🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook Giáo trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành tin học - English for computing Ebooks Nhóm Zalo OI o • . sơ GIAO DUC VA ĐAO TAO HÀ NÔI GIÁO TRÌNH Tiéng Anh chuyên ngành tin học Englishtor Computing DUNG TRONG CÁC TRƯƠNG TRUNG HOC CHUYÊN NGHIÊP ± ♦ \ 1 IHÀ XUẤT Bí ANỘI Ể K Ế Ể ' í SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HÀ NỘI NGUYỄN THỊ VÂN «Chủ biên) TRẦN THỊ PHƯƠNG MAI GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH TIN HỌC ENGLISH FOR COMPUTING (Dùng trong các trường THCN) NHÀ XUẤT BẢN HÀ NỘI - 2007 Lời giới thiệu A 7 ước ta đang bước vào thời kỳ công nghiệp hóa, hiện 1 V đại hóa nhằm đưa Việt Nam trở thành nước công nghiệp văn minh, hiện đại. Trong sự nghiệp cách mạng to lớn đó, công tác dào tạo nhân lực luôn giữ vai trô quan trọng. Báo cáo Chính trị của Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sán Việt Nam tại Đại hội Đàng toàn quốc lần thứ IX dã chỉ rõ: “Phát triển giáo dục và đào tạo là một trong những động lực quan trọng thúc đẩy sự nghiệp công nghiệp hỏa, hiện đại hóa, là điều kiện để phát triển nguồn lực con người - yếu tố cơ bản để phát triển xã hội, tăng trưởng kinh tế nhanh và bền vững”. Quán triệt chủ trương, Nghị quyết của Đảng và Nlìà nước và nhận thức đúng đơn về tầm quan trọng của chương trình, Sịicio trình đối với việc nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo, theo dề nghị của Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo Hà Nội, ngày 23/9/2003, Úy ban nhân dân thành p h ố Hà Nội dã rơ Quyết đinh số 5620/QĐ-UB cho phép Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo thực hiện đề án biên soạn chương trình, giáo trình trong các trường Trung học chuyên nghiệp (THCN) Hà Nội. Quyết định này thể hiện sự quan tâm sâu sắc của Thành ủy, UBND thành p h ố trong việc nâng cao chất lượiĩg đào tạo và phát triển nguồn nhân lực Thủ đô. Trên cơ sở chương trình khung của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo bơn lĩành và những kinh nghiệm rút ra từ thực tè'dào tạo, Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo đã chỉ đạo các trường THCN rổ chức biên soạn chương trình, giáo trình một cách khoa học, hệ thống và cập nhật những kiến thức thực tiễn phù hợp với dối tượng học sinh THCN Hà Nội. Bộ giáo trình này là tài liệu giang dạy và học tập trong các trường THCN ở Hù Nội, dồng thời là tài liệu tham kháo hữu ích cho các trường có đào tạo các ngành kỹ thuật - nghiệp vụ và đông đáo bạn đọc quan tâm đến vấn để hướng nghiệp, dạy nghề. Việc tổ chức biên soạn bộ chương trình, giáo trình này lả một trong nhiều hoạt động thiết thực của ngành giáo dục và đào tạo Thủ đô đ ể kỷ niệm “50 năm giải phóng Thủ đô ”, “SO năm thành lập ngành ” và hướng tới kỷ niệm “1000 núm Thăng Long - Hà N ộ i”. Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo Hù Nội chân thành cám ơn Thành ủy, UBND, các sở, ban, ngành của Thành phố, Vụ Giáo dục chuyên nghiệp Bộ Giáo dục vả Đào tạo, các nhà khoa học, các chuyên gia đầu ngành, các giáng viên, các nhà quán lý, các nhà doanh nghiệp đã tạo điều kiện giúp đỡ, đóng góp ỷ kiến, tham gia Hội dồng phản biện, Hội đồng thẩm định và Hội đồng nghiệm thu các chương trình, giáo trình. Đây là lần đầu tiên Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo Hà Nội tổ chức biên soạn chương trình, giáo trình. Dù đã hết sức cố gắng nhưng chắc chắn không tránh khỏi thiếu sót, bất cập. Chúng tôi mong nhận dược những ỷ kiến dóng góp của bạn đọc đ ể từng bước hoàn thiện bộ giáo trình trong các lần tái bấn sau. GIÁM ĐỐC SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO 4 INTRODUCTION Aims o f the course English for computer is a course book in English designed for students who are learning course on computing application. The book covers the four language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, as well as improving pronunciation and building vocabulary. Particular emphasis is placed on reading. The primary goal of the course is to provide grammatical knowledge, some technical terms, words belonging to the computing area, that is, to better the students' ability to use the language according to the professional situations and apply to practical job. Course length The course contains 180 classes in the two last semesters in the college. There are 75 theoretical classes, 95 practical classes and 10 tests for the whole course. The content o f the course The book is divided into 15 main units and 3 review units. Each main unit focuses on a topic related to a professional situation and follows the same teaching sequence. 1. Structure of a main unit Presentation includes suggested questions aiming to provide useful information involved in the topic given in the unit and to develop vocabulary as well as speaking skill. Language Study The new grammar of each unit is presented and is followed by practice activities. Different kinds of exercises for speaking and grammatical drills such as pair work, group work, or role-play provide more opportunity for student practice of the new language items that have just been presented. Vocabulary develops students' vocabulary through a variety of interesting tasks, such as word map and collocation exercises. Vocabulary activities are usually followed by written or oral practice that helps students understand how to use the vocabulary in context. Listening the listening activities develop a wide variety of listening skills, including listening for gist,’ listening for details and inferring meaning from context. Charts or graphics are often accompany red with these task-base exercises to lend support to students. Speaking teaches students how to present an issue. Speaking tasks involve the use of the new structures and words at the same time concentrate on the topic of the unit. Reading the reading has two parts: a text and introduction to different kinds of computer and their component. The Readings develop a variety of reading skills, including reading for details, skimming, scanning and making inferences. Sometimes included are pre-reading and post-reading questions in which the topic of the reading is used as a springboard to discussion. Writing the writing exercises include practical writing tasks that extent and reinforce the teaching points in the unit and help develop students' writing skills. 2. Review units The review units consolidate the students' knowledge learned from four previous units with a variety of practical exercises. Keys, wordlist and appendix are at the back of the book as the reference for teacher; and students. 77/r method o f study English fo r computer teaches students how to use English for very popular professional situations. Students are provided with useful language from the course book. In addition, students have the opportunity to personalize the language they have learnt, make use of their own language and experiences and express their ideas and opinions. In order to learn the most effectively, students must be hard-working, active, try to read more references and to memorize vocabulary as well. Outside the classroom practice is also a good method learning. 6 S ection 1 COMPUTERS Unit 1 WHAT IS A COMPUTER? Objectives - Understand and know how to use words and expression related to computer - Can use the passive form well. - Can describe a computer system by using words , expressions and grammartical structures. Contents Reading: Read about some background of computer. L istening: Listen to people talking about how they use computers at work Speaking : Discuss how computers are used at home, outside work Writing : Complete a paragraph about computer uses. Language study The passive 8 WARM UP ACTIVITY In pairs, label the elements o f this computer system. Then read the text to check your answer. k 6»'; i t t-'k. »-pfti * 1 t ' i t i ï m '■* ^ ] f n i r r t i t t ¡»*1 i b i U « « * p ? ? i t t r m t * t ? *» % > ¿ ; .* .* *: f * f s W f fc t-_ irb * *»{395iS V ? • ‘ ü a- ca? x fc i î m * READING /?earf f/ie follow ing text and do the exercise. A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one of two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating number, letters, and characters. The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores. The basic job of computer is the processing of information. Three basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computer’s memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form. Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardw are. Computers have many remarkable powers. However, most computers, whether large or small have three basic capabilities. First, computer has circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computer has a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. However, certain computer (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers ) are used to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical instruments, etc. A standard computer system consists of three "main sections: The centre processing unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals. Task 1 Decide whether the follow ing statements are true or false (T/F) by referring to the information in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false statement becomes true. information to do so. f 10 2. All computers accept and process information in the form of instructions and characters. 3. The information necessary for solving problems is found in the memory of the computer. 4. Not all computers can perform arithmetic operations, make decisions and communicate in some ways with the user. 5. Computers can still be useful machines even if they can’t communicate with the user. 6. There are many different devices used for feeding information into a computer. 7. There aren’t as many different types of devices used for giving results as there are for accepting information. 8. Computers can make any type of decision they are asked to. 9. Computers can work endlessly without having to stop to rest unless there is a breakdown. LISTENING AND WRITING Task 2 Before listening, answer these questions 1. Have you got a computer at home, school or work? What kind is it? 2. How often do you use it? What do you use it for? Task 3 Listen to these people talking about how they use computers at work and write each speaker's job in the table. Electrical engineer secretary librarian composer Speaker Job What they use computer fo r 1 2 3 4 Task 4 Now listen again and write what each speaker uses their com puter for. SPEAKING Task 5 The article states that ‘many computers in people's homes are ju s t used to play computer gam es'. Discuss the following questions: 12 WRITING Task 6 V f ~ o( ,v 7 '' Match the places in column A with the computer uses in column B. A B Banks control machines o Factories calculate the bill ~f > - I- Homes " look after patient records and medicine Hospitals provide entertainment and information Shops " control our money Task 7 Now read the paragraph and use the phrases in column B to fill in the gaps. Computers are now part of our everyday life. In shops, they (1) ............... In factories, they ( 2 )........................................ In ( 3 ) ..........................................they look after patient records and medicines. When we have a bank account, a computer ( 4 ).....................In our homes, computers (5 )................................. LANGUAGE STUDY The passive Passives are very common in technical writing where we are more interested in facts, processes, and events than in people. We form the passive by using the appropriate tenses of the verb to be followed by the past participle of the verb we are using. Examples Active 1. We sell computers, (simple present) 2. Babbage invented ‘ The Analytical Engine’, (simple past) Passive 1 Computers are sold 2 “The Analytical Engine” was invented in 1830. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ - u \ - j 13 Task 8 Read the text below, which describes the insurance company's procedure fo r dealing with PC-users' problems. Fill in the gaps using the correct form o f the verb in brackets. All c alls.............. are registered.................(register) by the Help Desk staff. Each c a ll............ 2 ........... (evaluate) and th e n ................. 3 ..............(allocate) to the relevant support group. If a visit .....................4 ..................... (require) , the user ..................5 ................ (contact) by telephone, and an appointment ................. 6 .................. (arrange) . Most c a lls.................. 7 ................. (deal with) within one working day. In the event of the major problem requiring the removal of a user’s PC, a replacement can usually.................8 ..............(supply). Task 9 Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the appropriate fo rm o f the verb in brackets. 1 The part of the processor which controls data transfers between the various input and output devices ..........(call) the control unit. 2 The address bus ...J.LUAid.......................... (use) to send address details between the memory and the address register. 3 The pixel positions ......................(pass on) to the computer’s pattern recognition software. 4 An operating system ..Js.MOA.U...................(store) on disk. 5 Instructions written in a high-level language................................................ (transform) into machine code. 6 In the star configuration, all processing and control functions.................. (perform) by the central computer 7 When a document arrives in the mail room, the envelope.................i..... (open) by a machine. 8 Once the index .................. (store) , a temporary key number ...................(generate) and ..................(write) on the document. Task 10 Fill in the gaps in the follow ing sentences using the appropriate fo rm o f the verb in brackets. 1. Microsoft was founded (found) by Bill Gates. 14 2. C language (develop) in the 1970s. 3. During the period, enormous advances ....HhnJ.L (make) in computer technology. 4. The following year, twice as many PCs 5. In the 1980s, at least 100.000 LANs ... laboratories and offices around the world. (sell). (set up) in 6. The first digital computer ........(build) by the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. 7. Last year, more software companies .... .................................. (launch) than ever before. 8. IBM’s decision not to continue manufacturing m ainfram es....................... (reverse) the year after i t ........................(take). PRACTICE Task 11 Fill in each blank with the appropriate form o f the words W ?. 7. operation, operate, operator, operational, operationally, operating a. A computer can perform arithmetical very quickly. b. One of the first person to note that the computer is malfunctioning is the computer ............ c. The job of a computer operator is t o . . ................... the various machines in a computer installation. 15 d. The new machines in the computer installation are not yet..1.1 2. acceptable, accept, acceptance , accepted, acceptably a. A computer is a device w hich..............................processes and gives out information. b. The students are still waiting for their ............. ................ into the Computer Science program. c. It \s...C.!x.:il’.iCii-k.......to work without a template if the flowcharts are not kept on file. 3. solution solve solvable solver a. It may take a lot of time to find a..............................to a complex problem in programming. b. A computer can...1.1.,.!..................a problem faster than any human being. c. A computer has often been referred to as a problem................... 4. remark remarkable remarkably remarked a. Today’s computers a re ..............................faster than their preescessors. b. System analysts will often make.............................. about existing programs so as to help make the operations more efficient c. There have been............. ................developments in the field of computer science in the last decade. 5. communication communicate communicable communicative communicably a. A computer must be able to..............................with the user. b. Fiber optics is a new development in the field of............................. c. Some people working in computer installations aren’t very..............................because they are shy Task 12 Fill in the gaps in this paragraph with a/ an or the where necessary. The Walsh family have .............................. computer at home. Their son uses ............................... computer to he|p with..................................... homework 16 and to play.............................. computer games. Their students daughter uses..............................computer for ..............................projects and for ..............................email. All..............................family use it to get............... information from..............................Internet. Data Processing Result On the monitor Or in printed form Task 13 Use the information in the text and the diagram to help you match the terms in the box with the appropriate explanation or definition below software peripheral devices monitor floppy disk hardware input port output center processing unit 1. The brain of the computer. < i t 2. Physical parts that make up a computer system. 17 3. Programs which can be used on a particular computer system. 4. The information which is presented to the computer. 5. Results produced by a computer. ^ CU-i 6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU. 4- r' ' 7. Visual display unit 8. Small device used to store information. Same as ‘diskette’, ‘a 9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may be connected. Task 14 Fill in the blanks with the correct form o f the verbs in brackets. . 11 1. Various terminals (connect)......:.UJ.t*.to this workstation. 2. Microcomputers (know) .......as ‘PCs’. 3. Magazines (typeset) by computers. 4. When a particular program is run, the data (process) by the computer rapidly. ( 5. Hard disks (use) ¿Hi.... J..;................. for the permanent storage of information. 6. The drug- detecting test in the Tour de France (support) ................... by computers. 7. All the activities of the computer system (coordinate) ............ ...... ... by the central processing unit. a /( 8. In some moderm systems information (hold) .S..;.......................... in optical disks. Task 15 Complete the follow ing passage with correct fo rm a suitable verbs fro m the box. worry write own take be forget predict do bring learn talk ask arouse continue decide 18 Nowadays, computers play an increasingly important role in all fields. And so, good or bad, computers..............................now part of our daily lives. With the price of a small home computer now as low as $.500, experts............... that before long all schools and businesses and most families in the richer parts of the world will..............................a computer of some kinds.Among the general public, com puters................................... strong feelings people either love them or hate them. The computer- lovers ................ about how useful computers can be in business, in education and in the home, apart from all the games you can..............................your accounts on them, learn languages from them, ..............................letters on them, use them to control your central heating, and in some places even do your shopping with them. Computers, they can say, will also............................................ more leisure, as more and unpleasant jobs are.................................. over by computerized robots. The haters, on the other hand, argue that computers bring not leisure but unemployment. They.............. ...............,too, that people who spend all their time talking to computers w ill.............................how to talk to each other. And anyway, they.............................., what’s wrong with going shopping, using pens and paper and typewriters, and..............................languages in classrooms with real teachers? But their biggest fear is that computers may eventually take over from human beings all together. And so the arguments................................. Have you......................... which side are you on ? Task 16 Translate into Vietnamese It is the incredible speed of computers along with their memory capacity that makes them too useful and valuable. Computers can solve problems in a fraction of time it takes man. For this reason, businesses use them to keep their accounts, and airlines, train lines and bus lines use them to keep track of ticket sales. As for memory, model computers can store information with high accuracy and reliability. A computer can put data into its “memory” and retrieve it again in a few millionths of a second. It also has a storage capacity for as many as a million items. 19 Task 17 Translate into English Trong những thập niên vừa qua , khoa học và kỹ thuật đã thay đổi cuộc sống của con người một cách đáng kể. Máy tính, điện thoại, vô tuyến truyền thanh, vô tuyến truyền hình và những thành tựu khoa học to lớn khác đã ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến cuộc sống hằng ngày của chúng ta. Tuy nhiên điều quan trọng là chúng ta phải luôn luôn ứng dụng những thành tựu này vì mục đích hoà bình và vì lợi ích của toàn nhân loại. NEW WORDS intricate (Adj) rắc rối, phức tạp magnetize (v) từ hoá demagnetize (v) khử từ State (n) trạng thái core (n) lõi character (n) ký tự 20 input(v) nhap output(v) xuait data (n) dir li6u screen (n) man hinh hi^n thi software (n) ph&n m6m hardware (n) phan ciing circuit (n) mach arithmetic (n) so hoc exponentiation (n) luy thira navigation (n) khong qu&n centre processing unit (CPU) bo xir ly trung tarn peripheral devices (n) thiet bi ngoai vi instruction (n) lenh evaluate (n) danh gia LAN (n) mang cuc bo digital computer (n) may tfnh ky thuat s6 mainframe (n) dan may chu flowcharts (n) bieu do tien trinh fiber optics (n) sai quang processor (n) bo xu ly monitor (n) man hinh floppy disk (n) o dTa m6m diskette (n) dla mem hard disk (n) dla ciing connect(v) ket noi workstation (n) mang cuc b6 optical disk (n) dTa quang hoc leisure (n) ranh r6i fraction of time (n) chia nho thoi gian accuracy (n) chinh xac storage capacity (n) kha nang liru trir Unit 2 WHAT IS INSIDE A COMPUTER? Objectives - Understand and know how to use words and expression related to computer components - Identify each component’ capability and function. - Know how to use relative clause with ‘which’ Contents Reading: Read about computer components ‘hardware’ Listening : Listen and complete the diagram of computer system. Speaking : Talk about computers Writing ' Write about computer components Language study: Relative clauses 22 WARM UP ACTIVITY A. Read the advertisement and translate the technical specifications into your own language. • Intel 500 MHz Pentium III microprocessor • 64 megabytes of RAM, upgradable to 768 • 9 GB hard disk • Comes with Microsoft Windows 23 B. Try to answer these questions ( I f necessary look at the Glossary). 1. What is the main function of a microprocessor? 2. What unit of frequency is used to measure processor speed? 3. What does 'RAM' stand for? READING Task 1 Read the text and do exercise below. The nerve centre of a microcomputer is the central processing unit or CPU. This unit is built into a single microprocessor chip- an integrated circuit- which executes program instructions and supervises the computer's overall operation. The unit consists of three main parts: The control unit, which examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components- disk drives, monitor, etc.- to be activated to execute the functions specified; The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) , which performs mathematical calculations (+, -, etc.) and logical operations (and, or, etc) ; the registers, which are high-speed units of memory used to store and control information. One of these registers control information. One of these registers is the program counter (PC) which keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main memory. Another is the instruction register (IR) which holds the instruction that is currently being executed. One area where microprocessors differ is in the amount of data- the number of bits- they can work with at a time. There are 8,16, 32 and 64 bit processors. The computer's internal architecture is evolving so quickly that the new 64- bit processors are able to address 4 billion times more information than a 32- bit system. 24 The programs and data which pass through the central processor must be loaded into the main memory (also called the internal memory) in orderto be processed. Thus, when the user runs an application, the processor looks for it on secondary storage devices (disks) and transfers a copy of the application into the RAM area. RAM (random access memory) is temporary, i.e. its information is lost when the computer is turned off. Howerver, the ROM section (read only memory) is permanent and contains instructions needed by the processor. Most of today's computers have internal expansion slots that allow users to install adapters or expansion boards. Popularadapters include high resulution graphics boards, memory expansion boards, and internal modems. The power and performance of a computer is partly determined by the speed of its microprocessor. A clock provides pluses at fixed intervals to measure in MHz (megahertz) and refers to the frequency at which pulses are emitted. For example, a CPU running at 500 MHz (500 million cycles per second) is likely to provide a very fast processing rate and will enable the computer to handle the most demanding applications. Central processing unit (CPU) Organization o f a simple Control unit Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Register I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 bus <— ► Figure 1 25 com puter The CPU is built into a single microprocessor chip Main memory 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Task 2 Tick ( S) in the box i f the statement is true and cross (x) i f it is false by referring to the information in the text 1 The CPU directs and coordinates the activities taking place within the computer system. 2. The arithmetic logic unit performs calculations on the data . 3. 32- bit processors can handle more information than 64-bit processors. 4. A chip is an electronic device composed of silicon elements containing a set of integrated circuits. 5. RAM, ROM and secondary Q] storage are the components of the main memory. 6. Information cannot be processed by the microprocessor if it is not loaded into the main memory. 7. “Permanent” storage of |—| information is provided by RAM (random access m em ory). 8. The speed of the microprocessor is measured in megahertz. 26 CHIP LISTENING Task 3 Label this diagram with the correct terms. Task 4 Compare your answers with a partner. Task 5 Listen and check your answer 27 SPEAKING Task 6 Work in pairs, A and B. fin d out as much as you can about your partner's computer and complete this table. Student A: Your computer details are on page 249 Student B: Your computer details are on page 252 Task 7 In group, write the answers to these questions then read aloud to the class. The winners are the group that answers the most questions correctly in fo u r minutes. 1. What are the main parts of the CPU? 2. What is RAM? 3. What memory section is also known as “firmware” ? 4. What information is lost when the computer is switched off? 5. What is the typical unit used to measure RAM memory and storage memory? 6. What is the meaning of the acronym SIMM? 7. What is a megahertz? 8. What is the ALU? What does it do? 9. What is the abbreviation for “binary digit”? 10. How can we store data and programs permanently? CPU and R AM 28 WRITING Task 8 Study this diagram o f a PC motherboard. Match the components to their descriptions The motherboard 1. These are memory chips. The more you have, the more work you can do at a time. Empty memory slots mean you can add more memory. 2. This is the “brain” of the computer. 3. It’s a part of the memory store. It has extremely fast access. It's faster than normal RAM. It can speed up the computer. 4. These let you add features such as sound or a modem to your computer. 5. This kind of memory contains all the instructions your computer needs to activate itself when you switch on. Unlike RAM, its contents are retained when you switch off. Task 9 Complete this description o f the mother board by adding the definitions above in the correct places The most important electronic part of a computer is the motherboard. The largest chip in the centre is the processor. The board also contains plug in chips. One type contains ROM. A number of chips are mounted on memory boards. A third type of memory is cache memory. The board also has expansion slots. Task 10 Translate the paragraph into Vietnamese The main memory of a computer is also called the “immediate access store”, as distinct from any storage memory available on disk. Microcomputers make use of two types of main memory : RAM and ROM, both contained in electronic chips connected to the main board of the computer. RAM stands for ‘random access memory’. All the information stored in the RAM is temporary so it is lost when the computer is turned off. 29 rherefore, if we want to use this information later on, we have to save it and store it on a disk. ROM is an acronym for reading only memory which implies that the processor can read and use the information stored in the ROM chip, but cannot put information into it. The ROM section is also referred to as firm w are. LANGUAGE STUDY Relative clauses We can define people or things with a relative clause. The teacher who is responsible for the computer centre has just arrived. We use the relative pronoun ‘who’ because it refers to a person. The microprocessor is a chip which processes the information provided by the software. We use the relative pronoun ‘w hich’ because it refers to a thing, not a person. Task 11 Complete the sentences with an appropriate relative pronouns 1. That’s the CPU.k./.‘i/.f.l/.i.(lai.......I’d like to buy. 2. The microprocessor is a chip..lL.ilu{\j.j.(iid......processes data and instructions. 3. The microprocessor coordinates the activities...WlW.Lij.A.1........ take place in the computer system. 4. Last night I met s o m e o n e . ^ . .........works for GM as a computer programmer. 5. A co- processor is a silicon chip. ttd u c L U iU ..carries out mathematical operations at a very high speed. 6. A megahertz is a unit of frequency.i,...l.A.C.Ll...k...........used to measure processor speed. 7. Here’s the floppy d isk .............. i..............you lent me. 30 8. Some people.................................are frightened by the complexity of the computer don’t want to have a computer in their houses 9. Some people...............................have seen the film 2001, may be afraid that the computer will take control of their lives. 10. Whenever I have problems with my computer I usually go to Frank.........................................is the best at computer in my class PRACTICE Task 12 Choose appropriate form s o f the words to complete the sentences 1' \ .. * 1. repetition, repeat, repetitive, repeatedly, repeating a. There are some people who.............................. arrive late to class whenever they’re working on a program because they forget the time. b. A computer can do . operations withoubored. c.........................., which can be a boring and unproductive task has been eliminated with the use of computers. 2. repair, repaired, repairable, repair a. When the computer is down it needs to b e ................................ b. Electronic equipment often takes a long time to...................... c...................................... to a computer system are often done by the same company who manufactured the system. 3. accuracy, accurate, accurately a. A computer is always ............................................. In its results if well prepared. b.................................... is one of the advantages of using computers in research or in statistical analysis. c. Computers can produce results quickly a n d ................................. 4. response respond responded responding a. The arithmetic logical unit...............................to commands from the control unit. 31 b. The components of a computer system operate only in.....................to commands from the control unit. 5. advertisement advertise advertised a. There are many computer —related jobs .............................. in the New York Times. b. Computer Centre will soon ............................. for more operators and programmers. c. Career opportunities in computer science and related fields can usually be found in the..............................section of newspaper. Task 13 Fill each gap in the passage with the correct form o f a suitable verb from the box carry weld allow peiform store draw be call connect present The physical computer and its components...................known as hardware. Computer hardware includes the memory that ........................... data and instructions: the central processing unit (CPU) that........................ out instructions; the bus that................... the various computer components; the input device, such as a keyboard or mouse, that...............................the user to communicate with the computer, and the output device, such as printers and video display monitors, that enable the computer to.............................. information to the user. The programs that run the computer are.................... software. Software generally is designed to .......................a particular tvpe of task- for example, to control the arm of a robot to ...............................a car's body................................. a graph, or to direct the general operation of the computer. 32 RAM SCSI (Small Computer System Intel face) microcomputer (n) chip (n) component (n) disk drive (n) arithmetic logic unit (ALU) logical operations (n) main memory (n) secondary storage devices (n) ROM adapter (n) microprocessor (n) abbreviation (n) binary digit (n) distinct (n) firmware (n) weld (v) (n) keyboard (n) printer (n) video display monitor (n) task (n) NEW WORDS bộ truy cập ngẫu nhiên Một giao diện mà trong đó có thể cắm các thiết bị ngoại vi vào máy vi tính là một mạch điện tử siêu nhỏ thiết bị ổ cứng bộ số học- logic học các phép toán logic bộ nhớ chính thiết bị lưu trữ thứ cấp bộ nhớ chỉ đọc bộ tưong hợp bộ vi xử lý tóm tắt bộ số nhị phân riêng biệt vi chưong trình, chương trình cơ sở hàn, mối hàn bàn phím máy in màn hình video nhiệm vụ 33 Unit 3 KINDS OF COMPUTER Objectives - Understand and know how to use words and expression related to kinds of computer. - Use the comparison structures fluently to compare all kinds of computer. Contents Reading Read about some kinds of computer. Listening : Listen and identify the kind of computer. Speaking : Identify the characteristics of some computers by reading given details Writing : Describe the size of computers Language study. Comparisons 34 WARM - UP ACTIVITY Match these names to the different kinds of computer. mainframe laptop notebook handheld PC minicomputer READING There are many types of computer but we can divide them into three large categories: mainframe, minicomputer and microcomputer. Large computer system, or mainframes, as they are referred to in the field of computer science, are those computer systems found in computer installations processing immense amounts of data. These powerful computers make use of very high- speed main memories. These powerful machines have a larger repertoire of more complex instructions which can be executed more quickly. Whereas smaller computers may take several steps to perform a particular operation, a large machine may accomplish the same thing with one instruction. These computers can be of two types: digital and analog. The digital computer or general- purpose makes up about 90 percent of the large computers now in use today. It can do calculations in steps, one after another at tremendous speed and with great accuracy. Digital computer programming is by far the most commonly used in electronic data processing for business or statistical purposes. The analog computer works something like a car speedometer, in that it continuously works out calculations. It is used essentially for problems involving measurements. It can simulate, or imitate different measurements by electronic means. Really, powerful computers continue to be bulky and require special provision for their housing, refrigeration systems, air filtration and power supplies. This is because much more space is taken up by the input/output devices- the magnetic tape and disk units and other peripheral equipment than by the electronic components that do not make up the bulk of the machine in a powerful installation. The power consumption of these machines is also quite high , not to mention the price that runs into hundreds of thousands of dollars. 35 Minicomputer has smaller size. It has fixed word length between 8 and 32 bits and costs less than a mainframe. The amount of primary memory in minicomputer system ranges from 32-512k bytes. It is used for a fixed application and run only a single program. Many minis are employed in real time processing so they possess the hardware capability to be connected directly to a large variety of measurement instruments, to analog and digital converters, to microprocessors, and to an even large mainframe in order to analyze the collected data. Microcomputer was bom in the early 1970s. It is becoming more powerful and converging with minicomputer technology. The available range of microcomputer systems is evolving more rapidly than minicomputer because of the low price. Micros have somewhat simpler and less flexible instruction sets than minis and are typically much slower. However the relatively new industries improve the price and performance of its product by using the latest microcomputers. Task 1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) by referring the information in the text. 1. Microcomputers were developed after minicomputer 2. Mainframes are very powerful and can execute jobs very rapidly and easily. 3. Mainframe technology has reached the end of the road. No further development is needed. 4. Operating minicomputers costs less than operating mainframes. 5. Minicomputer can be connected directly to various types of devices. 6. A mainframe uses more power than a microcomputer. 7. Microcomputer is cheaper than minicomputer. 8. Microcomputers have the same memory capacity as minicomputer. 9. Many different types of industries are using microcomputer to do their works. 10. By the end of this century microcomputer will have been cheaper, better and probably used in every aspect of life. 36 LISTENING Task 2 Listen to a short lecture given by John Griffiths, an expert on computer systems. As you listen, label the pictures with the words in the box microcomputer (portable) microcomputer (desktop PC) mainframe minicomputer □ [ 0 c................ Task 3 Listen again and choose the correct answer * 1. According to »the speaker: a. a mainframe computer is less powerful than a minicomputer. b. a mainframe is more powerful than a minicomputer. c. a mainframe is not very powerful but can execute jobs very rapidly. 2. Mainframe computer are used by: a. students and teachers in school. b. Executives and businessmen c. Large organizations processing enormous amounts of data. 3. ‘Multitasking’ means: a. access to a minicomputer through terminals. 37 b. Doing a number of tasks at the same time. c. Connection to a ‘host’ computer network so that many users have access to data and programs. 4. The most suitable computers for l Windows Media Encoder SPEAKING Task 4 home use are: a. mainframe b. minicomputers c. micro computers (PCs) 5. The smallest computers are known as: a. minicomputers b. desktop PCs c. laptops and notebook computers. Study these details o f different types o f computer. F ind the answers to these questions. Which type o f computer is: 1. the most common? 2. small enough for a pocket? 3. the most common portable? 4. used by many people at the same time? 5. used like mainframe? 6. also called a handheld computer? 7. the most powerful 8. not suitable for a lot of typing? Task 5 In pairs, decide what sort o f computer is best fo r each o f these users 1. John Wilmott is a salesperson and he spends a lot of time visiting customers. He wants a computer to carry with him so he can access data about his customers and record his sales. 38 2. Pat Nye is a personnel officer. She needs a computer to keep staff records and to keep a diary of appointments. She also needs a computer for writing letters. 3. The University of the North needs a computer to look after its accounts, its network, the record of all students and staff, and to help with scientific research. 4. The James family want a computer for entertainments, writing letters, the Internet, and for calculating tax. WRITING Task 6 Put the words in brackets into the correct form s to make an accurate description o f sizes o f computers There are different types of computer. The (large) larger and (powerful) .... 2....are mainframe computers. Minicomputers are (small) ......3....than mainframes but are still very powerful. Microcomputers are small enough to sit on a desk. They are the (common) ..................4 ............................. type of computer. They are usually (powerful) ............ 5.*.......... than minicomputers. Portable computers are (small) ...........6................... than desktops. The (large)......7.......portable is a laptop, (sm all)........ 8..............portables, about the size of a piece of writing paper, are called notebook computers. Sub-notebooks are (sm all)..................9..................... than notebooks. You can hold the (small) .........10...................computers in one hand. They are called handheld computers or palmtop computers. * LANGUAGE STUDY Comparisons Study this comparison o f the three types o f computer. Mainframes Minicomputers Microcomputers Size +++ ++ + Power +++ ++ + Cost +++ ++ + 39 We compare things using adjectives in two ways. 1. We can compare one type of computer with another. Minicomputers are bigger than microcomputers. Mainframes are more expensive than microcomputers For negative comparisons we can say: Microcomputers are not as big as minicomputers Microcomputers are not as powerful as mainframes. 2. We can compare mainframes to all other types of computer. Mainframes are the biggest computers. Mainframes are the most powerful computers. Mainframes are the most expensive computers. With short adjectives (big, small, fa s t), we add -er and -est (faster, fa ste st). With long adjectives (powerful, expensive) , we use more/less and the most/ the least before the adjective (more powerful, the most poweiful) R em em ber these exceptions: Good- better- the best bad — worse — the worst fa r — further — furthest. Task 7 Choose the correct adjective then fill in the gaps with the correct fo rm o f the adjective 1. light! heavy Laptops are lighter than desktop computers, but............ than notebooks 2. large! small The mainframe is the..................type of computers. A minicomputer is........................than a microcomputer. 3. common/good Personal computers are..................... than mainframes but mainframes are ...............than personal computers at processing very large amount of data. 4. powerful! expensive Minicomputers are.................... than mainframes but they are also................ 40 5. fasti cheap New computers are............. and sometimes................. than older machines. 6. powerful / expensive Laptops are often.................than PCs but they as not as............. PRACTICE Task 7 Complete the follow ing statements with the appropriate words. (Some can be used more than once) . Make sure you use the correct form . i.e. singular or plural. mainframe computer installation digits hybrid computer code programming digital analog 1. The ............................ system is a computer which has combined the features of both th e ............................a n d ..............................computer. It is used mainly in scientific research. 2.......................Computers get their name from the w o rd ...................... These are single character numbers that make up the ........................... In which the data are presented to the computer for processing. 3.............................Are usually found in large....................................................... 4. The most commonly used language o f ........................... In the business community i s ........................... Task 8 Match the words in column A with the words or statements in column B A B 1. minicomputer a. processing unit of microcomputer 2. primary memory b. specialized secondary memory devices 3. mini peripherals c. where operator can manually operate 4. cartridges the computer 5. console d. internal storage 6. microprocessors e. fixed word length of 8- 32 bits f. attached to minicomputer. 41 Task 9 Complete the text below with the words in the box systems memory task terminals desktop CAD applications The first microcomputers, also known as ...............(1)..................... PCs, were for single users only, and this clearly distinguished them from minicomputers. Another important difference was that ‘minis’ were much more powerful than ‘micros’ they could execute more than one (2) ......................................................... simultaneously and were used as file severs for (3) I . ...................and workstations. However, modem microcomputers have operating (4).^........................ and network facilities that can support many simultaneous users. Today, most personal computers have enough (5 )...D.U.UL....iJ..................to be used for word processing and business (6) . ...................................... Some PCs can even handle multitasking and (7 ) v.('.v...................... applications. As a result, the division between ‘minis’ and ‘micros’ is now disappearing. Task 10 Use the information in the text, compare three kinds o f computers: mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer 42 Task 11 Choose the correct words to complete each sentence. You may have to change some words if necessary 1. electron electronic electronics electronically a. A n .............................pen is one example of an input device. b. A computer solves problem s..............................................................Many- ....................................students go on to work as engineers. 2. technology technological technologically technologist a. The computer is the greatest.............................................. invention of the twentieth century. b. There are two.................................... involved in a clipboard PC. c. Today’s computers are....................................far superior to those used a few years ago 3. identify identifying identifiable identity a. The clipboard’s pattern recognition software immediately the letters and numbers written by the stylus. b. Most computer companies will not allow people without an ............................................ card to enter their premises. c. A password is a mechanism for................................ the computer- user and allowing access. 4. compute computing computation computerize computerization a. The .....................................................of the manufacturing division will be expensive in the short term, but cost- effective in the long term. b. We should be able to..................................... our profit for next year fairly accurately with the new program. c. 1 could tell from all th e .................................... on the board that a maths lesson was in progress. 5. continuation continue continuing continuously a. If microcomputer sales..................................... to increase, it won’t be long before every household has one b. Computers can do repetitive operation.......................... without getting bored. 43 c. There is a.................................... interest in discovering new areas where computers can be used. 6. Measurement measure measured measurable a. The analog computer is essentially used for problems involving b. Because computer equipment is often bulky, the area used for a computer installation must be.................................... out carefully. c. The number of employees a computer company can be seen as of its success in the business world 7. general generally generality generalize a................................. purpose computers are large than minicomputer. b. It is the.....................................consensus of opinion that computers have improved the quality of life. c. Minicomputers are.................................cheaper than mainframes. d. It is often easier to................................. than to talk about specifics. S. flex flexible flexibilia. Because of their................................. microcomputers are becoming more popular than minicomputers. b. Microcomputers have a more..............................set of instructions than microcomputers. 9. finance financial financially a. The.....................................implications of leasing a computer may be less than owning one b. Companies often borrow huge sums of money to.............................. large- scale projects to computerize their business. c..................................... speaking, a microcomputer is more affordable than a minicomputer. 10. education educational educationally educated a. There are many ................................. institutes that teach computer programming b. It is possible that by the year 2000, a well...................... person will have to have a good knowledge of computer science 44 c. There are many fields of..................................... today that use computers as teaching tools. Task 12 Complete the sentences below with appropriate words from the box mainframe computer installation digits hybrid computer code digital analog programming 1. The..................................system is a computer which has combined the features of both the ................................... a n d ....................................computer. It is used mainly in scientific research. 2..................................... computers get their name from the word ........................................ These are single character numbers that make up the................................... in which the data are presented to the computer for processing. 3........................... are usually found in larg e ............................... 4. The most commonly used language of..........................................in the business community is.................................... Task 13 Translate into Vietnamese It would seem that the limits for microcomputer applications have by no means been reached. There are those who predict that the home and hoppy computer markets will grow into a multi- billion dollar enterprise within a decade or so. It would also appear that performance of microprocessors could well un-crease ten- fold before 1990 while prices for micros could decrease by as much. 45 divide into (v) minicomputer (n) immense (Adj) execute (v) accomplish (v) analog computer (n) speedometer (n) simulate (v) imitate (v) bulky (Adj) filtration (n) range (n) application (n) NEW WORDS chia thành máy tính mini rộng lổm thực hiện hoàn thành máy tính tương tự đổng hổ đo tốc độ mô phỏng, mô tả bắt chirớc, làm theo cồng kềnh lọc phạm vi, lĩnh vực ứng dụng xử lý thời gian thực máy đổi dòng điện giải thích phức tạp bể ngoài, diện mạo máy chủ máy tính xách tay di động truy cập mạng máy tính giải trí thuế thiết kế bằng máy tính phân biệt đổng thời, cùng một lúc 46 real- time processing (n) converter (n) analyze (v) flexible (Adj) aspect(n) host (n) laptop (n) portable (Adj) access (v) network (n) entertainment (n) tax (n) CAD (v) Distinguish Simultaneously (Adv) Unit 4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Objectives - Acquire specific vocabulary related to hardware and software. - Identify hardware and software’s characteristics and function - Know how to use relative pronoun ‘that’ Contents Reading: Read about hardware and software Listening : Listen to people talking about the two models and fill in the gaps Speaking : play role ask and answer questions about some new models Writing : look at the diagram a of computer and complete a paragraph introducing two main components in a computer system. Language study: Relative clause with ‘that' TRANS 1. What do you know about hard ware? 2. What are they? 47 READING In order to use computers effectively to solve problems in our environment, computer systems are devised. A “system” implies a good mixture of integrated parts working together to form a useful whole. Computers system may be discussed in two parts. The first part is hardware- the physical, electronic, and electromechanical devices that are thought of and recognized as “computer”. The second part is 48 software- the programs that control and coordinate the activities of the computer hardware and that direct the processing of data. Figure 5.1 Figure 5.1 shows diagrammatically the basic components of computer hardware joined together in a computer system. The centerpiece is called either the computer, the processor, or usually the central processing unit (CPU) . The term “computer” usually refers to those parts of the hardware in which calculations and other data manipulations are performed, and to the internal memory in execution of programs. The various peripherals, which include input and/or output devices, various secondary memory devices, and do so on, are attached to the CPU. Computer software can be divided into two very broad categories systems software and applications software. The former is often simply referred to as “system”. These, when brought into internal memory, direct the computer to perform tasks. The later may be provided along with the hardware by a systems supplier as part of a computer product designed to answer a specific need in certain areas. These complete hardware/ software products are called turnkey system. The success or failure of any computer system depends on the skill with which the hardware / software computer components are selected and blended. A poorly chosen system can be a monstrosity incapable of performing the tasks for which it was originally acquired. 49 Task 1: Read the text and indicate whether the following idea are stated or not stated (S/NS) 1. A system implies a good mixture of parts working together. 2. Input and output device operate more slowly the decision- making devices. 3. The control unit and the arithmetic- logical unit are part of the processor. 4. The ‘computer’ is the hardware. 5. Software is the programs on cards, tapes and disks. 6. The processor is usually reffered to as the CPU. 7. The word’computer’ means the processor and the internal memory. 8. Systems software is usually reffered to as programs. 9. Complete hardware/ software products are called turnkey systems. 10. Computers process specially prepared items of information. LISTENING Task 2 You are going to hear two people making enquiries in a Macintosh computer shop. The shop assistant is telling them about the two models below. Listen and fill in the missing information. Imac Processor speed 266MHZ RAM standard ............................................. Hard disk capacity ............................................. Price ............................................. Power Macintosh G3 Processor speed ......................................... RAM standard ............................................ Hard disk capacity ............................................ Price £1,720 50 Task 3 Now listen again and fill in the gaps below. Assistant: Do you need any help? Paul: Um yes, we’ re looking for a personal computer. Have you got any fairly basic ones. Assistant: Yes, sure. If you’d like to come over here.... Paul: What different (1 )......................... are there? Assistant: At the moment we’ve got these two models: the IMac, which has a ( 2 )....................................... operating at 266 megahertz, and the Power Macintosh G3 which has a processor (3) ..................... at 400 megahertz. Sue: So the Power Macintosh G3 is the ( 4 )...................... one. And which one has the most memory? I mean- which has the most RAM? Assistant: Well, the IMAC has 64 megabytes of (5) ....................., which can be (6) ............................... up to 256, and the Power Macintosh G3 has 128 megabytes which can be expanded up to ( 7 ) .............................. It all depends on how much memory you think you’re going to need. SPEAKING Task 4 Work with a partner. One o f you wants to buy a computer, the other is the sales assistant. A sk and answer questions, using the information and instructions below to help you. Products available Processor/ speed Minimum/ Maximum RAM Hard disk Disk drives M onitor Price Explora 700 Net PC Mips R4700 300 MHz 32 MB expandable to 256 4 GB Optional 3,5” drive Super VGA compatible £ 7 9 9 51 Toshiba Pentium III 64 MB 10 3,5” Colour £ 2 ,4 5 0 portable 500 MHz expandable to 256 GB drive 32 X CD LCD IBM Aptiva AMD Athlon 128 MB 20 3,5” XGA £ 2 ,6 4 0 700 MHz expandable to 384 GB drive DVD Polywell AMD Athlon 128MB 20 3,5” Super £ 2 ,3 3 0 700 MHz expandable to 768 GB drive CD/ Zip VGA Compaq Pentium III 64 MB 16 Zip drive XGA £ 2 ,5 8 0 650 MHz expandable to 768 MB GB DVD Shop assistant Customer Greets the customer and offer help. Asks to see some computers. Shows the customer some models. Asks for details: processor, RAM, etc. Describes the speed in megahertz and the main memory. Asks about the hard disk. Gives explanations (MB storage capacity, e tc ). Asks about the monitor and other features. Gives the required information. Asks the price. Gives the price and explain different ways of paying. Decides to buy one/ to think about it. Thanks the shop assistant and leave the shop. WRITING Task 5 Use the follow ing diagram which shows the relationship between the system and its parts to complete the paragraph. 52 A computer system consists of two components:................. (1) and..... L................(2) . Each component is subdivided into different parts. The Central Processing Unit and the............................. (3) constitute the ........................... (4) component. Systems software and...................... (5) comprise the... (6) component. Devices that are used for secondary storage are considered part of the ................................... (7) These devices along with Input and Output devices are referred to as......................... (8) devices. LANGUAGE STUDY Relative clause with' That Study these example: - Computers are electronic machines that process information. (which machines) - Software is the program that control and coordinate the activities of the computer hardware. (which program) . We can use that in the same way as which but we can only use it in definite relative clause. 53 We use “That” to refer to both a thing and a person. Those are the students that have computer certificates. When that is the object of the clause we can leave it out. The computer that you ordered last week has arrived. Or The computers you ordered last week have arrived. Between main clause and relative clause there is no comma. Task 6 Combine the sentences below with LthatI or w hichZ, leave the relative pronoun if it is possible. 1. Abacus is one of the first calculating devices. It is now being used in many parts of the world. 2. Floppy disks conform to a standard. You can use them to carry data from one place to another. 3. CD-Rom disks are very common and conform to a standard. They are removable and can hold large amount of data. 4. A company should be willing to provide a number of services. That company provides, distributes, or sells computers or computer materials. 5. There are a few fundamental principles. They are the basic of all the electrical means of communication. 6. Where are the computers?. They have just delivered. 7. Those are the letters. They came from IBM company. 8. He refused the related- computer job. That job was advertised in the paper. 9. A computer contains thousands of electronic circuits connected by switches. Those switches can be in one of two possible states: ON or OFF. 10. The total number of colour is called the colour palette. It can be shown on the screen. 54 PRACTICE Task 7 First choose the appropriate form s o f the words to complete the sentences. Then check the differences o f meaning in your dictionary 1. integration, integrated, integrating a. Some computer manufacturers have iLi!Lifiü:h.d............. both input and output devices into one terminal. b. The success of any computer system depends on the of all its parts to form a useful whole. c. input and output devices into one peripheral has reduced the area needed foj: a computer installation. ^ IC’< 2. coordination, coordinate, coordinated, coordinating, coordination a. The control unit of processor.The flow of information between the arithmetic unit and the memory. b. ........ the many activities in a computer department is the job of the department head c. The.ii.'.]..:ÎW:.;jJ.O.*A......of a language institute has assistant to help him and many have access to a computer to help him with the..................... of the many programs, timetables, space and student results. 3. diagram diagrammatic diagrammatically diagrammed a. Very often manufacturers provide.representations of the internal workings of a computer. b. A.... ,w.u:............ is a drawing that show how something is arranged rather than what it actually looks like. c. A few ideas have been...Jui.^iAOu>;>.lj,.u for you in this book. 4. interchange interchangeable interchangeably interchanged a. The word ‘arithmetic logic’ and ‘arithmetic logical’ can be used ....Ul.iiJx.lu'.ui.cjt'.i.'A'.*:,................ b. There is often an.ilLCL-!-.Y.iy.q.l'.... of ideas among computer scientists. c. There is a big difference between an input and an output. These can not be. .1. f . 3. 4. .r j.... \ . 5. division . divide divisible a.It is often difficult for computer science students to....:L,.,U............. heir time up proportionally between studying and programming. 55 b. .Are all numbers............ ..................by three? c. There is always a...............................of labour within a computer company. Task 8 Fill each gap in the sentences with a suitable word or phrases from the box disk disk drive display hard disk keyboard menu software microprocessor modem monitor mouse operating system primer RAM ROM 1. A...............................is what you use to input information into the computer. It works like a normal typewriter 2. The........................ is where you place the disks to start the program 3. The...............................show what you type and the computer’s calculations. 4. The.........................................................................is what you can actually see. 5. The................................is a list of information that lets you choose what to do next. 6. The................................is used for making hard copies of what you can 7. Information is stored outside the memory on......................... 8. Many modem computers have a...............................with which sou can move an arrow to point at different parts of the screen. 9. The ................................is the heart of the computer and controls everything it does. 10...................................is another term for the programs you use on a computer. 11. A................................. is a device which connects a computer to a telephone line. 56 Task 9 Read the passage and fill in each gap with one suitable word A computer program is a set of instructions...................... directs a computer to perform some processing function or combination of functions. For the instructions to........................ carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, the computer read the program, and........................ follows the steps encoded in the program in the precise order.......................................completion. A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending.......................... the options and data that the user gives the computer. Programs fall into two major classes: application programs..................... operating systems. An application program is one that ............................... out some function directly for a user,...........................................as word processing or game- playing. An operating system is a program that manages the computer and the various resources and devices connected....................it, such as RAM (random access memory) , hard drives, monitors, keyboard, printers, and modems, .............................that they may be used by other programs. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows 98, OS/2, and UNIX. SỈS648/963 - SiS Pentium 4 Chipset U n ivo i'.jl A G P 3.0 C oin p N iiil K«J4X Mode Support Dual IDE ATA1 >3/100/66/33 U S B 2.0/1.1 6 PC! Master KB I Mouse Floppy/ Midi I jo y stic k - PC2001 Com pliant « 57 Pentium 4 CPU SMMHz System Bu s with 2X Address/4X Data DDR333/DDR266 Up lo 3 DIMM Unbuffered DDR Support Max. 1GB per DIMM i channel spsakar V.90 Mod« in ■ — 1'IOMb HPNA RJ11 ,,r 10/100MI) LAN NEW WORDS hiêu qua ngu y két hop bô nhor thur câ'p theo biëu do, sa luac dua vào, dé câp den thao tac hang, loai xtfa, eu bô nhô trong he thong chia khoâ trao tay kÿ quai, quai di dat duoc, thu duoc mo rông bao gorn làm thich hop voi co the md duoc bâng long phân phoi co ban, co so, chu yeu co ban, nguon goc thông tin chuyën hàng, giao hàng bang màu cài dât tuong umg, can xumg hê dieu hành chuôt phoi horp ma hoâ rô rang, chinh xâc dë uô'n, mêm, dèo bô dieu giài 58 effectively (Adv) imply (v) coordinate (v) secondary storage (n) diagrammatically (Adv) refer to (v) manipulation (n) category (n) former (Adj) internal memory (n) turnkey system (n) monstrosity (n) acquire (v) expand up (v) consist of (v) conform (+ to) (v) removable (Adj) willing (Adj) distribute (v) fundamental (Adj) principle (n) communication (n) delivery (n) palette (n) installation (n) proportionally (Adv) operating system (n) mouse (n) combination (n) encode(v) precise (Adj) yielding (Adj) modem (n) Unit 5 PERIPHERAL DEVICES ■\ Objectives - Understand technical vocabulary connected to input, out put devices - Identify important keys on a keyboard and explain their function. - Use grammartical structures to describe input and output devices Contents Reading: Read about ‘mouse’, one of the input devices Listening: Listen to descriptions of three input devices and identify them Speaking: Talk about the usage of each input and output device Writing: Look at the diagram and complete a paragraph comparing digital cameras with film cameras. Language study: Describing function WARM UP ACTIVITY Look at the pictures and name as many peripherals as you can 59 Peripheral devices are attached to the CPU. Two kinds of peripheral devices are: input and output devices. Input devices are the pieces of hardware which allow us to enter information into the computer. The most common are the keyboard and the mouse. We can also interact with a computer by using one of these: a light pen, a scanner, a trackball, a graphics table, a joystick or a voice recognition device. After entering instructions and data into computer, information has been processed internally, we can see the results on the visual display unit or VDU. To obtain a permanent copy of these results, we can use plotter, printers or video recorders. In this interactive process with computer, the screen plays an important part. READING Read the text to check your answers or fin d the right answers Point and click! Typically a mouse is a palm- sized device, slightly smaller than a pack of cards. On top of the mouse there are more buttons for communicating with the computer. A ‘tail’ or wire extends from a mouse to a connection on the back of the computer. The mouse is designed to slide around on your desktop. As it moves, it moves an image on the screen called a pointer or mouse cursor. The pointer 60 usually looks like an arrow or I- bar, and it minis the movements of the mouse on your desktop. What makes the mouse especially useful is that it is a very quick way to move around on a screen. Move the desktop mouse half an inch and the screen cursor will leap four inches. Making the same movements with the arrow key takes much longer. The also issues instructions to the computer very quickly. Point to an available option with the cursor, click on the moiise, and the option has been chosen. Mice are so widely used in graphics applications because they can do things that are difficult, if not impossible, to do with keyboard keys. For example, the way you move an image with a mouse is to put the pointer on the object you want to move, press the mouse buttons and drag the image The buttons on the mouse are used to select items at which the mouse points. You position the pointer on an object on the screen, for example, on a menu or a tool in a paint program, and then you press the mouse button to “select” it. Mice are also used to load documents into a program: you put the pointer on the file name and double- click on the name- that is, you press a mouse button twice in rapid succession. Task 1 Here are some basic mouse actions. Match the terms in the box with the explanations below a- click________________ b- double click______________ c- drag__________ 1. Position the pointer on something, then rapidly press and release the mouse button twice, (you do this to load a program, open a document or select text or graphics.) Jp 2. Position the pointer on something, hold down the mouse button and move the mouse to the desired position, then release the button, (you do this to mean image to a new location on the screen) 3. Position the pointer on something, then press and release the mouse button, (you do this to place the insertion point, to choose an option, or to close a window.) C f LISTENING Task 2 Listen to these descriptions of three input devices. What are they? 1.......................... 2...........................3............................. Task 3 Check your answer with your partner. SPEAKING Task 4 Try to answer these questions 1. How is the mouse connected to the computer? 2. What does the mouse pointer look like on the screen? 3. What are the functions of the mouse buttons? 4. What are the advantages of a computer mouse over the keyboard? Task 5 In groups, decide which input device is best for: 1. controlling fast- moving objects in a game 2. reading the price of things in a shop 3. making copies of a page of text and graphics 4. storing sounds on a computer 5. producing pictures of people and places for storing in a computer 6. controlling a computer using speech 7. typing text into a computer 62 WRITING Task 6 Write your own comparison of printer types Type Speed Text quality Grapgics capability Colour quality Cost Dot matrix Slow to medium Fair to good Limited Fair if you add a colour option Low Ink-jet Medium to fast Good to Excellent Good to Excellent good to very good Low to high Lazer Medium to very fast Excellent Good to Excellent Good in colour laser printers Medium to high Thermal Transfer Medium to fast Excellent Good to Excellent Good to superior Medium to high Solid Ink Medium to fast Excellent Good to Excellent Good Medium to high Electro static Slow to fast Fair to Good Fair to Good Fair to good low to high LANGUAGE STUDY Describing function We can describe the function or use of a device in different ways. Study these examples. Joysticks are used in computer games. Using a scanner, you can input printed drawings directly into a computer. You can used a scanner to input text. A microphone is used fo r inputting sound. There are different ways of describing function: * Are / is used for + V. ing (for controlling) * Are / is used in.................. * Using...you can... * You can use...to... Example You use mouse to select from a menu. Task 7 Match each device (1-7) with its use (a-g) . Device Use 1. joystick. 2. lightpen 3 .scanner 4. digital camera 5. mouse <-— 6. keyboard ^ 7. microphone Task 8 a. draw a pictures on to a computer screen b. copy documents T/c. input sound ^ d. input text . select from a menu move the cursor rapidly produce photos without film Describe the use of each device in a sentence Task 9 Use the structures from the language study section to make up new sentences Example You use a mouse to select from a menu. PRACTICE Task 10 Fill in the gaps with appropriate words There are different types of printer: dot- matrix, inkjet, and laser. Dot- matrix printer are the.........1................kind of printer, ................ 2..............their print quality is low and they are slow and..........3They are...........4.............to run. Inkjets are.............5............. expensive, but you get............6 .............quality and quieter operation. However, they are relatively ............... 7............. and also...................8............to run. They are a good choice for colour. Laser printers give the...................9.................. quality of output. They print 10 than either of the other two 64 ............... 11............... of printer and they cost......... 12..........to run than an inkjet. Unfortunately, they.................... 13........................ almost twice as............14............. as an inkjet. Task 11 Tables often include abbreviations and technical words that are not easy to understand. Look at this table and explanation o f M onitor A s specifications CRT size CRT facePixel res.Visual display Refresh rate Tilt-and swivel Other features MonitorA Superview Monitor B Paintview Task 12 16” flat 870 x 640 256 shades of grey 19” flat 1,024 x 768 32000 colours 60 Hz V Anti glare filter 75 Hz V Video card The specifications o f Superview (monitor A) may be explained like this: 1. This monochrome monitor has a 16-inch screen. 2. This display system has a resolution of 870 x 640 pixels that gives you enough quality for graphics. 3. It offers 256 shade of grey. 4. It has a 60 hertz refresh rate. (This is quite low, so it will probably produce a flickering, unsteady imagine). 5. A stilt-and- swivel stand is used to move the monitor up, down, and around so that the angle can be adjusted for each user. 6. The anti- glare filter helps eliminate eye fatigue and electromagnetic radiation. Task 13 Use this example to help you describe M onitor B 65 Task 14 Translate into English 1. Máy tính được sử dụng để điều khiển các hoạt động kỹ thuật trong công nghiệp sản xuất ô tô để làm tăng năng xuất lao động. 2. Ngoài màn hình ra, nhiều loại thiết bị khác gọi là máy vẽ được sử dụng để cho ra những kết quả đổ hoạ vĩnh cửu. Task 15 Fill each gap in the passage with a suitable word fro m the box Socket joystick monitor printer function program mouse keyboard screen disk A computer has a .............similar to that of typewriter. It is possible to give the computer commands by means of the...t.iij.iciio/?»................keys above the letter keys. The machine has a ....V.0.Ç.LÜ................................ at the back so that you can connect it to a...o....j...... '......... , which has a ................................. like a television. We often use a................Oj,.............which someone has written. All the information is 1 1 stored on................................. and at the side of the computer there is a....................................A....Lr.-iii.„.?.c................ is used to copy the information on to paper. The object like a car gear is useful for playing games on a computer and is called a . . . . . . . . ............... 0 NEW WORDS tác động lẫn nhau máy quét quả cầu đánh dấu, bóng xoay cần điểu khiển màn hình copy thường xuyên 66 interact (V) scanner (N) trackball (N) joystick (N) VDU (video display unit) permanent copy (N) interactive (Adj) advantage (N) wire (N) slide (N) pointer (N) mouse cursor (N) leap (V) drag (V) release (V) similarly (N) grab (v) stretch (V) tool (N) matrix (N) inkjet (N) pixels (N) flickering (Adj) stilt-and- swivel (N) adjust (V) anti- glare filter (n) electromagnetic (N) radiation (N) tuơng tác ưu điểm dây tờ chiếu con trỏ con trỏ nhảy, lao vào kéo thoát khỏi tuong tự, giống nhau nắm căng ra công cụ ma trận lọ mực ảnh điểm lập loè, bập bùng trụ xoay điều chỉnh máy lọc ánh sáng điện từ phát xạ nhiệt 67 Unit 6 ISSUES IN COMPUTING Objectives - Remember the words and expression involving in computer problems - Identify the ethical issues involving in computing and know the ways to deal with these problems. - Use grammartical structures well Contents Reading: Computer viruses Listening : Health and safety in a computer Speaking : Talk about computer problem W riting: Design and advertisement for a PC protection package Language study Making guideline and rules WARM UP ACTIVITY Work in group. Discuss how you can prevent these events 1. Your files are accidentally destroyed. 2. Someone reads your private emails. 3. Someone copies software only you are authorized to use. 68 READING Task 1 Try to answer the following questions in 1. What is a computer virus? 2. How are viruses spread? 3. How can you deal with viruses? 4. Name any viruses you know. Task 2 Read the Text to check your answer. groups. COMPUTER VIRUSES The Maltese Amoeba may sound like a cartoon character, but if it attacked your computer, you wouldn’t be laughing. The Maltese Amoeba is a computer virus. It is a form of software which can “infect” your system and destroy your data. Making computer viruses is only one type of computer crime. Others include hacking (changing data in a computer without permission) and pirating (illegally copying software programs). Viruses are programs which are written deliberately to damage data. Viruses can hide themselves in a computer system. Some viruses are fairly harmless. They may flash a message on screen, such as ‘Gotcha! bet you don’t know I crept in’. The Yankee Doodle virus plays this American tune on the computer’s small internal speaker every eight days at 5 p.m. Others have serious effects. They attach themselves to the operating system and can wipe out all your data or turn it into gobbledegook. When the Cascade virus attach, all the letters in a file fall into a heap at the bottom of the screen. This looks spectacular but it’s hard to see the funny side when it’s your document. Most viruses remain dormant until activated by something. For example, the Jerusalem B virus is activated every Friday the 13th and erases any file you 69 try to load from your disk. The Michelangelo virus was programmed to become active on march 6th 1992, the 517th birthday of Michelangelo. It attacked computer systems throughout the world, turning data on hard disks into nonsense. Viruses are most commonly passed via disks but they can also spread through bulletin boards, local area networks, and email attachments. The best form of treatment is prevention. Use an antivirus program to check a floppy before using it. Always download email attachment onto a floppy and check for viruses. If you do catch a virus, there are antivirus programs to hunt down and eradicate the virus. The problem is that around 150 new viruses appear every month and you must constantly update your antivirus package to deal with these new forms. Task 3 1. List three computer crimes! 2. What do you think these words in the passage Flash (line 10) Gobbledegook (15) Dormant (line 19) Eradicate (line 31) 3. Why is this difficult to remove all viruses? 4. Complete this table. Virus Effect Yankee Doodle Cascade Michelangelo Jerusalem B 70 LISTENING Task 4 Tony Clark, a lecturer in computer ergonomics, is talking to some students about health and safety in a computer classroom. Listen and complete the sentences below. 1 You should get a good chair, one that---------------------------- 2 Position the keyboard------------------------------------ 3 Position the monitor------------------ eye level, or just---------- 4 A titl-and- swivel display let you------------- ------------- 5 You should stay an arm’s length away from— ......... .......... 6 If you work in a room with a lot of computers, sit------------- SPEAKING Task 5 As a class, fin d out how many had problems with any o f these items o f hardware in the last twelve months. Calculate the percentages and compare results with these findings fro m a national survey. % of users reporting problems in the last 12 months Your class Other users Hard disk 17 CD-ROM drive 15 Modem 15 Mouse 13 Monitor 12 Motherboard 11 Sound card 7 Cooling fan 7 Floppy disk drive 7 Battery 7 Keyboard 6 71 Power supply 6 Memory 5 Graphics/ video 5 CPU 3 Task 6 Work in pairs, A and B. Advise your partner on his her computing problem. A sk fo r advice on your computing problem. Complete this form for your partner's problem. Student A Your problems and advice are on page 249 Student B Your problems and advice are on page 252 Help Desk Technician’s Name Data of Call Time Commenced addressReported by Under Warranty Service Tag No. make Model Processor RAM Size Operating System Network Type 72 Problem Description Diagnosis Cleared by phone Job number Passed to Supplier Time Ref.No. Passed to Thirty Party Time Ref.No. Require Visit Time Visiting Technician 73 Equipment Required Commends (e.g. case history) WRITING Task 7 Design an advertisment fo r a PC protection package. Your advertisment should mention all the features listed below, but you may add others. Choose a name, and decide on the best way to present your product. Features Password protection- system manager controls what each user is permitted to do. File encryption- plain text messages are converted into cipher (code) so that only authorized recipients can read them. Keyboard lock- screen is cleared and keyboard is locked after pre- set period of inactivity. Task 8 How many ways can you think o f to protect a computer from unauthorized use? Note down your ideals and compare your list with another student. 74 LANGUAGE STUDY To make guidelines we can use one of these ways Using an imperative: 1. Try to reinstall the sound drivers. Using the modal verb should: 2. you should reinstall the sound drivers. Using recommend + Ving 3 . 1 recommend reinstalling the sound driver. You can also use: 4. I recommend that you reinstall the sound drivers. 5. I advise you to reinstall the sound drivers. Or phrases such as: 6. The best thing to do is to reinstall the sound drivers. We can make them stronger by adding always and never. Always download email attachments onto a floppy. Never use a floppy without checking it. TaskS Study these steps to take before you phone fo r technical support. Rewrite each one using the clue given 1. Reboot your PC to see if the problem recurs, (should) 2. Use your PC’s on board diagnostic and repair tools, (recommend) 3. Record the details of the problem so you can describe it accurately, (good idea) 4. Note your system’s model name and serial number, (advise) 5. Keep the record of hardware and software you’ve installed along with any changes you’ve made to settings, (strongly recommend) 6. If you think hardware may be at fault, figure out how to open the case, (should) 7. Visit the vendor’s website and check the FAQs. (best thing) 75 8. Avoid phoning in peak times, (never) 9. Have your system up and running and be near it when you call, (good idea) 10. When you reach a technician, tell him or her if you may have caused the problem, (advise) Task 9 Diagnose these faults and provide advice on each problem 1. My laser printer produces very faint copies. 2. When I print three or four sheet come through the printer at the same time. 3. My spreadsheet does not seem to add up correctly. 4. Everything I type appears in capitals. 5. My PC is switched on but the monitor screen is blank. 6. I tried to print a document but nothing came out of the printer. 7. My monitor picture is too narrow. 8. My monitor screen flickers. 9. My mouse responds erratically. 10. the time display on my computer is one hour slow. 11. When i print out a page, the first two lines are missing. 12. My computer sometimes stops and reboots itself. The lights dim at the same time. Task 10 M aking guidelines and rules Study these guidelines fo r preventing and treating viruses. Download email attachments onto a floppy. Don’t use a floppy without checking it. We can make them into rules by using must and mustn’t. You must download attachments onto a floppy. You mustn’t use a floppy without checking it. Task 11 Rewrite this advice using must or m ustn't 76 \ 1. Keep your network password secret. 2. Don’t try to access other people’s data. 3. Always make a backup copy of all your important files. 4. Never use commercial software without a license. 5. Check your email regularly. 6. Never install software before it is virus- checked. 7. Don’t reuse web images from pages which have a copyright symbol. 8. Never change other people’s data without permission. 9. Don’t believe every email message that warns you about viruses. 10. Always virus- check an email attachment before opening it. Task 12 Write two rules about each o f these topics 1. Password 2. Floppy disk care 3. Backups 4. Working condition 5. Viruses 6. CD- ROM care Task 13 Fill in the gaps with the correct form o f an appropriate verb from this list may might must should will 1. Technicians-------------have normal colour vision to follow colour coding of wires. 2. You--------------- try to remove a floppy disk when the drive is running. 77 3. Biological computers ----------------------replace electronic computers in the future. 4. You----------------update your Web page regularly 5. You--------------have pages with dead- ends on your website. 6. You----------------know your password to gain access to the network. 7. Computers---------------- get cheaper and more powerful. 8. You-------------------------------back up your files regularly. Task 14 WORD STUDY Semantic groups Group these terms into the five headings, A to E, below. A B C D E Viruses and other destructive programs Data protection Communication systems Internet World Wide Web anti- virus software FTP passwords backups GPS router bandwidth IRC trigger routine browser ISP Trojan domain name hyperlink URL encryption logic bomb Usenet firewalls pagers XML 78