w trefi; ti.y fdu.c, truJv. Sty p/ul viJ trefi; ti.y bm H.jOab tlrudH.j plul viJ fty � b� � trefi; tty bm trOH.j bi,, k:ltibt,. c/w bi rAJ.u, tltJy WH.j a.If, tad.It.; tlM AAj b? fu5f& tot!-1'4 rAJ.u, tn;y lwaitj �) tti,m, trtl.#tj bit !� � . dJ� ma� tru0H.j WH.j w trefi; tt!-< NbA, tit bi Maltj mAftj fdu.c, : . : v1if trOH.j ruJt m4t tlUJ& ji.M& rJA4 : cMc, ckM, rd& ciul j � bi tJti� : • >I:(- trttDf.tj tlWdt, wt. ti,ffl, /.Uiu tkt : j JW� XWfj 1wutft, ,e, b? J� rtix. � Ngay ti/ Ilic co n nhO, be da yeu cau nhtlng thll xung quanh minh phai c6 tr�t ti/ co djnh. CC"" (� Khi tr�t ti/ nay bf -=--- � pha vd, nhll thay doi ch& ngu ho�c moi trllong xung quanh, be se cam thiy bit an, th�m chi quay khoc mgt each ki I�. � T.µ sao be I.µ bi "b�nh I�' trong khi di du ljch? Cd nha be An di du ljch, day la la·n da"u tien trong doi An du� k:Jrih& cko bi Aft; m1t t1i cduv 3iM aJ!, tom ma, bi w&r, cduv tMy lli rtjd trbt, cJrik !W� c.Wv ut1l'th Mdt t1i cduv jiM tU(, to� � cJw tr# tr,y b� troftj c.Wv bi Aft; bf,, rJ:M f.?Y4 ff4� td,m, Kdy >� � mdu, � tdY4 � � dltj XUftj �t nAy f1j 0 u dJ,u, kUu, ala, mbt ch// bbrlv . . . ltM M, � tluµ:, cMt: U Wrtj : � Tuy � w ckudrtj ffjqi, . �c, dD b6 tltk ch// b� f4_, cllJfj . � � ,e, bib& m1t. V£. � HAy dA, cko thJy ;Uc, : � cWv tref,t tr,y tYOffj tltiJ� � i rclu!.y cduv ala, trl Tri fd f� Ydb j W& tl4 3w& bm, troffj Cd tnt l14!J j � bik ck m.J& CflAAJt/ � tlwrtj j qua, tr# � 3idi;., 113t.W4 ft,f v#, ft,f � lli,f,c, trOffj mbb tradffj bbl, ftj0d_4 j Mffj thd& kfut.c, ;d.u,, vd.o trOffj tr£. j w. Sq, ciuAy� bib& ta tref,t tr,y bm, j ffjOdj, � tref,t tr,y bbl, trOffj HAy j Mffj rtjhUv vdb vi,f.c, WY(; ffjudb cb j tht tfila � tlut cdJ, to4 d:brtj � thd& chi,, ptr,J& ttJ± d uf.c, WtJv tik. j . . ··· · ···· · ··· · ····· · · ···· ···· ···· · · · · · · · · · ······· · · · · CHU'IJNG 3 THOI Kl NH�YCAM VE TRINH W (2-4 TUOI) � T�i sao be tra e bu&ng binh? Be Hoa cang ngay cang tra nen buang binh, cu vi�c gi thich la lam, ch&ng ai c6 the' khuyen bdo du � �;, cda, be. Saa kJti, !jW aotµt, bUlfltj blltit,, � 1ua, & fl- f,d, !jW tlotµt, ffif4y cIY fwd.Jc, mi; Wftj mu.On, xuk � m,pt ckdt ,a,i, >6t ltdo; tUp-t.W 4i nMj /e¥f., � yeu, du, 1Uf' tJ,c, f&t, du, � 114... CIWtJt, trOltj 1w£ trUtlr,, truOHj tftd.Hk • cb trUtlr,, hf n.ay, bi � � � ftbt, � � cMt vd, t� cMt i . i � Cam giac tr�t ti/ cua fre M ngu6n tit khat vc;mg kiem soat moi � trllong xung quanh, khat v9ng kiem soat nay bat ngu6n tit slf sq � hai chlla r6. Cu9c so'ng co tr�t ti/ se khien be cam thiy an toan va ; ngllgc l�i. l PHUONG PHAP GIAO DVC MONTESSORI - THa! Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE Lam sao cte cu xit hoa bin_� vai be dang trong giai cto�n nh�y cam ve tr�t ti! � Giai do�n Sd sinh: Giai do�n tich hiy cho cam giac tr�t ttj Tre so sinh den v&i the gi&i nay trong m<)t S\,f song c6 tr�t t\,f, c6 yeu du rat l&n doi v&i nhung tr�t t\,f ben ngoai. Nhung khi tre so sinh tu m<)t the gi&i don gian trong tu cung cua mt; den v&i the gi6'i ph6n hoa day phuc t�p nay, be khong biet gi ve moi truO'ng xung quanh, co the non n&t ding chua phat trien hoan thi�n, nam trong chiec noi CUa minh, be khao khat IDQt CUQC song CO tr�t t\,f Va don gian, dieu nay CO lc;ii cho be nMn thuc, tim hieu va nam Mt moi truO'ng m6'i. Cam giac tr�t ti/ c6 thl khien be cam thiy vui ve, hllo hllng, de chju. N6 ciing la nhilng yeu CBU tinh cam Cd ban cua con ngLloi trong cu(lc dot, hinh thai thl hi�n chfnh la cam gic v&i nhtp song cua m�. Sau khi be ra dai, nguai m� chiim soc co dtnh cang khi€n be cam thay an toan, dong thai co lqi cho slj hinh thanh moi quan h� than thiet giua be v&i nhung nguai than. Kinh nghi�m song vien man trong thang nay chinh la nen tang tot cha moi quan M xa hoi ca dai cua be, tat ca nhung thu nay deu co lqi cha be xay dl,ing tr�t tlj hoan chinh cho minh. Do v�y, tru truang hqp bat kha khang, con l:;ii vi�c each li tre m&i sinh va m� la khong khoa hQC, VO nhan d:;io, khong phu hqp v&i yeu cau phat trien nhan tinh. Khong dui t:;ii de de dang thich nghi Vdi moi tru(ing va CUQC song mdi. Chi khi tre sa sinh lam quen duqc v&i moi trubng Va CUQC song mdi, thi mdi CO the bat dau nam bat va tim hieu ve moi tru(ing Va CUQC song ay. Ngoy noo ta ding , . c1" I t�p the dl}c vm m� oy. PHlfGNG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI -THal Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massage khien be cam t�ay an toan han M\lc dich tro chC1i: Vi�c massage theo trinh t\i cho be c6 the tang cuang • • kich thich ca� giac, c6 li ngU:O'i trong gia dinh co the danh rieng m(>t khu Vljc vui chdi cho be, sau • do chuan bi m(>t di gia de do chdi, phan lo�i va xep g<;>n gang de do chO'i vao tung ndi rieng bi�t, vi d\l: bong d�t vao m(>t cai SQt rieng, de mon do chdi CO kich thU:6'c • 16'n d�t vao m(>t cai SQt rieng, de lo�i sach khong rach d�t vao m(>t SQt rieng ... 0 Moi Ian ke chuy�n cho be nghe xong, b�n co the bao be d�t cuon sach tr& l�i tj tri ban dau. 0 Moi lfo be choi bong xong, nguO'i 16'n co the giup be cat qua bong tr& ve • • vt tri cii. 0 M�c du be con it tuoi nhung moi lan chO'i xong, ngU:O'i 16'n co the dung gic;mg di�u nhiic nha, gqi y de be cat do chO'i ve cho cii, giup be xay dl,ing cam giac tr�t tl,i tot. 0 Sau khi be choi do choi xong, bo m� can noi v6'i be: "Cha, con chO'i vui qua nhi!", dong thO'i bo sung them m(>t cau: "Do chO'i ciing can phai ve nha di ngu roi. Nao, hai m� con minh cung thu d9n do chO'i nhe!", lam nhu: v�y co the de dang ket hqp giua vi�c vui chdi cua be va vi�c d�y do be sap xep do chdi g<;>n gang. Dang sau vi�c cat do chdi ve cho cii la th6i quen t* ti/ can thiet cho be. Nhung vdi nhilng be dtldi ba tuoi, cam giac tr�t ti/ nay chlla phat trien day du, can c6 bo m� d ben c�nh de chi bcio va d�y do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHU'aNG PHAP GIAO DVC MONTESSORI -THGI Kl NH�Y CAM CUA TRE � Giai do�n tho au; Thbi Id bung phat nhu c u thoa man cam giac tr�t � cua be Tre nho c6 nhu cau an toan VO dmg manh li�t, be can m(lt moi tn:idng c6 tr�t tlj de giup be nMn thuc slj v�t, lam quen v&i moi tn:iC1ng xung quanh. Cam giac tr�t tlj se dan dan tang len dmg v&i slj tniO'ng thanh cua tre, chuyen h6a thanh cam giac an toan, cam giac c6 noi c6 chon trong tam li tre. Bao do nghien cuu tam li xa h(li cua Mi da cha thay, neu tre tu 3-4 tuoi c6 th6i quen tr�t tlj sinh ho�t tot, thi khi 6 tuoi tr<'>' len, be se de dang hoa dong va thoai mai trong cac moi quan M xa giao, t�p the. 2-4 tuoi la thC1i kl cam giac tr�t t\i ca the cua be phat trien nhanh. Cha m� nen thu�n theo cam giac tr�t t\i van c6 cua be, thoa man nhu cau bung phat trong thdi kl nh(;ly cam nay cua be, boi duang nen th6i quen sinh ho(;lt tr�t tlj, h<;ip li, giup be yeu quy moi trlidng Va CUQC song CUa minh. Trang qua trinh truO'ng thanh cua be, cha m� nen Mt dau tu nhung chi tiet sinh ho(;lt nho nh�t, chu y llja chc;m cac each thuc boi duang hanh vi tr�t tlj tot cha be; dong thdi can phai t�o ra m(lt moi trlidng gia dinh yen tinh, de chtu, thu vi va c6 tr�t tlj cha be, luc nao cung can chu y d�y baa, nMc nh&, giup be c6 hanh vi xay d\fng tr�t t\i tot. Phong ctia be can s�ch se. gq111 gang, cfo cf�c xep ngan nap, co tr't tlj, day chinb la diell lki9n can thiet ere .xay dllng cam giac �t ti/ �bo be. NhDng be c6 cam giac tr�t td cao se c6 yell Call tilling 461 caD d@ VD] bfln than, moi ruong xung quanh va trinh tv xii i van ae c a ban than, . Nguyen tac boi dllang cam giac tr�t ti! cho tre Bai duang cam gidc trqt tlj cho be th6ng qua CUQC song va moi trliang c6 trqt tlj. T�o ra m<)t m6i truang song co nen nep va tr?t tt;i cho be la tien de de boi duong nen cam giac tr?t tt;i. Cu<)c song co tr?t tt;i, nen nep bao gom: M<)t la, lam vi�c va nghi ngdi co quy lu?t: Trong CUQC song hang ngay, cha m� can sap xep cho be m<)t thai gian bieu an uong, ngu nghi hQ'p li, khoa h9c va co dinh, dong thai nhilc nh6' be tuan thu theo thai gian bieu nay. Lam nhli v?y kh6ng chi co lQ'i cho st;! trli6'ng thanh cua be ma con t�o nen mong cho vi�c hinh thanh quan ni�m ve thai gian va thoi quen tr?t tt;i cho be. Hai la, m6i trliang gia dinh s�ch se va co tr?t tt;i: Cac do v?t trong nha can xep gc;m gang, ngay ngan, do da dung xong thi phcli cat ve cha cu. Ngoai ra, cac be dti6'i ba tuoi dang c'1 trong giai do� tiep thu theo tiem thuc, m<)t khi be da quen v6'i m6i truang co tr?t tt;i, tt;i nhien be se hinh thanh nen thoi quen ngan nap. Thuang ngay, cha m� nen co vii be tt;i cat do chdi, sach v6'; cho du be co ve "vvng ve ", long ng6ng, cha m? cung kh6ng nen mang mo, chi trich ma nen kien nhtin huang dan va thuong xuyen khen ngQ'i be. Ba la, kh6ng khi gia dinh hoa thu?n: Chi khi cac thanh vien trong gia dinh hoa thu?fl, yeu thtidng va ton tr<;>ng Ian nhau, thi m6'i co the thuc day be hinh thanh tam li theo duoi st;i van minh, tr?t tt;i tot d�p. Chi khi an nghi co quy lu?t, m6i truang s�ch se va khong khi gia dinh hoa thu?fl, thi m6'i CO the thoa man dtiQ'C yeu Cclu bilng phat trong thai kl nh�y cam ve tr?t tt;i cua be. Bai duang cam giac trq.t ti! cho be th6ng qua cac chi tiet trong CUQC song va cac hoqt d(Jng tqp tht Cha m� con can chu y den nhii'ng chi tiet trong CUQC song, boi dtiong cam giac tr?t tt;i cho be ngay tit nhii'ng chuy�n nho nh�t. Vi d\l: Vao nha la thay dep le di trong nha va xep giay dep ngan nap, sau khi rua tay va lau kh6 tay can phdi khan m�t ve cha cu, bat dua trong nha hep can sap xep ngay ngan theo tr?t tl;i. Cha m� co the boi duong cho be thoi quen g<;>n gang trong CUQC song ngay tu nhii'ng chuy�n tti6'ng nhti nho nh�t nay. Ngoai ra, cha m� con nen thuang xuyen dan be di tham gia cac ho�t d<)ng t?p the, de be hinh thanh nen y thuc ve quy tac trong qua trinh tiep xuc v6'i nhii'ng ngliai xung quanh. Vi d\l: Khi chdi cau trliQ't, m� nen bao be tt;i giac xep hang, nguai den tru6'c chdi trli6'c, den sau choi sau, kh6ng dtiQ'c chen Ian, x6 day. Co nhii'ng chuy�n nho nh�t trong CUQC song nhting l�i CO the thoa man nhu cau bung phat trong th(Ji kl nh�y cam Ve tr?t tl,f cua be. 70 PHllQNG PHAP GIAO D�C MONTESSORI -THCJI Kl NH�V CAM CUA TRE BO'i duang cam giac trqt tif cha be thOng qua cac quy tac a ndi cong c¢ng. Moi nO'i cong c(mg deu c6 nhung quy tac rieng, yeu cau m<;>i nguai phai tlj giac tuan thu. Vi dl,l: Khi qua duang phai tuan thu quy tac giao thong; khi len xe buft phai xep hang, d<;1i nguai (j tren xe xuong bet m6i len, thai d9 van minh, Itch sl;i; khi di cong vien khong du' n6i v6'i be: "Nha cua bua b9n qua, th�t kh6 chiu, con giup m� m9t tay, chung ta cling d9n d�p nha cua nhe!''. 0 Du6'i slj giup do cua m�, be xep giay dep thanh tung doi roi d�t l(:li gia de • giay dep. 0 Sap xep nhfing chiec ghe 19n XQn l(:li ben qnh ban. 0 Sap xep l(:li dong do choi hon d9n vao tung SQt rieng bi�t. 0 Thu d9n xong trong phong khach, m� c6 the dan be di vao nha bep, CJ day da • chuan bi san mQt SO V�t d1,mg don gian Va khong nguy hiem de be sap xep l(:li cho • g<;>n gang. 0 D�t nhfing nap vung vao dung cai n6i tuong ling, xep l<;li cac 19 gia vi vao dung • vi tri va cho rac vao thung rac. 0 Khi be thu d9n, m� co y lam tMt ch�m rai, quan sat xem be c6 d�t do v�t vao : dung vi tri khong, c6 the co y khong biet de hoi be, nang cao hung thu dc;m d�p • cho be. 0 Khi choi tro choi can chu y den van de an toan cho be, dori, cko r�: Nht, ffju:di, {Qn, kltoffj tht C1AJ1j � mPt J4Wi, tru:dffj c6 trefi: ay ···� l cko tr� c6 tht tri ,e, kltoffj c6 nhr, tAAj ctt � � tri, JW;, tJt cd£, m,Ji, 1(,(Af(, M, Kiri tri l . : l tt(, ta� � nht, trefi: tq-, n_pi, � tt(, J4Wi, trudffj XWfj 1� fd fUUtj vii, tr[, t'4 cWtj j • • 1 tWfj bunc;, �(/ cJa � 1 • ! TYOffj tdm, (,[, cUtv /'l{}i, tfdti., tri dJ,u, UJ� cdJM, JW;, trefi: tiy ut.dJtk, � ttl, /,de, ra, ridi,. ! : : l C-dm, JW;, trefi; ttY U mPt troffj � Hjtdn, J�c;, cdtv cdJM, JW;, Aft, to� U nhr, tAAj � l : • ! � j tfuic, d:tf.,o tUk, cdtv bi Nht, cka., � kltoffj /Ula �c;, tdm, (,[, vii, luiJ-rk, vi, tfq:c, bi# cdtv ! : l bi troffj tlWi, � � cdJM, vt trefi: tiff JUim, � r� bi "W wrlr/� "�c;, clrJiu 1ud- rirrlv l : : : . : l ha" mti, � b� � MW, �ch£ tr� i{" cd£, � Wrj tWv � cdtv b� � � l • : : . ! pM, va cdJM, Jw, trefi: tq-, cdtv bi.. tltk kltoffj ch£ ffj� cM., >q-, the,, Mi, ma du.uUt, vii, rq-, ! : � � : • , /wdit, mz, cdtv b� mti, c0n, b6fY ff3k¢ � m.Jff3 cdJM, Ji.de, ttY Ji.de, cdtv tr� Jdf tru Hjf!.i c1io 1 • vifc, plufi: tribv d:tf.,o tUk, vii, tud;t, tltd 1Uf td£, cdtv bi rau ruiy. ! : : . C-dm, Jw, : . trefi: ttY U mPt nJut, cda cdtv rq-, >�Hj- ch£ dJ,n, vii, b6i, � : MHj r1Wtj d»v trOHj tlWi, � � cdJM, cdtv bi ,e, � cko niiHV � . : . : . vui, the,, bi d c4c, rid4 dtffj tlWi, � � ctbi, cdJJv cko rq-, trUliffj � . °Con � � ::�:,� ; ··; ; · : · ·; ;· ; ·: ·: :· : : ··: :·: :·: : : · ·: : : : ·: :· · ··;; ··; ;·• ·: 6 t:IW..nJv rau HJiy cdtv bi ... 1 : cho bUP . CHlfCJNG 3 THcll KI NH�YdMV(TRINH T1/(2-4TU61) ?B • , , I I I I I I I I I ..,. ,' , , " " --------- ... _ _ _ - - - --- - - .... --- .... ... _ ' ' ' ' Chuo�g 4 ' ' • ' ' \ \ \ I THOI Kl N�Y cAM VE cAM QUA I I Al I ' (0-6 TUOI) I • • • I • I • Trong cu(>c song, con ngu<'1i luon luon phai dung den cac i , • ca quan cam giac nhti: th! giac, thinh giac, khuu giac, xuc giac va vt , I • , '. giac de tien hanh thu tMp, chinh li va luu gill thong tin, dong thai I I \ I .. thong qua st;l v�n d(>ng cua cac CCi quan cam giac de bieu GC;lt I \ chinh xac ra ben ngoai. I ' \ ' I \ H� thong nam cei quan cam giac cua CCi the: nghe, , , \ nhin, ngui, nem, s<'1 ... doi v&i be khong chi la m(>t ' ,, phan cUa stj phat tri€n sinh Ii tlj nhien ma cOn Ia • •, con dti<'1ng nh�n thuc the gi&i, ciing la nen , , ' , , , ' , tang cho st;l h9c hoi cua be. B&i vi st;l ' • '�, phat trien clla cac giac quan chinh ,�' ' , ',, la kh&i dau cua st;l phat trien / ' , ·· . . ng d rnn n / . .. .... .... ,_.II' .... ....,.. ..,.""