🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook Dạy Học Theo Chuẩn Kiến Thức, Kĩ Năng Môn Tin Học 10 Ebooks Nhóm Zalo 004.071 D112H HO CAM HA (Chu bien) - NGUVeN THE LOC LE THUY THACH - NGUVeN CHI TRUNG DAY HOC THEO CHUAN KIEN THlTC, Kl NAm o n DINH Hl/dNG DAY HQC THEO CHUAN KIEN THUfC, Kl NANG THIET KE BAI HOC THEO CHUAN KIEN THiJC, Kl NANG NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC SU PHA^ HO CAM HA (Chu bien) - NGUYEN THE LQC LE THUY THACH - NGUYEN CHI TRUNG MON m oc DAY HOC THEO CHUAN KIEN THIJnC, KI NANG Ldp * Djnh hudng day hoc theo chuan kien thut, ki nang * Thiet kebai hoc theo chuan kien thut, kinang THL^ MlEhi TiWM :: M H THUA N NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PHAM Muc luc Ldi gi6i thieu 5 PHAN I. D!NH Hl/dNG DAY HOC TIN HOC 10 THEO CHUAN KIEN THLTC, KT NAN G 7 PHAN II. THIET KE CAC BAI HOC TRONG SACH GIAO KHOA TIN HOC 10 THEO CHUAN KIEN THCTC , KI NANG 17 thudn g 1. Mot so khai niem cd ban cua Tin hoc 17 A. Gid l THIEU CHaON G 17 B, THIET KE CA C BAI HO C 18 § 1 . Tin hoci a mot nganh khoa hoc 18 ^ §2. Thon g tin va du'lieu 22 ^ ^ Bai tap va thi/c tianh 1: Lam quen v6i thong tin va m a hoa thong tin 29 ^ [ §3. Gi6i thieu ve may tinh 31 ' Bai tap va thuc hanh 2: La m quen vdi may tfnh 40 \. Bai toan va thuat toan 45 §5. Ngon ngiJ lap trinh 56 §6. Giai bai toan tren may tinh.... 60 §7. Phan me m may tinh 66 • §8. NhCng Cfng dung cua tin hoc 68 §9. Tin hpcvax a hoi 73 ChUdng 2. He dieu hanh 76 A. Giai THIE U CHU -aN G 76 B. THIET KE CA C BAI HO C 77 §10. Khai niem he dieu hanh 77 • J §11. Te p va quan If tep 84 §12. Giao tiep vdi he dieu hanh 92 Bai tap va thitc hanh 3: La m quen vdi he dieu hanh 99 '* Bai tap va thi/c hanh 4: Giao tiep vdi he dieu hanh Windows 103 Bai tap va thac hanh 5: Tha o tac vdi tep va th u muc 106 Chudng 3. Scan thao van ban 110 A. GIOI THIE U CHL/ONG ^ 110 B. THIET KE CA C BAI HO G 112 §14. Khai niem ve soan thao vSn ban 112 §15. Lam quen vdi Microsoft Wor d 120 Bai tap va thuc hanh 6: La m quen vdi Wor d 126 3 n ba n vS g dan h Din . §16 n ba n vS g dan h Din 7: hanh thuc va tap Bai tap Bai c kha g nSn c sochLT t Mo . §17 tap Bai o tha n soa p giu o tr u c g con c Ca . §18 gio tr u c g con o st mo g dun r Si 8: hanh tht/c va tap Bai g ban i vd c vie m la a v o Ta . §19 tap Bai ho g tdn h han c thiJ a v p ta i Ba 9: hanh thi/c va tap Bai g chiJOn i cuo p ta n O t Interne a v h tin y ma g Man . 4 g ChUdn G CHL/ON U THIE i GlO . A C HO I BA C CA E K T THIE . B h ti'n y ma g Man . §20 t Interne u ca n toa n ti g thon g Man . §21 t Interne a cu n ba o c u v h dic o st Mo . §22 t Interne t duye h trin g dun T SL 10: hanh tht/c va tap Bai m kie m tl y ma a vr tC n die Thu 11: hanh tht/c va tap Bai • LCII GI61 THIE U • Ngay 05/05/2006, Bo trirong 86 Giao due va Dao tao da kf Quyet diiih so 16/2006/QD-BGDDT vd viee ban hanh Chuong tiin h Giao due pho thong. Co the: noi: Die m mo i eiia Chuong tnn h Giao due pho thong liin nay la dira Chuiin kien thire, kT nang vao thanh phiin eua Chucnig trinh Giao due pho thong, dam bao viee ehi dao day hoe, kieni tia, danh gia theo ehufin kien thi're, k i nang tao nen su thong nhat trong ca nuoe. Chu;1n kien thi're. kT nang duoe ihi hien, cu the' hoa a eae chii 66 eua chuong trinh mon hoc, theo timg lop hoc; dong thoi eung duge the hien a phan eudi eua chuong trinh m6 i cap hoc. Trong eae ki thi tot nghiep Trung hoc pho thong, tuye'n sinh Da i hoc - Cao dang, Olympi c quoe gia va qudc te nhung nam gan day, nhi^u thu khoa la HS thuoc nhung vung cue k i kho khan vd didu kien kinh te xa hoi, chua bao gi o biet den Id liiyeii rlii\e biet co em la HS dan toe doat huy chuong vang Olympi c Toan quoe te. Da y la dii'u hieu ti'ch cue: Cac em HS chi can duoc nha truoiig, Cii c thay co giao t6 ehirc day hoc de nfim vung kien tluic, k l nang co ban. biet tu duy .sang tao tren nen kien thirc. kT nang co ban la co the dat ket qua cao trong cac k l thi . N'hin chung, 6 cac trudng pho thong hien nay. budc dau da van dung duge Cluian kien thi're, kT nang trong giang day. hoc tap. kicm tra, danh gia; song van chua dap I'rng dirge yeu eiiii ciia doi nidi giao due pho thong, can phai duge ticp tiic quan tam. chu trong hon nua. Nham gop phan khac phuc han che nay, Nha xuat ban Da i hoc Sir pham to chu'c bien soan. xuat biin bg sach Day hoc theo Chuan kien thiie. k i nang. Bo sach Day hoc theo Chudii kien thuc, ki nang giiip G V hieu ro hon, cu the, ehi tiet, tirdng niinh cac yen cfiu co ban, tdi tliicu v6 kien thiie, kT nang cua Chuiin kien thuc. kT nang de co the phat huy nang lire sang tao. khong qiui Ic thuoc vao sach giao khoa va co the lien he vdi thuc tien lam cho bai day sinh dong ma khong lo '"cluiy giao an. bo sot noi dung, ckiy lac de...". dac biet la gop phan khac phiic tinh traiig qua lai, huon te trong giang day. hoc tap. chinh:phdn ba gom sdch bp cua chung true Cdu n chuai o the 0 1 c ho n Ti c ho y da g hirdtn h Din I: Plidii kho o gia h sac g tron c ho i ba c ca e k t Thie II: Pluhi . nang T k, thirc n kie na ki thitc, kien Chudn theo hoc Day n cuo g Tron ht tie c ca o va p ghe g I6n c dug p ta i ba , hoi u ca o s t mo . trinh g chiron na ki thi'rc, kien Chudn theo hoc Day h sac o B ca, pham u s a nh , hoc a kho a nh u nhie a cu y p go , soan . phuang a di a i gio y da V G c ca , mon n chuye o da i ch o kha m tha h sac o b a l e s nang ki thifc, kien Chudn n hie c thir g tr 6 h , nirac a c g tron V G , due o gia f i n qua do gia g tron a gi h dan , tra m kie i mo i do , hoc y da p pha Nguy V g triran u V o Ph j ; . • Phanl DINH HirONG DAY HOC TIN HOC 10 • • • • THEO CHUAN KIEN THUTC, Kl NANG 1. Ve chuan kien thuc, ki nang, thai do va chirofng tnn h Chuan kien thiic, kT nang la can c u phap l i cho njpi hoat dong, tir viec bien soan (SGK, SGV, tai lieu boi duong GV) , den tridn khai day hoc (xac djnh muc tieu, no i dung ciia qua tnn h day hoc, k'lim tra danh gia, doi md i phucmg phap day hoc). r Viec hieu dung, hie'u sau s^c va n^m vung chuan kien thuc, kT nang la mot yeu cSu thiet yeu doi vai m6 i G V va can bo quan l i giao due. Dud i day la toan van Chuan kien thirc, kT nang mon Tin hoc Idp 10 duoc ban hanh trong Quyet dinh so 16/20()6/OD-BGD&D T ngay 05 thang 05 nam 2006 cua Bo trudng Bo Giao due va Dao tao. Chu de Mure do can dat Ghi chu Mot so khai niem cd ban cua Tin hoc Kien thut • Biet Tin hoc la mot nganh khoa hoc c6 1. Gi6i thieu nganh khoa hoc Tin hoc 2. Thong tin va dQ lieu doi tuong, noi dung va phu'dng phap nghien cuU rieng. Biet may tfnh vC/a la doi tuong nghien cuU, visa la cong cu. • Biet daoc su" phat trien manh me cua Tin hoc do nhu cau cua xa hoi. • Biet cac dSc trung UU viet cua may tinh. • Biet dUdc mot so ifng dung cua Tin hoc va may tinh dien tu" trong cac hoat dong cua doi song. Kien thiic • Biet khai niem thong tin, luong thong tin, cac dang thong tin, ma hoa thong tin cho may tinh. • Biet cac dang bleu dien thong tin trong may tinh. - Lay cac vi du ve ung dung Tin hoc trong doi song thudng ngay. 7 t da n ca o d e Mur e Chud c ca a v t bi a l n ti g thon o d i v n do u Hie • . bit a cu i bo i v n dd ' bieu g tron 6 1 , 2 o s a c m de e h c ca t Bie • . tin g thon n die . —. r-^ ^ —.1 — u thie i Gi6 . 3 h tin y ma ev a v n toa i Ba . 4 n toa t thua u ng n Ngo . 5 h trin p la nang Ki n do n ti g thon c duo a ho a m u da c Byd • . bit y da h than n gia thuc Kien a cu h chi'n i b t thie c ca g nSn c chLf t Bie • . tinh y ma i l n nguye o the c vie m la h tin y ma t Bie • . Neumann n Vo . J nang Ki a cu h chin n pha o b c ca 6\Jac t bie n Nha • . tinh y ma thifc Kien , toan t thua a v n toa i ba m nie i kha t Bie • . toan t thua a cu t cha h tin c ca o s g ban n toa t thua n die u bie h eac u Hie • . budc c ca e k t Me g ban a v i kho od . dung g thon n toa t thua o s t mo u Hie • nang KI o s t mo i gia n toa t thua c duo g dun y Xa • c hoa i kho o d o s g bSn n gia n do n toa i ba . bu6c c ca e k t lie thiic Kien , may u ng n ngo m nie i kha e dup t Bie • . cao c ba U ng n ngo a v r ngC p ho Chud e MCrc d o ca n dat G h i ch u Kien thut 7. Phan me m may ti'nh 8. Cac Crng dung cua Tin hoc 9. Tin hoc va xa hoi. • Biet khai niem phan me m may tinh. • Phan biet duoc phan me m he thong va phan me m Cfng dung . Kien thiic • Biet dupe ling dung chu yeu cua Tin hoc trong cac ITnh VL/C doi song xa hoi. • Biet rang c6 the sCr dung mot so chu'dng trinh ifng dung de nang cao hieu qua hoc tap, lam viec va giai tri. Kien thut • Biet du'pc anh hudng cua Tin hoc doi v6i su" phat trien cua xa hoi. • Biet du'pc nhC/ng van de thupc vSn hoa va phap luat trong xa hoi tin hoc hoa. Thai do • Co hanh vi va thai dp dung d^n ve nhC/ng van de dao dire lien quan den viec SLTdung may tinh. - Ke dupe cac loai phan m e m Ung dung. • - Lay cac Ung dung Tin hoc trong truong, 6 dia phuong de minh hoa. - Nen gidi thieu mot so dieu luat, nghi dinh ve ban quyen, chong toi pham Tin hoc cua nude ta. II. He die u han h Kien thub • Biet khai niem he dieu hanh. - Khong gan CLfng vao mot he dieu hanh cu the 1. Khai niem he dieu hanh 2. Tep va quan li tep 3. Giao tiep vdi he dieu hanh va xCr li tep • Biet chLfc nang va cac thanh phan chinh cua he dieu hanh. Kien f/7uc • Hieu khai niem tep va quy tac dat ten tep. • Hieu khai niem thu" muc, cay thu" muc. Ki nang • Nhan dang dUpc ten tep, thu muc, duong dan. • oat duoc ten tep. th u myc . Kien thiit • Hieu dUdc quy trinh nap he dieu hanh, lam viec vdi he dieu hanh va ra khoi he thong. nao, ma trinh bay nhung nguyen li chung. - He dieu hanh dupe xet dudi goc do ngudi scrdung. - Can xay dUng cac bai thuc hanh va to chUc thuc hien tai phong may de HS dat dupe nhUng ki nang theo yeu cau. - Thuc hanh tren he dieu hanh cu the la Windows . - Phan biet cac each t da n ca o d e Mur e d u Ch o sa ; li T XL c ta o tha c ca c dircf u Hie • a xo a v o ta , tep n te i dd , tep a xo , tep p che . muc J th nang KT . dung g thon h len o s t mo c du'p n hie c Thu • a v p te i v6 c ta o tha c ca c duo n hie c ThLf • ' thu n te i dd , chuyen i d , xoa , tao ; muc " thu . tep a v c mu o s t Mo . 4 i hant u die eh n bie o ph thut Kien . hanh u die e h a cu n trie t pha r sC h lic t Bie • t mo a cu n ba d c g tru'n c da d s t mo t Bie • . nay n hie h han u die e h os n ba n va o tha n Soa . III thuc Kien n soa e h a cu g chun g nan c chif c ca t Bie • . ban n va o tha i (k n ba n va g tron f I " xu i v n do c ca t Bie • . trang) , doan , dong , cau , tilr , tLf n soa n de n qua n lie e d n va c ca t Bie • i kha o s t Mo . 1 n ba d c m nie ' . - • • - I •- . Viet g tien n ba n va o tha Chud e Miirc do can dat Ghi chu dong tep, tao tep mdi, ghi tep van ban. Klen thut 3. Mot so chLfc nang soan thao van ban 4. Mot so cong cu tro giup soan thao 5. Lam viec v6i bang • Hieu l:; §9. Tin hoc va xa hoi fhT ! Chirang 2. He dieu hanh 12 tier (8LT. 4 BT& TH. 0 BT) § 10. Khai niem ve he di^ii hanh §11. Tep va quan If tep §12. Giao tiep voi he diau hanh Bai tap va thirc hanh 3. Lam quen voi he dieu hanh Bai tap va thirc hanh 4. Giao tiep voi he d\iii hanh Windowns Bai tap va thirc hanh 5. Thao tac voi tep va thir muc § 13. Mot so he dieu hanh thong dung Chuong 3. Soan thao van ban 20 tiet (S LT. HBT&TH. 4BT) §14. Khai niem v6 soan thao van ban §15. Lam quen voi Microsoft Word Bai tap va thirc lianh 6. Lam quen voi Word § 16. Dinh dang van ban Bai tap va thirc hanh 7. Dinh dang van ban § 17. Mot so chirc nang khac § 18. Cac cong cii trg giup soan thao Bai tap va ihuc hanli 8. Sir dung mot so cong cu trg giup .soan th §19. Tao va lam vice voi bang Bai lap va ihirc hanh 9. Bai lap va ihirc hanh long hop Chirang 4. Mang may tinh va Internet 12 tie) (6LT. 4BTSc TH. §20. Mang may tinh §21. Mang thong tin loan can Inlcrnel §22. Mot so dich vii co ban cua Internet • : Bai tap va thirc hanh 10. Sir dung trhih duyct Internet Fixplorer Bai tap va ihuc hanh 1 1. Thir dien tiV va may tim kicm thong tin 2 BT) 13 trgiig cjiiaii y cliu so Mot c) ' t mo a qu h hin h din c diro n ba o c i nien i kha o s t Mo • t nha g khon r chi , dcin c xa h chin n de n gia n do o d i No . tien u dii n ca p tie n Ia r ti y nga c xa h chm , du y da cS H a cii u th p tie u s i vd p ho u ph S d a t o m h eac o the . che t cha r si t tha c logi i vo k xi h chin a nghi h din t thiia g nhiin i vd n da n qiie S H e d n kie d\6u o Ta • . hoc n Ti n mo i vo i dd t thie n Cci u did u nhie h man n nha g khon h tin y ma u thie i gid n Pha • tiy ma c trii u ca u thie i gidr a l u ye u ch a m h tin y ma n pha . yeu u ch n pha pb c duo m nie i kha o s t mo , trinh p la r ngi n ngo n Pha • d t nha t thie n ca u thie i gid g nhim a l c mii d e ch n ha i c h iieii khd))g y da g gian V Gi kh y va I V . dd m nie i kha c ca kliac. cao ndng tlit'fc kien rien n toa i ba d s t mo y ba h trin c vie , SGK g Tron • Hi. toan i ba t mo i gia h tiin a qu a v n toa t thua a l o na e th tie c inu a l n toa i ba t mo i gia h trin a qu u hie a v g chun i nd luyen re c vie g tron i co n hie e th h han c thu i ba c Ca • : day u sa n ba o c g nan T k c ca , may t dong/ta i kho g nan i K + u th a v p te f I n qua e d m me n pha g dun i si g nan T K + tn ba n va o tha n soa a v t ddng/thoa i khd g nan T K + , Windows g trudn i m d , Viet g tien o g g nan T K + Integ ban g man n tre n ti g thdn m kie m tl g nan T K + HS, ve phong each GV, va di6u kien thiet bi va moi tiircmg day hoc,... Chiing toi muon c6 them mot so trao doi nho dd viec tham khao tai lieu nay c6 the linh hoat hon: • Thai lirong cho m6i phan noi dung bai hoc chi la du kien, phan anh duoc phan nao moi quan tam den nhimg kien thuc, k l nang co ban, trong tani cua noi dung tiet hoc. • Voi quan diem yeu cau HS hoat dpng tich cue de tiep thu duoc kien thuc va ren luyen dugc k l nang, phan eung c6 a cuoi m6i tiet hoc duoc danh nhieu thoi gian de HS hoat dong tren nhCrng kien thuc cua tiet hoc do. Bai tap 6 cuoi mot so tiet hoc chu yeu la trac nghiem va co the chia lam 2 loai: co ban va nang cao. GV tuy theo doi tuong HS va dieu kien cu the di sir dung nhung bai tap nang cao khi cung co. Thong qua viec lam bai tap, HS tiep tuc tiep thu, Cling CO kien thirc va tu danh gia diroc ket qua thu nhan duoc trong tiet hoc. Neu khong con du thoi gian cho HS lam duoc het va chCra het cac bai tap 6 phan nay, GV c6 the' chon (cho cung co kien thirc) mot so cau tijy theo tlnh hinh thuc te. Nhung bai chua lam tren lop, GV nen giao cho HS lam 6 nha hoac cung c6 the' lay trong so bai tap do nhung bai cho kiem tra 15 phiit hay kidm tra 1 tiet. Cac bai tap trong SGK cung nhu trong sach bai tap bao g6m nhi^u mi'rc do khac nhau va khong doi hoi nhat thiet HS phai lam tiit ca, khong doi hoi GV phai chua tat ca (neu khong dii thoi gian). Tai lieu nay chuain bi cho phuong an tat ca cac bai dSu duoc GV chua hay huong dSn cho HS lam tren lop, voi tong thoi luong CO the' virot mirc phan pho'i chuong trinh. Do vay, trong tai lieu khong CO du kien thoi lugng cho nidi bai d phan chua bai tap. •i - Phan II THIET KE CAC BAI HOC TRONG SACH GIAO KHOA TIN HOC 10 THEO CHUAN KIEN THUfC, Kl NANG ir MOT SO KHA I NIEM C O BAN CUA TIN HO C I. Gid l THIEU CHUtJNG 1. Chuan kien thuc, kl nang can dat * Chud'n kien thucc - Biet sir ra doi va phat trien manh me ciia Tii i hoc do nhu cau khai thac tai nguyen thong tin cua con nguoi. - Biet cac kha i niem vt thong tin va dO lieu, bidu didn cac dang thong tin trong may tinh. - Biet cac thanh phan chinh cua he thong tin hoc, sa do cau triic cua may tinh, mot so thiet bj cua may tinh. - Biet noi dung ciia nguyen If J. Vo n Neumann. - Biet cac kha i niSm bai toan va thuat toan. - Biet va hieu thuat toan giai mo t so bai toan don gian. - Biet khai niem ngon ngir lap trinh, phan mem, cac bitoc giai bai toan tren may tinh. , r , - Biet cac ung dung ciia Ti n hoc trong mo i mat hoat dong cua xa hoi. * Chudn kl ndng - M a hoa duoc mot so thong tin don gian thanh day bit. • !<» _ Nhan biet duoc cac thiet bi chfnh cua may tinh. •• - Xa y dimg diroc thuat toan giai mot so bai toan don gian. TH'J VIEN TIV;H:-,:.V;-! THUANI 17 g liron i tho i pho n Pha . 2 a v u hie oS § ten t tie oS t thuye il p ta i ba t tie oS h han c thir av 1 §0 1 2 § 1 2 3 3 § 2 0 5 4 § 0 1 5 § 0 1 6 § 0 1 7 § 0 1 8 § 0 1 9 § 3 6 1 cdng Tong « C HO I BA C CA E K T THIE . B KH NGAN T MO A L C HO N TI . §1 t da n ca g nan l k, thirc n kie n Chua . I tiroi dd 6 c : hoc a kho h ngan t mo a l c ho n Ti t Bie - . rieng n cu n nghie p pha l a vir , ci'ru n nghie g tuon i do a l a vir h tin y ma t Bie - o d c ho n Ti a cii e mh man n trid t pha r si c duo t Bie - . tinh y ma a cu t vie u u g trim c da c ca t Bie - ma a v c ho n Ti a cii g dun g lin o s t mo c duo t Bie - HS thay dirge nhimg urrfg dung trong moi nganh nghe cung nhir nhimg ich Igi to Ion cua Tin hoc. - Mat khac, can giilp HS hieu ro hoc Tin hoc khong chi la hoc sir dung may ti'nh. Ngoai kl nang sii dung may tinh, mon Tin hoc a bac ph6 thong con truyen dat nhirng kien thuc pho thong ve nganh khoa hoc Tin hgc. - Khong nen bat HS hgc thuge long khai niem Tin hgc. Coi trgng viec hi6u hon la hgc thugc. De kiim tra sir hieu cua HS, c6 th6 yeu cau cac em tlm V I du. III. Tien trinh day hoc i On dinh Icfp: 2 phiit | Hoat dong cua HS va G V Ngi dung Thoi gian Hoat dgiig I: Tim hieu ihig clung cua Tin hgc va may tiiili dieii ti'f trong cac ITnh vi/c cua ddi song 13 ph GV. Mo ddu. Phat van: Chac rSng ai trong cac em cung tirng nghe noi v6 Tin hgc, may tinh dien tir (MIDT) . Tai sao ngay nay Tin hgc lai dugc di cap nhieu trong mgi ITnh virc cua xa hgi? GV. Giai thich. Ghi hoac chieu muc 1 cgt ben len bang. GV. Phat van. Em nao c6 the chi ra mot nganh nghe ma khong co sir tham gia ciia Tin hgc, cua MIDT ? HS. Tra loi (muc 2 cgt ben). GV can C O von hieu biet rgng de chi ra nhimg lien he cua nhimg nganh nghe do voi Tin hgc. GV. Tong ke't. Nhir cac em da thay, ngay nay gan nhu bat cir mot nganh nghe nao, mgt ITnh virc nao trong xa hgi cung deu van dung Tin 1. Trong vai thap ki gan day, xa hgi loai ngiroi c6 sir bung no ve thong tin. Thong tin tro thanh mgt trong nhimg nguon tai nguyen quan trgng nhat cua mgt dat niroc. Tin hgc ngay cang c6 nhieu img dung trong hau het cac ITnh virc cua xa hgi. Dien hinh nhu: - Trong cac nganh cong nghiep che' tao, MID T dieu khien cac day chuyen san xuat tir dgng, hg trg cac ki su trong viec thiet ke, mg phong. - Trong C O quan, cong so, MTDT la cgng cu dac lire de quan li ho so, in an giay to cong van ... - Trong ITnh virc truyen thgng. Tin hgc va m;ing internet da lam nen cugc (*;'\ch mang voi phirong thirc lien lac, cung cap nhimg cong cu lien lac nhanh, thuan tien voi u hie a v t sua g nan g tan m la di T MTO a v c ho , hoc n Ti 6 c d Nh . minh a cii g don t hoa a qu , may o ta e ch p nghie g con u nh c vir h ITn g nhOn u hie i hih u c g con m the 6 c a d . .. p nghie g non . Ian u nhid n le g dpn t hoa a qu u hie o ca g nan e d h hin n Ma \ t Chup m phi n Ba n i y Ma i ch l emai i V . 2 n hua , thii nhun i m d QiSn n luye dus i tha da tr nt ke u lie u lie . hoc la r tC y tha v i(u tiiili dac nln7?ig va trd vai thieit Giffi 2: dg/ig Hoat h eac c ho a l c ho n Ti c ho i pha o C. van t Pha GV. ? MTDT g dun us a Tr HS. r si t bie i ch g khon c ho n ti c Ho : thich i Gia GV. g nhun g tron t mo a l i ch T MTD . MTDT g dun n ca c kha u c g con g Nhiin . hoc n Ti a cu u c g con c ca , trinh p la u ng n ngo , toan t thua a l c ho i pha n ti c ho , khac t Ma . lieu i di d s a c n tre c ta o tha , thiet cAn t bie h'liu g nhun c duo 6 c m nha n co c ho 66 , dai n hie i ho a x t mo i va c dug p nha a ho 6i a kho a cu u tir h than g dun r si e lir g nan h than h hin . son i dd a v ta c ho tron c ho n Ti c ho La - 24/2 Td - nhan o D - s J chi d C - thdn c chie y ma d C - GV. Chii y: Tranh hoc thuoc long. Phai nkn duoc: tin hoc = khoa hoc nghien cuu thong tiji. Cu the la nghien ciiu khia canh nao cua thong tin? Do la phucfng phap thu thap, luu trO, tim kiem, truySn, bien doi thong tin mot each tir dong. The nao la tu dong? la su dung MTDT? va su dung MTDT de' nghien cuu cau true, tinh chat cua thong tin, phuong phap thu thap, luu tru, tim kiem, bien doi, truydn thong tin va ung dung va6 cac ITnh vue khae nhau eiia doi song xa hoi. MTDT vua la cong cu nghien euru vixa la muc tieu nghien cuu cua Tin hoc. Cong cu nghla la tin hoc sir dung MTD T de thuc hien cac thao tac xir li thong tin. Muc tieu nghla la Tin hoc nghien cuu che tao sao cho MTDT ngay eang hoan thien. IV. Bai tap co ban (GV ra de va chua tai lop: 10 phiit) Hay danh dau vao nhung menh d6 diing. • A. Tin hoe la khoa hoc v6 each sir dung may tinh. B. Tin hoc la nganh khoa hoc nghien cuu phuong phap xu If • va truySn thong tin. • C. May tinh la cong cu nghien cuu cua Tin hoc. • D. May tfnh la doi tuotig nghien cuu cua Tin hoe. E. Gan nhu moi ITnh vuc trong doi song ngay nay • d6u C O su gop mat cua Tin hoc va may ti'nh. F. May tinh uu viet hon con nguai d kha nang suy d'lin va tutVng tuong • G. May tinh co kha nang lam vice lien tuc va gan nhu khong bao gid nham iSn. V. t)ap an (A) sai. (F) sai V I voi cong nghe hien nay, kha nang suy dien cua may tinh con thua xa bo nao eon nguoi, con kha nang tuong tuong thi gan nhu chua co. Ciie menh d6 con lai diu dung. 21 DCLIA V N TI G THON . § 2 t da n ca g nan l k , thiic n kie n Chua . I c ca , tin g thon g luon , tin g thon m nie i kha t Bie - . tinh y ma o ch n ti g thon tinh y ma g tion n ti g thon n did u bie g dan c ca t Bie - bit a cii i bo c ca a v t bi a l n ti g thon o dj v n do u Hie - thon n di6 u bie g tron 6 2,1 o s o c m de e h c ca t Bie - o ca g Nan ASCI a m o b a giir u nha c kha r si a v n te c duo m Na - c ho y da n tie g phiran a v p pha g Phuffn . I I ho g dun u s a v n va t pha i vd p ho t ke h trin t Thuye - to s t mo h an m xe S He d u chie y ma : tien g Phuon - , , y: Lifii o kh m nie i kha g nhiJn a l u lie i di a v n ti g Thon - . bo o s u hie a d u de S H n Io n pha n ne u nhi6 a ho i ho ax , thuoc c ho S Ht ba di c xa h chin a nghT h djn t mo a r a du c ca c dito u th p tie S H 6i g son i do g tron e th u c u d I V . niem i kha , tfnh y ma g tron n nguye o s n did h'liu h eac 6 V - nhua l y da i v K SG 2 1 g tran 6 " nguyen o s n diS u "Bie u kie g ron o d u nh g cun u da 6 c n nguye o s p ho g truon . thiic n kie n chua i ngoa nam n pha cun K SG 1 1 g tran a M a L m de e h 6 v i no n Pha - - Phat bieu ve dang dau phSy dong a trang 13 SGK c6 the gay hi6u nham: "moi so thirc deu c6 the' bieu diln dupe dudi dang ±M xlO**^ Nguai doc CO the h'liu sai rang M va K la cac so hfai han cu ihi nao do. Thirc ra neu bieu di^n cac so v6 ti (pi, yfl ...) theo each do thi M se fo v6 han chir so, con K = +0 0 lam cho may khong the liru trir noi. Cau nay phai dupe hieu la: "Trong may tfnh moi so thirc dirpc xap xi hoa dudi dang ±MxlO ^ ... va chiing ta chiu sai so trong gioi han chap nhan dupe nao do". III. Tien trinh day hoc On dinh lop hpc, kie'm tra bai triroc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit Hoat dong ciia HS va GV Noi dung Thoi gian Hocit dong 1: Tim liieu khai iiieni thong tin va dil lien 7ph GV. Thong tin c6 the' dupe hieu theo nghia ta vSn dung hang ngay. Nhung hieu biet ve nipt ddi tupng thi dupe gpi \A thong tin v6 doi tupng do. GV. Ghi/chieu cot ben. GV. May tinh la cong cu de xu li thong tin, thong tin sau khi dua vao may tfnh thi dupe chuye'n thanh du lieu. Noi each khiic, du lieu la thong tin da dupe ma hoa 6 ben trong may tfnh. V i du: Cac thong tin vd ho Guom la: - Nam a quan Hoan Kieni, thanh pho Ha Npi. - Giua ho CO Thap Riia., ' , . Hoat dong 2: Tim hieu do'n vi do thong tin 15 ph GV. Thong tin hieu theo nghla dinh tfnh nhu tren rat kho do dem. Nguoi ta dua ra don vi: bit (viet tdt eiia binary digit - so nhi phan) 6i do lupng thong tin. GV. Ghi/chieu khai niem cot ben. GV. Phat van. Cac em hay tlm vf dii ve nhung vat eo 2 trang thai de minh hoa bit. HS. Co the^ se neu nhung vi du nhu: - bit la thong tin cho biet trang thai dong xu sap hay ngua. - bit la thong tin cho biet trang thai den tat hay bat. Khai niem: Bit la don vi co ban do thong tin, do la lUpng thong tin dii de xac dinh mot doi tupng dang a trang thai nao trong 2 trang thai ma no CO the'. t ma 6 c S Ht mo t bie o ch n ti g thon a l t bi - . mat.. ving y ha i Ngucf . nho t ra n ti g thon g luon a l t Bi GV. a ho a m e d t bi a cu i bo c ca g dun i pha at t mo u nh u d i V. song i do g tron n ti g thon g tran h tin i th u bie e d , em 6 5 O C c ho p lo n cd i th S H c ca a cii t ma g van y ha t ma OC . byte 7 y ha t bi 65 a " bit a cu i bo c "Ca c mu u Ghi/chie GV. . ben t co ilia boi Cue 8 = e -Byt o (kil B K - (meg B M a (gig B G - a -TB(ter a -PB(pet sod&i trong tin thong dang ccic hieu Tim 3: dpiig Hogt n ti g thon , song i dor g Tron : dat n DS GV. i dud a t g chiin l vo n de i gir c diro e th OC h eac i no , nhau c kha c thu h hin u nhie a l o D. nhau c kha h ken u nhid o the , khac . tin g thon a cii u nha c kha g dan c ca . ben t co u Ghi/chie GV. thg dan c Ca va g Dan - ..u Mie n Va hig Dan - n bi6 , thong Hoat doHg 4: Tim liieii viec mii hod thong tin trong tndy tinh 15 ph GV. DSn dat: Cac dang thong tin tren chi CO con ngudi mdi nhan biet va xir If dugc, con may tfnh chi xir h' dirge thong tin a dang chu6i bit. VI vay muon may tfnh hieu va xu h', thong tin ca« phai dugc bien doi sang dang day bit, viec do ggi la ma hoa thong tin. Vf dii: Ta quy udc trang thai bat - tdt ciia bong den dugc bieu dien tuong ung boi so 1 va 0, nhu vay chu6i bit 1010 se bieu di6n thong tin ve chu6i bong den nhu sau: GV. Ma rgng: Vay lam the nao de may tfnh hieu dugc van ban: cac chu cai, chu so, dau, kf hieu ...? Ta ciing phai ma hoa chiing thanh cac day bit. Cong cii d^ lam viec do la cac Bg ma. Trudc kia nguai ta su diing bg ma c6 ten la ASCII, con hien nay la bg ma Unicode. GV. Ghi/chieu cgt ben. Bo ma ASCII Kf tu Day bit tuong ung A 01000001 B 01000010 Ten ban nhac 'ABBA' khi dua vao may tfnh dugc ma hoa thanh day bit sau: 010000010100001001000010 01000001 Hoat dgng 5: Tim hien cac plnWng phdp hiei( dien thong tin trong may tinh 7ph GV. D3n dat: Chiing ta da biet rSng trong cugc song thong tin c6 the' c6 nhiSu dang khac nhau nhu van ban, hinh anh, am thanh ... nhimg may tfnh thl chi nhan biet dugc mot dang thong tin duy nhat la day bit. Vay van dt a day la lam the nao chuyen doi nhiing dang thong tin khac thanh ra day bit va ngugc lai? Chung ta se Ian lugt tim hieu each chiiyc'n doi tung loai sang dang day bit. Thong tin thudng c6 nhung dang sau: - van ban: kf tu (chu cai, dau, kf hieu ... ); - so: so' nguyen, so thuc; - hfnh anh; - am thanh. , y>, • M^iS so cicino fin tlioiig chuyen each hieii Tim 6: dgng HoLit l)it day dung o s a v n nguye o s : loai i ha n goi o S GV. g dun n que a t g chiin a m n nguye o S. thirc g dun t bi y da n co , phan p tha e hf c t vie al l V. phan j nh e h a o s a l i la h ti'n y ma o ch r tC n nguye o s c cii n chuye i pha n ca y va i nh g dan g san n pha p tha iWtn u bie g dan . lai c ngug a v n phii a n pha i nh e h m nie i kha u Ghi/chie GV. . ben t co i nh o s t bie o ch m e c Ca : luyen p Ta GV. n pha p tha e h g tron n diS u bie K lOO n pha ? nhieu o ba al o 9, = K 100 p da i Gia . G V o na e th u nh t vie c duo 6 o S : van t Pha GV. ? phan i nh e h g tron , 110 = 6,„ . G V t mo n chuyd h "Cac c mu u Ghi/chie GV. . ben t co a" phan i nh e h g san n pha p tha os g ciln n nguye o s a cu u da , ciuig i Cuo GV. a l 1 ( t bi 1 g ban u tr m k h tin y ma c dug . duong) u da a l 0, am u da i ngud c ho n ti g tron , ra n phii i nh e h i Ngoa o s o c m de e h a l c tiJ , hexa e h g dun n co at , D, C. B , A, 9. 2,.. , 1 , 0: so u ch 6 1 i vo 61 i tr a gi 6 c F, E, D, C, B. A o d g tron F , E g tron 5 1, 14 , 13 , 12 , 11 , 10 a l g im g tuon niei Kha c, 2 o s O C diu bie ed u d f v t Xe 1= 1011. 0 1 1 1 = chh Cac e h g san 2 o ch o d gho d u sa lei dua r ti 6 ' ngliTa la bie'ii di6n chiing ditoi dang day bit de may ti'nh hieu va xir h' dugc. GV. Trong may tfnh moi so thirc dirge xap xi hoa diroi dang dau phay dgng: ±M xlO"*^ trong do M la phan dinh tri (0,1 < M < 1), K la mot so ngiiyen khong am dirge ggi la phdn bae. GV. Sail do, may tfnh se bieu dien cac thong tin: dan eiia so, so M , dan cua K va so nguyen K theo each da lam voi cac so nguyen d phan tren. V i du: 12345,67 dirge bieu dil n duoi dang 0,1234567x10' Hogt dgng 8: Tim hieu each chuyen thong tin dang phi so sang dgng day hit 7 pi, GV. Nhir da noi d tren (Hoat dgng 4), eo the h'liu d'ltn eae ki tir bang day bit thong qua mot bg ma nao do, chiing han nhu ASCII hay Unicode. Vi du: xau ki tir 'TIN ' bieu diSn boi 3 byte sau: 01010100 01001001 01001110 GV. Khai quat lai van d6 bang each phat bieu Nguyen If ma hoa nhi phan 6 cgt ben. IV. Bai tap co ban Tliong tin eo nhidu dang khi'ic nhau nhu so, van ban. hinh anh, am thanh... khi dira vao may tfnh ehung deu dirge bien doi thanh dang day bit. /. Dien vao cho trong trong cac nienh de sent: (A) Thong tin phai dirge chuyen sang dang day bit triroc khi dirge may tfnh xir If V I ... . (B) Tcirn bit tao thanh don vi ggi la .... (C) Di ma hoa mot kf tir trong bang ma ASCII can ... byte. , ,. ^.j ' i (D) Thong tin dang van ban. hlnh anh, am lhanh dirge ggi chung la dang thong tin 27 day clifcfi cot hai d tin thong nine cue ghep Hiiy . 2 chi'nh. hoan de n va , so ) (1 . .. a l n ti g Tlion ) (A u nhie i duo i ta n t6 6 th 6 c n ti g Thon ) (B . .. u nh u nha c kha g dan t bi y da ) (2 t bi ) (3 . .. a l h an h hin , thanh m A ) (C a bi n tre , chi o ba n tre u t i k g (D)'Nhim . la.. ad ti g thon ) (4 ti g thon ) (5 . .. a l n ti g thon o d n ba f cc i v n Dcf ) (E hg nhCrn ) (6 . .. g dan a h tin y ma g tron u lie O D) (F e h g nhun a l a hex a v n pha i nh e H ) (G . .. a l t luo n Ia o s o c O C m de 6 1 a (7)2v day. sail can cdc trong dung de nienh dinh 'tc Xi 3. y da a l u lie : DO ) (E . byte u trie t mo = B M 1 ) (A .tinh y ma g tron tn be u lie O D ) (F . byte n nga t mo = B K 1 ) (B bn va , so : dang l n pha i nh a M ) (G . MB 4 102 = B G 1 ) (C . tin g thuon m de e H ) (H . KB 6 1 = e byt 4 1638 ) (D e h a v n pha i nh di hieu each sang day sail phan thap so cdc doi Hay 4. n a p Da . V may iiid iihat diiy tin thong dang U) hit day ... (A) 1. (F) sai: thong tin ben ngoai c6 nhieu dang khac nhau, nhung khi vao trong may ti'nh thi chi c6 mot dang la day bit. (G) diing. (H) sai: He dem thircfng dung trong tin hoc la he nhi phan va he hexa. 4. Cdch lam: cliia lien tiep cho 2 roi lay cliiidi so ilif theo tliii' tif iigirac tCf clif&i I en ta c6: 5= 101,; 7 - IIK ; 16= 10000,; 31 = 11111, i Bdi tap vd thuc hdnh 1 L A M QUE N V(3l THON G TI N vA M A HO A THON G TI N I. Muc dich yeu cau > . - Cling C O hieu biet ban ddu v6 tin hoc va may tinh. - Su dung bp ma ASCII de'ma hoa xau ki tu, so nguyen. J us.; ; - Bieu d\tn dugc so thuc duai dang dau phaiy dpng. I I. Phirofng phap va phirotig tien day hoc - Thuyet trinh ket hop voi phat van va su dung hoc lieu true quan. - Thoi luong: 45 phiit (1 tiet). III. Tien trinh day hoc On djnh lop hoc, kiem tra bai truac, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit Heat dpng ciia HS va G V Thtri gian Hout (long 1: Lam bai tap (a) SGK tiaug 16 deCi'mg co kien tlii'fc ve Tin hoc va vai trd ci'ia md\ 15 ph GV. Chia lop thanh cac nhom tu 3 - 5 em. Chang han moi ban la mot nhom. GV. Yeu cau HS lam bai tap (al), (a2), (a3) trang 16 SGK. Cac nhom c6 the thao luan voi nhau At di den thong nhat. HS. Lam bai tap trong 5- 8 phut. GV. Yeu cau tirng nhom bao cao ket qua, sau do cho cac nhom khac gop y. 29 : sau u nh n a p da , bai a Chu GV. ) (al ngifdi con iho toan hoan the thay the v6 tinh May . A n co e th y tha e th a chu h tin y ma c vu h ITn u nhie n co : Sai . .. c logi n lua y su , tugng g tuon , doan c T MTD . Sai tinh. nu'iy clung silt hoc la hoc tin Hoc . B , toan t thua a l c ho i pha n ca c kha u c g con g nhun , hoc . .. u lie t df o s o c n tre c ta o tha . dung a l ) (D a v ) (C n a g phuon c Ca . diing a l ) (B n a g Phucfn ) (a2 t bi n ha g chAn , tac y qu a r di i pha n ca t he c Trud ) (a3 tin i gio n dil u bie dt t bi 0 1 y da g dun e th o c i ma o d u sa U ii _ - A J . ii 16 fnmg SGK (c) vc) (h) tap bcii Lam 2: dcpng Hoat C. SGK 6 1 g tran ) (c , (b) p ta i ba m la S H u ca u Ye GV. . nhat g thon n de i d ^ d u nha i vo . phiit 8 5- g tron p ta i ba m La HS. co ch o d u sa , qua t ke o ca o ba m nho g tim u cil u Ye GV. 1g tran I ASCI g ban a tr i kh S H y u lir , bai a Chu . GV . nhau c kha a mO C g chiin l v g thuon : chO a v A HO u ch cm: Di'ip ' 'T ; ' •OiOOIllO = " -N ; ' -01010110 = V ' ) (bl ; ^01101001" ' 101110 1 'n'='0 GV. Yeu cau tirng nhom bao cao ket qua, sau do cho cac nhom khac gop y. !.GV. Chira bai: (1) Xem lar vi dii vt nhfrng dang b'\tu dien thong tin (van ban, hinh anh, am thanh) d trang 8- 9 SGK. (2) Bo ma Unicode ra doi sau, kich thucfc ]6n hon so voi bo ma ASCII cho phep chiia dung cac ngon ngu ciia nhi6u nude tren the gidi (Anh, Nga, Arap, chCr Viet ... ). GV c6 th6 vao Word, muc Insert/Symbol, chon font Times New Roman di HS quan sat bo chu viet cua cac nuoc ki tren. (3) He Hexa sir dung cac kf hieu: 0, 18 , 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. (4) Xem lai SGK trang 12-13 . (5) Diing • §3. Gidl THIEU VE MAY TINH 1. Chuain kien thirc, ki nang can dat - Biet chitc nang cac thiet bj chinh cua may tfnh. - Biet may tinh lam viec theo nguyen If J. Von Neumann. - Nhan biet dircfc cac bo phan chinh ciia may tinh. 2. Phuong phap va phmmg tien day hoc - Thuyet trinh ket hop voi phat van va sir dung hoc lieu true quan. - Phircfng tien: phan bang hoac may chieu. Lim y: - Muc 1 nen giang luot nhanh. Chii 66 cua bai nay la \'6 cac bo phan ben trong cua may tfnh. Muc 1 "Khai niem he thong tin hoc" khong theo chu 66 66 ma chi nh^m giiip HS quan sat may tinh tir mot goc do bao quat hofn 66 nhan thi'rc vai tro khong chi cua cac thiet bi phan cumg ma ca cua phan mtm va dac biet la vai tro quan If va dieu khien cua ngiroi sir dung. - Khai niem ""hp iilia rroiii^^' diroc dong khung d cuoi trang 20 SGK chi diing voi RAM , khong ap dung diroc cho ROM. - HS chira diroc hoc khai niem chirong trinh he thong ncn khai niem \'6 ROM a rrang 21 c6 the phiit bieu lai: ""ROM la loai bo nho irong chira mot so chirong trinh dieu khien thiet yeu doi voi boat dong cua may tinh va dirge hang 31 lO D . xuong t xua y ma i kh c truo n sS p na t xua n sa . dupe" i d6 y tha kn ne i b t thie i loa u nhi6 t ra u thie i gid y na i Ba - ti gid n ca g khon u nh u d i v , loai g tCm a cu t thua Tk 4 2 g tran a u nh h hin n ma a cu u ma p d e ch , giai n pha cau ye t da a l i b t thie a cii g nan c chii i vd m ke n te t bie c ho y da h trin n Tie . III a v t xe n nha , truoc i ba a tr m kie' , hpc p lo h din n O V G a v S H a cii g dpn t Hoa hoc Tin thong He niem khai liieii Tim 1: dgiig Hoat n ti g thon e H m nie i kha u chie c hoa i Gh GV. . ben t co a c hp 3 m go c hp n ti g thon e H : thich i Gia . G V : phdn h than c ca a v h tfn y ma n kie h lin c ca m g6 g CLin n Pha • i ta , loa , camera , in y (ma o tr u ph i b t thie . nghe...) h len y da a chu h trin g chuon a l : mem n Pha • . tinh y ma a cu c ta o tha c ca n khie u die i ha a c n khie u die a v f I n qua : dung u s i Ngud • . tren n pha h than Khdutru tinh nidv lia i tn'ic can do so en hi Tim 2: dgng Hoat i ngoa d nh o B r T GV. Giai thich nhu cot ben. GV. Sau day chiing ta se Ian luot tim hieu tCmg thanh phan trong so do. Co rat nhi6u loai may tfnh khac nhau nhung chiing d6u CO chung so do cau triic nhu tr6n. Cac mui ten trong so do bieu thi luong thong tin trao doi gii5a cac bo phan. Hoat dgng 3: Tim hieu vui trd vd cuii tgo ciia CPU 15 ph GV. Giai thich ten va chuc nang ciia CPU. CPU cLia hai hang san xuat Ion nhat, Intel va AMD. NhiJng hang cham trSng la cac chan ckm cua CPU. Ten goi: CPU = Central Processing Unit, dich ra la "Bo xiJr If trung tam" hay "Don vi xu If trung tam". Chiic nang: CPU la bo phan quan trong nhat ciia may tfnh, thuc hien phan Ion nhung thao tac tfnh toan xu If va di6u khien cac bo phan khac cua may tfnh thuc hien nhiJng phan viec con lai. Cau tao ben trong CPU: gom 4 thanh phan chfnh: - Bo 6\iu khien (Control Unit): didu khil n cac bo phan trong may tfnh. - Bo So hoc va logic('ALU): thuc hien cac phep toan so hoc va logic de xu If du lieu. - "Cache va Thanh ghi (Register): la 2 loai vCing nha CO toe do truy xuat rat nhanh, dicing de luu tru nhung thong tin tam thoi hoac thuong xuyen duoc diing den. Hogt dgng 4: Phan logi va tim hieu vai trd ciia cac logi hg nha trong 15 ph GV. Dan ddt: Giong nhu con nguoi, may ti'nh cung can mot "to giay nhap" de ghi nhung ket qua tarn thoi trong khi thuc hien hang ti phep tinh toan va xir If. Sau day chiing ta se tim hieu "td giay nhap " trong may tinh c6 cau tao ra sao. - Phan loai: Bp nhd trong c6 the chia lam 2 loai: RA M va ROM. • RA M la noi chuong trinh dupe dua vao de thuc hien va 33 o B a l i go n co y ha , trong d nh o B: goi n Te - . memory) n (mai h chin a nh M RA ) (chip n kie h lin h than t Mo j ";^ ^^^^^^^^-«"rm i ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S AMIBIO g han a cu M RO p Chi . mach g ban n tre y ca c dtrg nal dug R A t ba mla i kh N• R O dun i do chu u ye y ma p na C- c ca , tu yMa u lir a qu lo idc cua trd vai hieu tini va loui Pliaii dgngS: Hoat c nhug t mo 6 c g tron d nh o B: d^ n va u Ne GV. u lu n ti g thon a c t ta l th y ma t ta i kh a l m di6 6 c n ca a t g chun y Va . het a xo j b g cun o d g trOn g khon a mn ti g thon c dug " tru l lul i b t thie g nhum . ngoai d nh o b a l o D. nuoi n die n ngu6 n ca Chi' 2 chi'eac ac u ph ngh Thief hi iiha USB Dia CD-ROM - Dia CD: toe do doc ghi cham horn so vai dTa cirng, thirong dimg de liai nhiJng dO lieu CO dinh. - Thiet bi nhd flash (thuong goi la USB): nho gon, dung luong kha Ion, toe do doc ghi cao va de sir dung. - DTa mtm, bang tir: it thong dung VI toe dp doc ghi cham, dung luong nho. Hoat dgiig 6: Phan log! vci tini hieii vai tvd ci'ia cue logi tliiet hi vao 15 pli Chi'fc ndiig: Thiet bi vao diing GV. Neu van de: Thong tin dirpc dira vao may nhu the nao? Bo phan nao ciia may tinh lam viec do? Do la thiet hi vao. Ban pliim va cliiigt Can dien kliien game Wclycani de dira thong tin vao may tinh. Phd)i logi: Tliiet bi vao gom nhieu loai nhu sau: - Ban phi'm: cho phep nguod sir dung nhap thong tin dang van ban bang each go cac phim. - Chuot: Giiip nguoi sir dung ra lenh cho may tinh thong qua viec bam vao nut bam de chon cac muc chon tiong menu ... - May quet (scanner): Cho phep dira van ban va hinh anh vao may tinh, ngliTa la chuyen thong tin dang van ban va hinh anh sang dang diiy bit. - Micro: Tlui am thanh de dira vao may ti'nh. - Webcam: Diing de thii thong tin dang hinh anh dira vao may tinh, sau do c6 the truygn den, nhfrng may khac trcn mang. 35 - m so dnh Mciy car ciia trd vai hieii tim va logi Phdn 7: dgng Hogt t ke , If u x a v n toa h tin i kh u Sa : thfch i Gia GV. 6 c i pha n Ca . bit y da g dan i dua i ta n to n va a qu a m g dan 6 v o tr o d t bi y da g nhCin n bie i b t thie . .. h an h hin , ban n va u nh c dua u hi6 i ngucf n co . ra i b t thie c ca a l o D Loa hinh Man C ' de P - batu - ba - ti vo Cl - th Hoat dgiig 8: Tim hieu cdc nguyen li hoat dgng cua may tinli 20 ph GV. Phat bieu nguyen If (eot ben). GV. Giai thich them ve lenh: - Tai m6i thai diem may tinh chi thuc hien diroc mot lenh, tuy nhien toe do thuc hien rat nhanh, c6 the len toi hang ti lenh/giay. - Lenh va du lieu ddu duoc luu trong cac 6 nho dudi dang ma nhi phan (day bit) va duoc truy xuat (lay ra hoac ghi noi dung moi vao) thong qua dia chi cita cac 6 nho do. GV. Tong hop lai va phat bieu nguyen If J. Vor Neumann. TJ May tfnh hoat dong theo chuong trlnh, nghla la no c6 the' thuc hien duoc mot day lenh cho trudc (goi la chucmg trinh) ma khong can sir tham gia true tiep ciia con nguoi. - May tinh hoat dong mot each tu dong theo chuong trinh, tiic la mot day lenh cho truoc, ma khong cin su tham gia ciia con nguoi. - - Lenh va du lieu dtu duoc may tfnh luu tru dudi dang ma nhi phan trong cac 6 nhd va duoc truy xuat theo dia chi cua 6 nhd do. IV. Bai tap co ban: (GV c6 tha danh 15 phiit chua mot bai va goi y tra Idi nhiJng bai con lai) (2) O) 37 tioii tilth may cua plidn tlidnli cdc ten dien Hay 1. : ) (1 : ) (2 : ) (4 : ) (5 : ) (6 : ) (7 da difdi cot hai a tin thong nine cdc ghep Hay . 2 chiiih. liodn de t6 nhoc p b i loa a l ) ( I . .. M RA ) ( A a v h len c ca r tri m k e d phan o b c ca m go ) (2 . .. M RO ) (B . trp u ph i b g chuon c ca m go ) (3 . .. t Uni l Contro ) (C n khid u die h len y da dig nan c chir O C ) (4 . .. U AL ) ( D . ti'nh y ma g tron trin g chircfn i no a l ) (5 . .. i gh h Than ) (E chug nhun a chii ) (6 . .. e Cach ) (F n sa g han e dup , trpng . toi g dun e dup c o nh o b i loa a l ) (7 ) (Hardware g cim n Pha ) (G di, ghi h than u sa i ch phe c ca n hie c thu ) (8 ) (Software mim n Pha ) ( H D. ^'^-^ E. " . F. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^ H .0 ^ r M . N. 4. /yjv iWuili dan vao iihrfiig iiiciili de dung. O. A. Ma y tinh thirc hien Ian krol timg lenh, het mot lenh thi ngiroi dieii khicn lai dira lenh tiep theo vao d^ xi'r li . • B. Lenh va dir lieu phai diroc dira vao may diroi dang ma nhi piian. • C. Ma y tinh c6 the tir dong thirc hien ca mot day lenh cho tiiroc • khong can sir tham gia ciia con ngiroi. D. Trong liic thirc thi chirofng tiinh , khi can, ciic lenh va du lieu se do ngiroi dicu khicn true tiep nap vao may. • 39 dud h len c ca n hie c thir a v u hie thi 6 c h tin y Ma . E . vao a du i ngua n co o d n nhie r ti u ng n ngo truo a nh o b o va p na c dug i pha u lie u d a v h Len . F . n a p Da . V CPU; tarn tnmg li xi( Bp (2): vao; hi Thiet (I): /. thi'ftu). trong quan (khong i b t Thie : (7) ; ngoai o nh o B : (6) ; trong d nh o B : (5) ; B - ) (6 ; A - ) (5 ; C - ) (4 ; H - ) (3 ; G - ) (2 ; E - (D . 2 (D) ci'fng; dia 6 (C) hinh; man (B) RAM; (A) 3. (I scanner; (H) webcam; (G) USB; (F) CDROM; in; may (M) (projector); chieii may (L) ; nghe tai (K) dung. (F) va (C) (B), de Menh 4. g tim g du i pha g khon n khiS u did i Ngua : sai ) (A nga a c i ta a chii ' the 6 c ) trinh g (chuan h len y da len c ca , trinh g chuan i th c thir i kh c Trud : sai ) (D . do a m ti y ma i th n cd i kh e d a nh o b o va n sS nhy du n dil u bid g dan u hid i ch h tfn y Ma : sai ) (E hdn thuc vd tap Bdi TY MA l V6 N QUE M L A Lifu y: ft • . : - Thdi lirgng: 135 phiit (3 tiet). - Trong lop c6 th^ mot bo phan HS da biet sir dung may tinh do duoc hoc tir cap dudi hoac a nha c6 may tinh. Di cac em nay khong nham chan va gay mat trat tir, GV nen nhan dien truoc, sau do trong qua trinh giang goi cac em tra loi. Khi thirc hanh thi xep cac em do vao cac nhom de lam vai tro huong din nhifng em khac chua biet. III. Tien trinh day hoc On dinh Idp hoc, kiem tra bai truoc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit Hoat dpng ciia HS va GV Npi dung Thdi gian Hoat dgiig J: Nlidii dien cue HS da biet si( dung may tinli 5ph GV. Yeu cau: Trong lap ta, em nao da biet sir dung may tinh do duoc hoc a cap duoi hoac do nha c6 may tinh thi gio tay? HS. Gia tay tra lai. GV. Nhan dien va ghi nhd ten cac em, c6 th6 ghi lai danh sach neu can. Hoat dpng 2: Nlidn dien vd lam quen vai man liinh 10 pli GV. Giai thieu: Man hinh la loai thiet bi ra CO ban nhat. Cho HS quan sat va nhan dien 2 loai man hinh: man hinh CRT cu va man hinh LCD nidi hien dai. Loai man hinh CRT to nang, sir dung ong phong tia am cue nen anh huong xau tdi siic khoe ngirai sir dung. Loai man hinh phang LCD hien dai han, sir dung cong nghe tinh the long nen khong anh hirang tdi siic khoe va thi lire. GV: Gidi thieu hinh dang cap nguon va day tin hieu man hinh. Chi cho HS vi tri va hinh dang khe cilm cap tin hieu man hinh d phia sau than may. © b iihdt: cahdii vao hi thiet clien Nlidn 3: d6ii(^ Hout j v , phim n ba a cii g nan c chu u thie i Gia GV. m phf o s t mo a cu g dun c ta , phim m cu c ca f tr . .. k CapsLoc , Enter , ESC u nh t bie c da g tien u cii t mo / tir i k g don t mo o g p Ta HS. . ciiu u ye V Ga mt Vie g nan c chu m phi 21 A ^ iiiijij^iuiiXiLljijjij^ifija; ! esu-ii ^ rnt I I L I : rI I Jj I \\ \ FI I ; |[[ 5I I I I lii? I j )HNN[iv [-ji2jlji •^icJ II;J[ 'H^^T T1 f .-.tr i phi m cu ' chu m phi m cu ^^' ^ ® ^ u da a v 6(s o tr Hogt dgng 5: Cong dung ci'ui the nha USB GV. Giai thieu cong dung kru trifc cua the nha USB va lam mSu thao tac copy dft lieu vao/ra tir USB. GV. Liru y HS. khong dirac tiiy tien riit USB. Lam m5u thao tac riit USB khoi may. GV. Qii cho HS vj tri va hlnh dang ciia cong (khe cdm) USB. Liai y HS la khong chi the nha ma gan nhu dai da so cac thiet bi ddu c6 the ket ndi vai may tinh qua cong USB nhu may in, may quet, may anh, dien thoai di dong ... Hogt dgng 6: Vi tri vd vai trd ci'ia cap ngnon may tinh. 6 cam GV. Giai thieu hlnh dang 2 dfiu cfim ciia day nguon may tinh. GV. Lim y HS: Dilu cSm vao 6 dien c6 the c6 nhieu.hinh dang: 2 chan tron, 2 chan det, 3 chan ... nhung dau cam vao may tfnh chi c6 mot ki6u duy nhii't. Hogt dgng 7: Tim hien liinh dgng vd hogt dgng ciia may in GV. Giai thieu: May in la loai thiet bi la pho bien. Hien c6 nhicu loai may in nhu may in kini, may in laser, may in phun... Chiing c6 thd in den trdng hoac in mau (it gap). GV. Giai thieu sa luac vd hoat dong ciia may in laser: Tia laser khac chfr len tro'ng, nhfrng diem da duoc khStc chu tin se hiit inirc tu hop mirc va Ian len giay. Cuoi ciing bp phan say se say kho mirc tien giay. 10 ph 10 ph JO ph 43 d ci'ia doiig liogt vci (Igiig hiiili liieii Tim 8: dgiig Hoat o s t mo a v g nan c chii , tao u ca u thie i Gid GV. : cumg a dT a cu g dpn t hoa o s g thon g tron h trm g chuom , lieu u d a c t ta r trC m Li - m la a dl c chie t mo n tre i gh c duo g Chiin . may i ba u ph o ba c duo t ma e b , loai m gom/ki g ban p la c dug g cum a DT . tinh r ti u lie t va p lo t mo . may g tron h djn OC 0 700 g khoan o d e to i vd y qua c do u Da - . dTa n le n ti g thon i doc/gh e s t vong/phii tiinh qua vd may hat/tat each thieu Gioi 9: dpng Hoat c ta o tha y da n hie c thir S Hi md u ca u Ye GV. : may t ta i ro g don i kho e d u sa . birdc c ca u t n tua n hie c thit m e Timg HS. h ti'n y ma n nguo p ca m ca c vie a tr m Kie . 1 , hinh n ma o va u hie n ti y da m ca , dien 6 o va . .. h hin n ma c ta g con t ba g thon g nhun t sa n qua , may c ta g con t Ba . 2 n ma n hie c lii n de o ch h hin n ma n tre n hie n ti . Windows a cu n logi h hin . khau t ma a v n te o G. 3 / Start t nu o va m ba , Windows o va i kh u Sa . 4 . may t ta e df of n Tur dgn liogt vd ndng chi'(c thieu Gidi 10: dgng Hoat kem theo g6m: may in, the nho USB, loa, tai nghe, camera... GV. Pho bien cong viec: Trong nhom Ian lirot timg em dirng len giai thich ve cau tao, phan loai, chufc nang va each boat dong cua nhiJng thiet bi ma GV vira gidi thieu. Sau do duoc quy6n chi dinh thiet bi ma ngudi trinh bay ke tiep phai trinh bay. §4. BAI TOAN VA THUAT TOA N I. Chuan kien thurc, kl nang can dat - Biet khai niem bai toan va thuat toan, cac dac trimg chinh cua thuat toan. - Hieu each bi6u didn thuait toan bang so do khoi va ngon ngiJ liet ke. - Hieu mot so thuat toan thong dung. - Xay dimg dircrc thuat toan giai mot so bai toan don gian, hiiu diin bang so 66 khoi hoac ngon ngu liet ke. I I. Phirofng phap va phiromg tien day hoc - Thuyet trinh ket hop vai phat van va sir dung hoc lieu trirc quan. - Phuong tien: may chieu, phan, bang. Lint y: - Vf du 4 trang 32 SGK chua du yeu to da xac dinh thuat toan. GV nen tham khao bai tap 1 phia dirdi. - 6 bai nay HS moi bat dau lam quen vai khai niem thuat toan, do do thuat toan "Tim kiem nhj phan" (Binary Search) c6 the' kho h\iu, GV chi nen trinh bay tai cac lap trinh do HS kha, gioi neu thai gian cho phep con voi cac Idfp thuang thi nen bo qua. III. Tien trinh day hoc ; i. L i • i 4 ^ On dinh lap hoc, kiem tra bai trircfc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit ' •''-> 45 iNp V G a v S H a cii g don t Hoa " toan "hai iiieiii klidi liieii Tim 1: dpiig Hogt dii: Vi " toan i "ba n de i no i kh , hoc n Ti g Tron GV. y ma n miio a t o d o na c vie t mo n de i no al : phan h than i ha tit o ta n ca , hien c thu h ti'n n ti g thon , biet a d n ti g thon c ca : Input - . tinh y ma o va a dir y ma n ca , tim n ca n ti g thon c ca : Output - . ra a dir h tin t he c trira n toa i ba t mo i gia e d , hoc n ti g Tron . gi a l t Outpu a v t inpu o r h din c xa i pha n be t co u chie c hoa i Gh GV. t Outpu a v t inpu h din c xa y ha m e c Ca GV. : sau n toa i ba g nhim a cu 4 6 c t nha e b g phiton h chin o s m Ti . 1 i Ba - . so S ch , a n ngiiye o s a b m xe a tr m kie y Ha . 2 i Ba - . khong y ha g con o s p ca h than m la O C c , b : dap i Gia GV. : 1 i Ba 6 c g khon Input: 4 102 Output: : 2 i Ba c , b , a n nguye o s a b : Input i lo a tr u ca : Output "" nguos Inpu nos g duon 1 8, 5 5 dii: Vi gphuofn a x Inp , a c thir 1,3,- 9 1,6, 2,-3, (In: Vi n nguye g duon Hoat dgiig 2: Tim liieii kliai iiieni tintdt foaii 55 pli GV. Sau khi da xac dinh ro inpu t va Output, van dt tiep theo la lam the nao tim ra Output ttr thong tin da c6 (input) . GV. Ghi khai niem len bang: ''Thuat toan de gidi /not hdi todn Id nipt dd\ Inlii liaii cdc tliao tdc difOc sap xep theo mot trUih tif xac dinh sao cho sau khi tliifc hien day thao tdc do, tif Inpu t ciia hdi todn, ta se iihdn difpc Output (•(//; tinr. Tom tat: Thuat toan phai dam bao 3 didu kien sau day: - Tinh dimg : voi mp i Input , thuat toan phai ket thiic sau huu han thao tac. - Ti'nh xac dinh : sau m6 i buoc chi c6 diing mo t thao tac xac djnh 6 birdc tiep theo. - Ti'nh diing : sau khi thuat toan ket thiic ta phai thu duoc Output can tim . GV. Xet thuat toan giai bai toan ti m nghiem ciia phuomg trinh bac hai: ax" + bx + c = 0 (a 7t 0) • ' ^ Budc 1: Nhap a, b, c (a ^ 0) Budc 2: Tinh A = b ' - 4ac Biroc 3: Neu A>0 thi ket luan: phuong trinh c6 2 nghiem phan biet la - / ) + V A . -b-JX ., u . ^ va va ket thuc thuat toan. 2a 2a Budc 4: Neu A = 0 thi ket luan: phuong trinh co nghiem kep la -b/2a va ket thiic thuat toan. Neu khong chuydn sang biroc tiep theo. Biroc 5: Ket luan phuong trinh v6 nghiem va ket thiic thuat toan. Chii v.- 0 budc 3, neu thay A < 0 thi ddi tirong thuc hien thuat toan hieu la phai chuydn sang budc 4 tiep theo. Tuong tu vdi budc 4. neu thay A < 0 thi tir doiig chuyen sang budc 5 tiep theo. i . Kiem tra cdc dac tnfng ci'ia thiidt todn: - Tinh dimg : Thuat toan nay chi cd tdi da 5 thao tac (budc). - Tfnh xac djnh : 5 bade dirge quy djnh ro rting, khong the hieu theo each nao khac. - it : \ - Tfnh diing: vdi inpu t la bo 3 so thuc a, b, c (a 0) chiic chiin day thao lac tren se dira deii ket luan nghiem chinh xac. GV. Xet thuat toan giai bai toan ti m gia tr i Idn nhat ciia mot day so. 4^ ^ a . .. , a, o s y da a v N p nha . 1 c Buof n ga , max o ch , a n (ga ; 2 — < i ; , a — < x ma . 2 c Bud tht ke a v x ma i tr a gi i th n hie i th N > i u ne . 3 c Biro . theo p tie e bad n hie , a — < x ma i th x ma > , a u ne . 4 e Bu6 . 3 e bud i la y qua i ro 1 i+ — < i . 5 e Bu6 todn: thudt cua triOig due cue tra Kiem o d , tae o tha ) 2x(N-l + 2 a di to o e i Ch : dijrng h Tin - 4 e buo i ha o d i Kh . dSn g tan u t i thi o the p xe c dug . Ian 1 n hie c thu i ch 2 a v 1 e buo n eo , Ian y qu e duo e buo 5 n hie e thu u t i Thi : dinh e xa h Tin - . khac o na h eac o the u hid . diing a qu t ke n de a du n ehS e ChS : diing h Tin - bao s i ha a cu N l/CL m ti n toa i ba t Xe : van t Pha GV. (a-b,N LTCL = ) (a,b N l/CL ? khong y ha n toa t thua i pha 6 c y da u sa m la h Cac b , a n nguye o s 2 p Nha . 1 e Buo a = . N l/CL n lua t ke i th b = a u Ne . 2 e Buo b a v a a cii j tr a gi i v n hoa i th b < a u Ne . 3 e Bu6 . 2 e buo i la y qua ; b - a <— a . 4 e Buo e th o e i v n toa t thua a l i pha g khon : dap i Gia GV. . buoe e ca i th 5 1 = b , 35 = a p ho g truofn i Vo g eon h than g Nhun 5 - = b HoLit dgng 3: Tim hieu each bieu dien thudt todn 25 ph GV. Sau day chiing ta se tl m hieu mot so thuat toan co ban va each bieu dien chiing bang so do kho i hay bang phuong phap liet ke, nhimg truoc tien chiing ta hay tl m hieu xuat xi i thuat ngO "Algorithm " - Thuat toan. GV. Gh i hay chieu cot ben. GV. Thuat toan c6 the biau didn theo 2 each. Cach hiiu dil n theo tiTng birdc nhu tren gpi la phuong phap liet ke. Sau day la bi6u ditn thuat toan "tl m gia tr i \dn nha't ciia mo t day so" bang scfdo khoi: Nha p N va day a, ... a^ M a x <—a,; i <—2 Dira ra M a x r6 i ket thuc GV. Chieu Chii thich (c6t ben). Muhammad Musa- Al-Khwarizmi - Nha toan hoc, thien van hoc ngucfi Ba Tu. Thuat ngir "algorithm " (thuat toan) la ten ong doc theo phien am tieng Latinh. Ong la mot trong nhCmg ngucji dau tien tl m ra each giai phuong trlnh bac 4. I Chu thich: OHln h thoi: the hien thao tac so sanh Hln h chii nhat: the hien cac phep tinh toan Hln h oval: the hien thao tac nhap xuat dO lieu M u i ten: the' hien trinh tu thuc hien thao tac 49 nguy tinli tra Kiem todn tliudt liieii Tim 4: dgng Hoat dUffng nguyen so i kho 6 d So N Nhap g Diin Hocit dpng 5: Tim liieii thudt fodii Sdp .xep hang trdo doi (Exchange Sort) hay cdn ggi Id Sdp .xep noi hot (Buhhle Sort) 40 ph So do khoi .,.H ... , Phdt hi en hdi todii: Cho day A g6m N so ngiiyen a,, a., ... afj. Hay sap xep cac so hang de day A tro thanh day khong giam. Mo td thudt todn tlieo each liet ke: Input : day gom N so nguyen a|, ai, ... 'A^. Output : Day diroc sdp xep lai theo thu tu khong giam. Biroc 1: Nhap N va cac so hang a,, ... a^. Biroe 2: M <- N. ' Biroc 3: Neu M < 2 thi dua ra day da diroc sap xep roi ket thijc. Biroc 4: M M-1 ; i <- 0; Birdfc 5: i <- i + 1 Buoc 6: Neu i > M thi quay lai birdc 3. Bade 7: Neu a- > ai^^, thi trao doi a, va a,^| cho nhau. Birdc 8: quay lai biroc 5. Chu tliich: i goi la bien chi so, nhan cac gia tr i Ian luot tir 0 den M+1 . .1 \V i;>:i ''. . 51 tu kiem Tim todn thugt hieu Tim 6: dpng Hogt Search) Phdt ^ a. .. , a y da a v k, N p Nha g khon Ay da o ba g Thon i tr a gi 6 c o na g han o s OC c thu t ke i ro k g ban o Ch .. , a, i (go t xua khon tMo Inpu m go Outpthon o na c Buo khoa Bu6c Bua s i ch c Bud c Bua y da ta gi c Bud Chii gc ca phdn nhi kiem tim todn thugt hieu Tim 7: dgng Hogt ) gian i tha O C u ne - Birac 3: Giua D au + Cuo i Buoc 4: neu a^^^^ = k thi thong bao chi so Giua, ro i ket thiic; Biroc 5: neu a^;,,, > k thi dat Cuoi <- Giua - 1, roi chuySn den budc 7; Buoc 6: Dau <— Giua + 1; Buac 7: Neu Dau > Cuoi thi thong bao day A khong co so hang nao c6 gia tr i bang k, r6i ket thiic. Birdc 8: quay lai buac 3. Chii thfch: Bien chi so i nhan cac gia tr i Ian lugt tijr 0 den N+1 . So do khoi Nhap N , k va day a, ... T Dau <-1; Cuoi <— N Giua <- [(Dau+Cuoi)/2] Sai : w sv cm J saoT Dira ra gia tr i Giua roi ket thiic D au Cuo i < - N — • < Thon g bao day A khon g CO so hang nao CO gia tr i bang k ro i ket thuc 53 ) phut 0 (2 n ba a c p ta i Ba . I V u d i v o ch y Ha : SGK 2 3 g tran 4 u d i v i la m La . 1 . Icfp a cu p ta c ho i loa p xe n toa i ba a cu . lop g tron S H a cii m die g Ban : Input . luc c ho i loa p xe g Ban : Output ni kha g ran h min g chirn e d u d i v t mo m ti y Ha 2. . hoc n Toa g tron i vof c kha bic gia m ta a cii h tic n die h "Tin : toan i ba o Ch . 3 Ha . " (32,29) ; 8) , (-3 ; (12,6) a l t luo n Ia o n a cu ? khong y ha y na n toa i ba a cii n toa t thua t m o o ca g duofn a h o dr tC , dinh t mo n Cho : 1 c Buo • diei do h can a v o ca g duon i da o d o D: 2 c Buo • cana v o ca g duon i da o d a cu h tic y la : 3 c Buo • . qua t ke c ba h trin g phuon i gia n toa t thua n dil u bie y Ha . 4 . khdi o d o s g dan i dud 2 g don t hoa d n a p Da . V h din c xa i di a chu l th y va u nh i ch i ba diu u Ne . 1 c, diem n tre a du c lu c ho i loa n pha c ta y qu t mo tdc: Qny 5 < h bin g trun m die : Yeu - 5 7, < h bin g trun m die < 5 : binh g Trun - 8 < h bin g trun m die < 5 7, : Kha - Ho ten Hoc life Nguyen Van An Yeu Tran Van Binh Trung binh Le Thi Thu Gioi 2. V i du sau day la mot bai toan trong tin hoc, nhung khong phai ciia toan hoc: "//Jy xod man lihih ". 3. • Bifoc I: Clign nigf dinh, ti( do kg dtfdng cao .\iiong cgnli ddi dien. Chon m6t dinh la dinh nao? ddi vdfi may thl phai chi ro, chang han "tiJr dinh A ha dudng cao xudng canh BC". » * * s • » JJ- • Bifoc 2: Do do dai dif&ng cao va canh ddi dien tifang I'fng. Lam each nao d6 xac dinh chan duong cao H? Sau do lam each nao dt do do dai doan thang AH? Ta thay eo rat nhi6u yeu to eo the hieu theo nhieu each khae nhau, hoae khong dupe xac dinh ro rang. V i vay each lam tren khong phai la thuat toan VI vi pham tinh xac dinh. Nhap a, b, c (a ;t 0) A <- (b- - 4ac) Dun s Ket luaii: phiraiig trinh c6 2 ngliiem phan biet la: - b + >/A -b-V A 2a Za Ket liian: phirang trinh c6 nghiem kep la Ket liian: phirong trinh v6 nghiem Ket thuc 55 TRIP NGLTLA N NGO . §5 t da n ca g nan i k , thiic n kie n Chua . I v u ng p ho , may u ng n ngo m nie i kha c Bietjdug - o ca g nan u tie c Mu . dich h trin g chuon a cii o tr i va c duo m Na - cc ba h trin p la u ng n ngo o s t mo n te c duo d Nh - . Java , C++ c ho y da n tie g phiroti a v p pha g Phuon . I I g dun r siJ a v n va t pha i vo p ho t ke h trin t Thuye - mh an m xe S H e d u chie y ma : tien g Phuon - Pu nh g tron n qua h trin p la u ng n ngo g nhiJn a cu H SJSJ n " f^f' , Ritchie) s (Denni C y: LUK dic p ho h trin g chuon m nie i kha a qu o b n ne V G chuon i loa t mo a l y da g rSn S Hi vor h thic i gia n ca i ch n Ngo g dan g san J ngf p Ho g ban t vie h trin g chuon phm la h dic h trin g chuon i vd h dic p ho h trin g chuon . HS o ch u hie c ho y da h trin n Tie . III a v t xe n nha , trudc i ba a tr m kie , hoc p lo h din n O V G a v S H a cu g don t Hoa trinhlap ngil ngdn niem khai hieu Tim 1: dong Hoat Hogt dgng 2: Tim liieu khai iiieni ngon ngifnidy 5ph GV. Ma bai: Bai truac chiing ta da giai quyet bai loan theo nhiing thuat toan duorc mo ta bang each liet ke hay so do khoi, nhimg may ti'nh lai khong th6 hieu diroc nhimg each difen dat do. V i vay can phai di6n dat thuat toan theo each ma may tinh h'liu duoe, nghla la can mo ta thuat toan theo ngon ngiJ may. Dennis MacAlistciir Ritihie - Tc'n gid ngon ngCflgp trinh C Hogt dgng 3: Tim hieu ngon ngu may 7ph GV. Ghi hoae chieu khai niem ngon ngu may (cot ben) len bang. GV. Nhan xet: V i la ngon ngu cua may nen toe do thuc hien nhanh va khai thac duoe het kha nang cua may tinh, tuy nhien ngon ngi5 may rat bat tien cho nguoi lap trinh vi cac eau lenh duoe viet bang ma nhi phan rat kho nho va dai. Khai niem: Ngon ngii lap trinh dau tien ma con nguoi su dung la ngon ngu may, goi nhu vay la VI day la ngon ngu duy nhat ma may trnh hieu dugc. NhCrng ngon ngu lap trinh khac d6u . phai dugc dich sang ngon ngir may thi may tinh moi hieu va thuc hien dugc. Hogt dgng 4: Tim hieu Hgj? ngil 7 ph GV. DSn dcit: Sau ngon ngir may, ngon ngu thii hai da tirng duoe cac nha lap tnnh sir dung la Hop ngir (Assembly). Ngon ngu nay khong con a dang so nhi phan nhu ngon ngu may ma da c6 dang ehiJ cai, de nho doi voi eon ngu5i hon. GV. Ghi/ehieu vf du (cot ben). Giai thieh ring trong tieng Anh, AD D nghla la "cong". GV. Ghi/ehieu nhan xet (cot ben). Vi du: Lenh egng 2 toan hang chua trong 2 thanh ghi A X va BX, ket qua chiia trong thanh ghi A X A D D AX , BX Nhan xet: Hgp ngu v5n con phu thugc vao cau true phan cung cua may tinh. Mat khac dien dat bang Hgp ngu c6 nhidu han che va kho su dung, chang han nhu khong eo cac lenh the hien su lap lai mot so' thao tac nao do (lenh lap). cao hdc trinli Idj) iii>i7 iigoii liieii Tim 5: dgiig Hoat n ha u nhie n co n vS r ngi p ho I V: y n Chuye GV. n tie i ca c tu p tie i pha a t i ngud n ne e th u nh e ch o va i do a r a d o ca c ba h trin p la r ngi n ngo av . trudc i k e th a cu 0 5 i k p tha u da a nghT h thfc i Gia . ben t co u di v u chie / Chi GV. g ban h len u ca a v a kho r ti c ca a cu h An g tien : sau g ban Anh tieng NgliTa khoa Tif " dung r "si s Use a l a nghT , Variable a cu t ta t vie r V a " "bien " nguyen o "s r intege " dau t "ba n Begi a nghT Screen, Clear a cu t ta t vie r Clrsc " hinh n ma a "xo al " "lap t Repea " khi n de o "ch l Unti " ra t "vie e writ " vao c "do d rea n the . .. fi " ... i th g khon u ne . .. i th . .. u "ne . .. e els . .. " thuc t "ke d E n c Ca o ca . .. nhi duo chusan t mo trin Vi ngo c mu el nguUse rVa : X BegCl Re wr nguthure f i th IV. Bai tap CO ban de Cling CO (6 phiit) D'lin cac tir sau: cliifffiig trinh dich, ngon ngil nuiy, ngon ngil lap trinh. ngon ngil lap trinh hac cao, chifoig trinh, hoj) ngCfvao cho trong trong nhOng menh d6 duoi day de lam thanh menh de hoan chinh. 1 la tap hop cac lenh va dCr lieu dua vao de cho may thuc hien. , , 2 la ngon ngu de viet chuong trinh. 3 la loai ngon ngfr lap trinh duy nhat ma may tinh hieu duoc. 4 bi6u dil n cac lenh duoi dang so' nhi phan hoac hexa nen nguoi lap trinh kho su dung. 5 d l sir dung hon ngon ngiJ may, tuy nhien each dien dat vSn tuong ddi kho sir dung va con phu thuoc vao phan cirng may tmh. 6 gan voi ngon ngu lir nhien, c6 tmh doc lap voi phan Cling may tinh. 7. Ngoai , chuong trinh viet bang cac ngon ngir lap trinh khac d6u phai thong qua di may tmh c6 the hieu va thuc hien diroc. V. Bai tap nang cao Hay chon va danh dau vao nhirng menh d l diing. • Hop ngfr la ngon ngfr lap trinh ma ciic lenh la cac day bit. • Ngon ngfr may thuong duoc dimg de viet nhCrng chuong trinh kni va phiic tap V I CO tdc do cao. ^ r • Chirong trinh viet bang ngon ngu lap trinh bac cao c6 the chay duoc tieii nhieu loai may tinh khac nhau. • Chuong trinh viet biing ngon ngfr bac cao phai duoc dich sang dang hop ngii bang chuong trinh dich trudc khi dua cho may tinh thuc hien. . VI. Dap an Bai tap ca ban 1. Chirong trinh la tap hop cac lenh va dfr lieu dua vao de' cho may thirc h\tn. 2. Ngon ngi7 lap trinh la ngon ngfr de viet chirong trinh. 3. Ngon ngilnidy la loai ngon ngfr lap trinh duy nhat ma may tmh hieu dirge. 59 o s g dan i diro h len c ca n dil u bie' may ngil Ngon . 4 . dung r si o kh h trin p la i ngird n nhie y tu , may r ngi n ngo m he g dun r si iigildt Hoj) . 5 mg ciin n pha o va c thuo u ph n co a v g dun u s o kh i dd nr ti u ng n ngo i vo n ga cao bcjc trinh lap ngfr Ngon . 6 . tinh y ma g Clin n pha g ban t vie h trin g chucm , ra may ngi7 ngon i Ngoa . 7 6 d dich trinh c/iifong a qu g thon i pha u d6 e kha . dupe n hie c thu ' : o ca g nan p ta i Ba l lenh cac ma trinh lap ngil ngon la ngU ; //o/ • . may U ng n ngo nhi viet de diing duoc thifcmg may ngi? Ngon • len u ca c ca i v sai, cao: do toe CO vi tap phi'fc dg khon a v r nhc o kh y ma r ngi n ngo n ne n pha . tiep e tru g dun ha trinh lap ngil ngon hang viet trinh Chitang 0 ng dung, nhaii: khdc tinh may loai nhien tren . tinh y ma a cu g cun n phi e tru u ca i vo plidi cao ngon ngifhac hang viet trinh Chifcnig • cho difa khi trifoc dich trinh cliKOng hang ngil pho ea c ba i ngi n ngo g ban t vie h trin g chuon . may i ngi n ngo MA N TRE N TOA I BA I GIA . §6 + bai loan. + thuat toan. ' .•.<•. . + thiet ke chirofng trinh. + ket qua thu nghiem. ; u . i./u; + huong dan sir dung. S .,„!!!, - II. Phirang phap va phirong tien day hoc - Thuyet trinh ket hap vai phat van va six dung hoc lieu true quan. - Phuang tien: may chieu, phan, bang. ••• •. | i f: , .;oi • III. Tien trinh day hoc ^ - On dinh lap hoc, kie'm tra bai truac, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit Hoat dpng ciia HS va GV Npi dung Thoi gian Hoar dgng 1: Tim liieu hifac 1: Xcic dinli hcii toan 5 GV. Mo bai: 6 tiet nay chiing ta se tim hieu 5 buac cin tien hanh de giai bai toan bing may tinh. GV. Ghi/chieu muc "Budc 1" (cot ben) len bang. GV. Dan dk. Muc §4 da neu mot so VI du ve inpu t va Output cua bai toan. GV. Ghi/chieu mue "V i du" (cot ben) len bang. Bude 1: Xac dinh bai toan: Xac dinh ro dau vao (input ) va dau ra (Output) cua bai toan. Input : NhiJng du kien, gia thiet, so lieu da CO . Output: Ket qua can tim, ket luan c&n chi ra. Vi du 1: Bai toan tim L/CLN cua 2 so nguyen duang. Input : 2 so nguyen duang M, N. Output: l/CLN cua M va N. Vi du 2: Bai toan ki6m tra xem ba doan thang cho truac c6 ghep lai thanh mot tarn giac duoc khong? Input : Ba so duang x, y, z la chidu dai 3 doan thang. Output: Lai ket luan rang ba doan thang do CO the hoac khong the ghep thanh tarn giac. Hoat dpng 2: Tim liieu hifac 2: Lifa chpn hoac thiet ke thuat tocin 10 ph GV. Vai moi bai toan dat ra c6 the' CO nhieu thuat toan de' giai. Thong thuang nguai lap trinh Xet trudng hop m = 3, n = 100. Cae bude thuc hien cua 2 thuat toan va gia tri tuong Ling cua (m, n) se nhu sau: 61 y cha n toa t thua n cho n ne n gia i tha a l c ti't , nhat h nhan i kh i Do . nhat n ngS a l n hie c thu e vic o va r ci' n ca n co a t i ngird t i y ha u nhiS n nguye i ta u th u tie . hop i phi n toa t thua n cho a lir di : du I V u Ne GV. o s i ha a cii N IJCL m ti n toa i Ba . duong n nguye t cha h tin o the a dir : 1 n toa t Thua ) n-m , (m N l/CL = ) (m,n N U'CL c Bucr t cha h ti'n o the a dir : 2 n toa t Thua v 1 n toa t Thua g uii g tuofn i tr ) n , ( m n , (m N l/CL = ) (m,n N l/CL ) MODm c thtr c bird c ca u Ghi/chie GV. n be t co o n toa t thua 2 a cii n hie . bang n le , em c ca o The : van t Pha GV. n toa t thua n cho n ne a t g chiin c thir c bud o s g ran 6 R ? nao o s n ho t i 2 n toa t thua a cu n hie i thof a l c ti'r , 1 n toa t thua i v d y va , hon h nhan n hie c thir n gia . 2 n toii t thua n cho n ne 0 10 , 3 1 7 3,9 2 4 3,9 3 1 3,9 4 1 , 3 4 3 1 , 2 5 3 1 , 1 6 3 UCL : luan t ke 7 3 trinh cltifoiig Viet 3: hifcfc liieu Tiiii 3: dgng Hogt n cho i kh u Sa : tuc p Tie GV. c vie , hop h thic n toa t thua c duo diu bie i Kh " V. Clu'i dim n ne g khon V G y tha g khon e s I V 9 F 1. Soan thao mot chirofiig trinh don gian tren Turbo Pascal; 2. Dich chuong trinh sang ngon iigQ may; 3. Chay thir chuong trinh. Hoat dgiig 4: Tint liieu hifffc 4: Hieu chiiili 7ph GV. Dan dat: Sau khi viet chuong trinh, muon kiem tra hoat dpng cua no nguoi lap trinh phai trai qua buoc hieu chinh. GV. Ghi/chieu muc Kha i niem a cot ben. GV. Lu u y: Kh i lira chon bo test, cac du lieu vao inpu t phai dugc lua chon di c6 the dai dien cho mo i kha nang c6 the xay ra, c6 gdng khong di sot trucmg hop. GV. Ghi/chieu muc V i du a cot ben. Khdi niem: Chuong trinh dugc kie'm tra bang each cho chay thir tren nhCmg bp inpu t ma ngudi ta da biet trudc Output. Cac bp Input-Outpu t nay ggi la cac test. Ne'u c6 sai sot ngudi lap trinh phai sua chuong trinh roi thit lai, qua trinh nay dugc ggi la hieu chinh. Vi du: Bai toan giai phuong trinh bac 2 ax" + bx + c = 0 (vdi a ^ 0) t hi it nhat phai chgn 3 test dai dien cho 3 trudng hgp cd th6 xay ra: • A > 0, chang han chgn a = 1, b = -5 , c = 6 • A = 0, chang han chgn a = 1, b = -4 , c = 4 • A < 0, chang han chgn a = 1, b = 4, c = 8 Hour dong 5: Tim hieu hifffc 5: Viet tai lien mo td 8pt GV. Phat van: Tlieo cac em, sau khi viet va hieu chinh chuong trinh roi, ngudi lap trinh CO thd coi nhu hoan thanh cong viec hay chua? Con phai lam gl them nua khong? HS. Tra lo i (cot ben). GV. Udn nan, giai thich nhiing y tra loi sai (cot ben). GV. Xet tlnh huong sau day: Mot cong ti phiin mgin A viet - Khon g can lam gi them. Vd i y nay, G V neu V I du de' giai thi'ch. 63 g dpn t boa f I n qua h tfin g chircrn . X n qua o c o ch h doan h kin o m X n qua a c , sau m na t Mo h kin h hin i loa a vi v m pha g ron h chin A u ca u ye n ne h doan . trinh g chuon p ca g nan a v a su p la g nhiJn y na c lii n nhie y Tu h trin g chuofn t vie n vie h trin . Ay t g con i kho i ro a d a ki c trud g khon i md n vie h trin p la g Nhun a ki c truo h trin g chiron h'liu 6 c g khon n ne o sa a r t vie c dirp . cap g nan a v a chir a su g nan a kh h tran e D . y n Chuye GV. u sa , the u nh g huon h tin g nhiin g chiron g xon h chin u hie i kh i pha n ca h trin p la i nguo h trin h trin g chuon a t o mu lie i ta t vie u sa u th p tie i nguot g nhijn ed . duoc u hie e th 6 c y na " niem i "Kha c mu u Ghi/chie GV. n be t co f O c bircf 5 : ciing i cuo y u Lu GV. n Ia 1 n hie c thu i ch g khon n tre n Ia u nhiS i la p la i d p la O C a m t da h trin g chuon i kh n de p ch . cau u ye cu 6 c e th 6 c i Icf a Tr n ba a v i th p Tie - G y na n kie y i Vpf g phon a cu c vie al .trinh p la i nguo a cu y ma n le t da i Ca - dy na y g ran h thic o s g tron t mo a l i ch u lie i Ta niern: Khdi \t: t tie i ch h thic t inpu : toan i Ba • 6 c : toan t Thua • tg ci^m i cuo , thi thun chp o sa i v sa a r o n a cii n hie u s n da g Huon • 2. Hay viet chuong trm h de' in ra man hin h tat ca cac so chinh phuong trong pham v i tur 1 t6i 100. 3. Ban ca c6 8 dong 8 cot dtrgc danh so tCr 1 den 8. Tren ban cd chi c6 quan Hau va mot quan do i phuong, v i tri ciia chung duoc nhap vao tir ban phim . Hay cho biet quan Ha u c6 thi hit duoc quan do i phucmg hay khong? (De bat duoc thi quan Ha u phai nam tren cimg dong , ciing cot hoac ciing mot duomg cheo vo i quan do i phuong) ^ , , V. Bai tap nang cao , 1. Vdri bai tap 1 neu tren, hay cho biet bo test nao sau day la tot nhat va giai thich If do? A . (2,4,5) B. (2,4,5) va (3,3,5) C. (2,4,5), (3,3,5) va (3,4,5) D . (2,4,5), (3,3,5), (3,4,5) va (3,3,3) VI. Dap an 1. Input: 3 so duong X, y , z. Output: mot trong nhung ket luan sau day v£ • "khon g phai la 3 canh cua tarn giac". • "l a 3 canh ciia tam giac thucfng". • "l a 3 canh ciia tam giac can". • "l a 3 canh ciia tam giac vuong". • "l a 3 canh ciia tam giac deu". Chii y: khong C9 truomg hop tam giac vuong can c6 3 canh la so nguyen nen khong c6 Output nhu vay. 2. Input: khongco ; Output: tap hop {1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100}. 3. in^ut : 2 cap so (xl,yl ) va (x2,y2 ) la v i tri toa do ciia quan Hau va quan d oi phuong. Output: Icfi ket luan "'quan Hau cd the hat difffc quan doi phifong" hoac "'quan Hqu khong the hat difac quan doi phifcmg". 4. Muc D la du lieu input thfch horp nhat cho bo test vi no kiem tra duoc tat ca cac trucfng hop c6 the' xay ra: • (2,4,5) : tam giac thudng i . ,^;f! I iaul ; • (3,3,3) : tam giac deu u.^ . i'vfijv . > . i. > 65 TIY MA M ME N PHA . §7 t da n ca g nan l k thvcc, n kie n Chua . I . tinh y ma m me n pha m nie i kha t Bie - mS n pha a v g thon e h m m6 n pha c dug t bie n Pha - c ho y da n tie g phirorn a v p pha g Phirtm . I I hg dun r si a v n va t pha i vdf p ho t ke h trin t Thuye - . bang , phan , chieu y ma : tien g Phuon - c ho y da h trin n Tie , Ill a chii 6 th 6 c , truoc i ba a tr k'lim , hoc p lo h din n O . phut 5 : truoc t otie V G a v S H a cii g don t Hoa tiiilimay mem plidn niem k/idi liieu Tim I: dgng Hoat i kh c dug u th h trin g Chuon . dau o M GV. a (t h tin y ma n tre n toa i ba i gia n hie c thu m m6 n phd t mo a l m xe c dug ) §6 6 t bie ad . tfnh y ma . bang n le n be t co u Ghi/chie GV. mim n pha t mo a l P X s Window : du f V GV. y xa e dirg , lenh g don n va c chii g han m gO n Io h trin p la u ng i dg t mo i bo u ph g con g dun . nam u nhie g tron n vie t nha c ba h trin g phuon i gia h trin g Chuon n do o n y tu mim n pha t mo a l g cun 0 = b + xa Khdi l h tfn p hg i nguo n ngo n hie t quye LinuxA Windows? ubuotu SOLARI S nhung phan mem he thong quan trong nhat ma bat ki mot may tinh nao cung phai eo vi no tao moi truong lam viee cho moi phan mtm khae bang each quan l i cac thiet bi phan ciing va cac tai nguyen may tinh. Hogt dgng 3: Tim hieii kliai niem plidii mem iciig dimg lOph GV. Dan dat: Dirac h6 tro va cung cap dich vu boi phan mem he thong, phan mem ling dung ditoc tao ra nham giai quyet mot loai cong viec thirong gap nao do, vi du nhu soan thao van ban, xir h' anh, choi game, quan h' nhan sir... GV. Ghi/chieu cot ben len bang. GV. Ngudi lap trinh lam ra phan m^m ling dung bang cong cu gi? bang nhOng phan m6m dirge goi la phan mim cong cu, vi du nhir bo cong eu lap trinh Turbo Pascal hay Java. OpenOfficeorg 2.0 Office Phan m6m I'mg dung c6 the chia thanh hai loai: - Loai dugc lam ra theo don dat hang cua mot co quan hay cong ti chi d6 giai quyet mot cong viec c6 tinh dac thij rieng ciia CO quan hay cong ti do. Vf du nhu phan mim quan If nhan sir cua mot cong ti nao do. - Loai dugc lam ra de giai quyet mot cong viec chung thuong gap va dugc thiet ke de thoa man nhimg yeu cau chung cua rat nhilu ngirdi. Vi du nhu bg phan mtm tin hgc van phong MS. Office hay Open Office. Thoi gian con lai GV cho HS lam cac bai tap sau day: IV. Bai tap co ban 1. Hay xac dinh dau la phan mem he thong, phan mim Ung dung va phan mtm cong cu bang each ghep nhung miie tuong ihig o hai cot trong bang sau: 67 P. 1 e Offic n Ope . A P. 2 P Xs Window . MS . B P. 3 l Exce . MS . C r Messenge o Yaho . D 0 7. l Pasca o Turb . E u Ubunt o mn ngu6 a mh han u die e H. F nhig tron g diin o na d6 h men c ca t bie o ch y Ha . 2 g don t hoa e th g khon g dun g tin m m6 n Pha . A . hanh u di6 e h a cii g con m m6 n pha t mo a l h dic h trin g Chucfn . B g con m me n pha t mo a l h trin p la u ng n Ngo . C mo a l l Gmai u t n die u th n nha i gur h ic n Tie . D n a p Da . V 1 - ,C-2,D-2,E-3,F - 1 A-2,B . 1 . diing a l B, A6 d h Men . 2 i pha g khon h trin p la u ng n ngo i v sai C u Ca l Pasca o Turb : du i V. trinh p la c ta y qu g nhun . khong i th l Pasca h trin p la u ng n ngo , dung g un mim n pha a l l Gmai sai. D u Ca . ich n tie II. Phuong phap va phuong tien day hoc \ - - Thuyet trinh ket hop vdi phat van va su dung hoc lieu tmc quan. - Phuong tien: may chieu, phan, bang. ' ?t - ' ' III. Tien trinh day hoc On dinh lop hoc, kiSm tra bai trudc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit Hoat dpng cua HS va GV Npi dung Thoi gian Hoat dong 1: Tun hieii viec si'f clung niciy tiiih degidi quyet cdc hdi loan khoa hoc kJ tluiat 5 ph GV. Neu van di: Trong khoa hoc va ki thuat CO nhiing cong viec doi hoi mot khoi lirgng tinh toan rat Ion trong thdi gian ngan. GV. Ghi/ Chieu vi du (cot ben) len bang. GV. Giai thich: Khoi luong tfnh toan do neu thirc hien mot each thu cong thi c6 the mat hang nam troi voi nguy co nham iSn va sai so idn. Nho c6 MTDT nen chiing c6 the ducrc xu If nhanh chong. GV. DSn dat: MTDT con giiip con nguoi trong rat nhi6u ITnh vuc khoa hoc cong nghe va san xuat hang ngay nhu: thiet ke chi tiet may, thiet ke cong trinh xay dung, xir li cac so lieu thong ke ... Vi du I: Bai toan dir bao thcri tiet, du bao duong di cua con bao. Trung tam dir bao can cii vao so lieu do dac do hang chuc tram quan tr^c tiT nhidu noi giri ve, ap dung cac mo hlnh thong ke du bao de tfnh ra con so dir doan ve nhiet do, do am, luong mua ... cua ngay hom sau. Khoi luong tfnh toah nay neu thuc hien thii cong thl co th6 mat hang thang, trong khi thofi gian cho phep toi da chi vai gid dong ho. Viec nay hien nay deu do MID T thuc hien. Hoat dpng 2: Tim liieu I'dig dung ciia Tin hoc- trong viec ho trcfqudn li 5ph GV, Trong dcfi song xa hoi, quan If la cong viec doi hoi phai xu If mot khoi luong Ion thong tin ma moi co quan to chuc deu phai thirc hien (quan If luong, ho so nhan sir, hoc ba ...). Khi chua co M IDT, viec quan If duoc thuc hien thii cong nen mat nhi6u thofi gian va cong siic. GV. Ghi/ Chieu cot ben len bang. Hien nay nguoi ta sir dung nhiJng phan mim ung dung (MS. Excel, MS. Access, Oracle, SQL ...) da thuc hien quy trinh quan If gom cac budfc sau: - To chuc, km trir h6 so du lieu. - Cap nhat du lieu hang ngay. - Khai thac thong tin theo nhimg yeu cfiu quan If. 69 trong hoc Tin ciia dung 'fng I liieii Tim 3: dgiig Hoot khien dieu vd hod dong tif a v a ho g don r tu c vir h ITn g Tron . Qiuygn GV. o n i v i ra g ron g dun u s e dirg T MTD n khi6 u di^ \h\ m nha g khon a v h nhan t ra , diing c ta o tha . truoc h djn h hoac i nguo n co a mi th i ch g nhun h dan a lir n te n khie u die T MID : du i V GV. . phuomg i do a lit n te t die a v m ti , chan . bang n le n be t co u Chie / Ghi GV. . r>f Vi i pha n te dan n de a d n co t da i va n te ITnh trong hoc Tin diingciui lilig hieu Tim 4: dong Hogt a t i nguo t bie o ch o na m E : van t Pha GV. , tir u th i do o tra e d t Interne a v T MTD g diin ? gi c thu h hin g nhun i dud u nha o ch n ti g thon ) dimg g un c ca n (te p tie e tru c la n lie c vie i Ngoa . rong o M GV. n co t Interne g man a v c ho n Ti , nguoi i ha a giii n Io o t g dun g lin u nhi6 t ra i ho a x o ch i la m de i ma g thiron : nhu g thon n truyd n de n qua n lie - (E r ti n die o ta o da , (E-commerce) u t n die . (E-govemment).. u t n die u ph h chfn , leaming) . HS T- C- tha - n dil .tu.. con trong hgc Tin ciia dung Tmg hien Tim 5: dong Hogt i do g phon n va , chinh h han c vie g Con GV. - GV. Giai thich. may tinh kha nang thuc hien nhung thao tac tu duy mo phong theo tri tue cua con nguoi. Hien nay MTOT da c6 the': - Dich tu dong. - Nhan dang tieng noi, chO viet, hinh anh. - Chan doan mot so benh. Hoat dgng 7: Tim hieii ve I'Oig Jung ah Tin hoc trong gido due vd gidi tri 5ph GV. Phat van: Em nao cho vi du Tin hoc duoc ling dung trong nha truong nhir the nao? HS. Tra loi (cot ben). GV. Bo sung. GV. Phat van: Em nao cho vf du Tin hoc duoc ling dung trong ITnh virc giai tri nhu the nao? HS. Tra loi. GV. Chieu cho HS. xem mot doan phim hoac anh CO hieu ling hinh' anh duoc lam bang may tfnh. - Phan m6m hoc ngoai ngii kem theo hinh anh, am thanh. - Phan mim hoc on thi. - Phan mim thi trfic nghiem. - Giang day vdi sir phoi hop. cua may chieu voi bai trinh chieu soan tren may tinh. - Hoc til' xa, hoc qua mang. Vi du: Cac hieu ling hinh anh duoc lam tren may tfnh trong ciic phim: Avatar, Xac Ucjp A i cap, Cong vien ki Jura ... 71 ) phut 5 ( 6 c g cun e d n ba o c p ta i Ba . IV a l c ho n Ti a cu n ba o c g dun g lin i loa 8 o C t thua l k c ho a kho n toa i ba c ca i Gia . A n khi6 u di6 a v a ho g don u T. B g phon n va e vic g con , an n i , thao n Soa . C e du o Gia . D loc thup y da u sa p ho g triicm g nhun t bie o ch y Ha ? ngoac g tron g trdn 6 ch o va n di6 mugnc vie , S c ho i da g truon a cu n vie u th i Ta . 1 th a du n ca i ch h sac n muo n muo n vie h Sin . dong dug y na y ma g nhun , ma c do . may o va h vac a m . ) ( m me n pha g ban n khie ma qu g han n ba c thii h hin c chii o t Yi th u Sie . 2 m xe i th u sie a cu b we g tran o va e d t duye h trin ta i to g man c dug g Han . dung n ti e th a qu n tie a tr i ta c dug u th u lie o s c ca i l r xi T MTD g dun u S . 3 . ) ( 6 B c Ba h vjn 6 u dS g tr u si v6 g dun y xa h trin g c6n , cira a nh e kt Thie . 4 i vo u da i thi u da c ca a m g man a qu i cho 6 tr c Ca . 5 ) ( . .. i k n truye m la 6 V, WarCraft u nh h tin th6e ngh g Con n vie a cu R VnDOC m m6 n Pha . 6 san chuye g don u t a v y ta t vie J chi n ba n va g dan o s e k g thon e d m me n pha g dun i si Xi th u Sie . 7 thp xe a v y nga g han i ch u th n ti6 o s , ra n ba a ho . ) ( n vie n nha u ng i dg g con a cu i th n luye a v n tuye e tru c ho m m6 n Pha . 8 - ^ ^ ^ §9 . TI N HO C V A X A HO I I. Chuan kien thirc, kl nang can dat - Biet dugc anh hircmg ciia Tin hoc doi vdi sir phat trien cua xa hoi. - Biet dirge nhirng van de thuoc van hoa va phap luat trong xa hoi tin hoc hoa. Thai do < ., n ^, \ . • - Co hanh vi va thai do dung dan ve nhirng va'n dt dao diic lien quan den viec sir dung may tinh. II. Phucmg phap va phuomg tien day hoc - Thuyet trinh ket hgp vdi phat van va sir dung hoc lieu true quan. Ill, Tien trinh day hoc On dinh lofp hoc, kiem tra bai trudc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit Hoat dong cua HS va G V Npi dung Thoi gian Hoat dgng 1: Tim liieii dnh hifoiig cua tin hoc doi voi sifphat trien cua \a hoi 10 ph GV. Giofi thieu: Tin hoc c6 anh hircmg Idn doi vdi sir phat trien cua xa hoi. GV. Ghi/Chieu cot ben len bang. GV. Tong ket: Ngay nay, hau nhu mpi mat ciia xa hgi d6u c6 sir gop mat cua cong cu MTOT. Tin hoc lam thay doi phucfng thuc san xuat cua cac nganh cong nghiep, thay doi each thiic lam viec cua mpi nganh nghe trong xa hgi. Bai trirac (§8) da cho thay cac ung dung cua Tin hpc trong rat nhi6u ITnh virc nhir Giai cac bai toan khoa hpc kl thuat, H6 trg quan If, Tu dgng hoa va di6u khien, Truydn thgng, Cgng tac van phong, Giao due ... GV. Ghi/Chieu cot ben len bang. Nha cac phuong tien truyen thong hien dai, cac giao dich true tiep giam din. Vien chirc CO thd lam viec tai nha thay vi toi C O quan. HS hgc tir xa thay VI hang ngay toi trirong. Lao dgng chan tay dirge thay the dan bang lao dgng tri 6c. Robot dirge dung ngay cang pho bien. 73 OEKytK MAIL MfilJ. plidp vci lioa van de van ecu- liieii Tim 2: dgng Hocit hod hoc Till , Internet n tre c tu n ti m xe i Kh : van t Pha GV. i g i ca m xe , dau o va m ba h thfc a t i pha OC ? dirge g cun y qu g nhiJn 6 c , hoa c ho n ti i ho a x g Tron . GV e th 6 c l th m pha i v u ne a mi thi c da r si r xi c ta . xau a qu u ha i to n dS . bang n le n be t co u di v u Ghi/Chie GV. a x g tron a ho n va c ta y qu u nhiS t ra o C GV. e v o ba c thii y 6 c i pha : nhu a ho c ho n Ti i ho u hie m tl o m o t g khon i tho g d6n , tin g thon e dirg g khon h mln a mn ti g thon n ngu6 g nhun i ngucf a cu n nha a c n ti g thon n ha g (chan p phe c chu o t t mo a cu o b i ng n ti g thon y ha c kha n ba 6 c g khon m me n phfi g dun h Tran . hi) o the n tua n luo g man g dun r si i kh , quydn . .. a r e d h din y qu g nhirn c Truo g thon c truo n be i mo t mo Intern C. Co gang thir truy cap vao nhimg trang thong ti n ma ben ngoai da ghi "Dan h cho noi bo". D. Sau kh i xem mot trang tin , luon vao muc "Giri y kien ciia ban" de gop y, phe binh voi tac gia. E. Trong luc Urcft web, tham gia di6n dan hay sir dung cac mang xa hoi, m 6 i khi gap phai yeu cau khai bao thong tin ca nhan thi luon luon khai diing ho ten that, tuoi, dja chi va cac thong tin ca nhan khac ciia minh . 2. V I sao noi Ti n hoc c6 anh hirong Icfn tdi ddi song xa hoi? A . V i hAu nhu mp i ITnh virc lao dong, san xuat ciia ddi song diu c6 sir dong gop ciia cong nghe thong tin . B. V i cong nghe thong tin va mang Internet lam thay doi lo i song va van hoa irng xir ciia con ngudi. C. V i Chfnh phii da ban hanh nhimg dieu luat nhu Luat Giao dich thuofng m ai dien tir, Luat Chong tpi pham Ti n hoc... D . V i lam viec trong nganh Cong nghe thong tin mang lai thu nhap va la i nhuan cao. V. Dap an * 1. A . Hanh vi pham phap, c6 the bi truy to. B. Hanh v i thieu van hoa, c6 the tir gay hai cho ban than. C. Hanh v i pham phap, c6 ihi bi khdi kien trudc phap luat. D . Day la irng xir van minh , giiip tac gia biet dupe thai dp ciia dpc gia doi v o i bai viet ciia minh . E. Hanh vi thieu than trpng vi 6i 16 thong tin ca nhan c6 the dSn tdi viec bi gia mao, bi ngirdi khac lira dao hay Ipi dung. 2. A . Diing . B. Dung . C. Sai. Vie c ban hanh luat chi la he qua ciia xa hpi Ti n hpc hoa, no khong phai la nguyen nhan lam tang anh hirdng ciia Ti n hpc doi vdi xa hpi. D . Sai. Thu nhSp va Ipi nhuan cao chi la he qua ciia viec Tin hpc mang lai nang suat lao dong cao cho xa hpi . Thdi gian con lai c6 the dung de kiem tra 15 phut hoac hudng dan HS chuain bj cho on tap chirong. * 75 2 G CHl/ON H HAN U DIE E H G CHirON U THIE l GlO . A t da n ca g nan i k, thufc n kie n Chua .I thirc: kien Ve 1. can: HS a v g nan c chii t Bie . hanh u di6 e h m nie i kha t Bie • ; hanh u die eh u Hid . tep n te t da c tS y qu a v p te m nie i kha u Hid • ; muc a th vie m la , hanh u die e h p na h trin y qu c dug u Hi6 • . -c nHfr n i ; ; thong e hi kho tea xo , tep p che o sa : li xii c ta o tha c ca c dug u Hie • ; muc u th ' so t mo t Bie . hanh u die e h n trie t pha r si h lic t Bie • . nay n hie h han u die e h os nang: ki Ve 2. g duon , muc u th , tep n te c dug g dan n nha S H • ; muc u th hc Thu . dung g thon h len o s t mo c dug n hie c Thu • ' 11. Noi dung chu yeu cua chuang ^^as • Khai niem he 6\tu hanh; • Tep va quan l i tep; > =^ ^ K ^ J/ K • Giao tiep vdi he dieu hanh; • Mot so he dieu hanh thong dung; a y :^;.f! rn^ulf i • Trong tarn kien thiic la a hai § dSu (§10 va §11). Chuong 2 gom 4 § (tit §10 den §13) duac day trong trong 12 tiet, trong do l i thuyet 7 tiet; Bai tap va thirc hanh 4 tiet, on tap 1 tiet c6 the phan bo thdi lucmg nhu bang sau: So hieu va ten § < L i thuyet Bai tap va thurc hanli Bai tap §10. Khai niem v6 he di6u hanh 1 0 0 §11. Tep va quan If tep 2 0 0 §12. Giao tiep vdd he diiu hanh 3 4 1 §13. Mot so he dieu hanh thong dung 1 0 0 Tdng cpng 7 4 1 • On tap chuong 2 (day vao tiet Bai tap). B. THIET K E CAC BAI HOC §10. KHAI NIEM HE DIEU HANH I. Chuan kien thurc, kl nang can dat /. Ve kien thutc: HScdn: -^f ; • Biet he dieu hanh ciing cac thiet bi ki thuat (may tinh va cac thiet bj ngoai vi) tao thanh mot he thong va khai niem he thong; • Biet cac chiic nang va cac thanh phan chinh cua He dieu hanh, vai tro quan trong cua no trong he thong. 2. Ve ki nang: / i;/;; ' ' s • Chua doi hoi thao tac gi cu the. :\ui i cam: tinh titang, tu Ve 3. dieu he a cu g tron n qua o tr i va c duo c thir y S H • thong; he e v o ba m nhie ba o c g dun i no c ca c ducf u hie i kh i thi g hiJn y tha S H• c ho y da n tie g phirom a v p pha g Phuom . I I phdp: PhiCffng 1. v, trinh t thuye u nh y da g gian p pha g phiron p ho t Ke ^ . quan,.. e tru n tie tien: Phuffng . 2 ; 10 c ho n Ti K SG ; thuyet f I i gh a V - ch tnn e d u chie y ma a v h tin y ma g dun r si n Ne - h g dpn i khd ; cirng a dl r ti s Window h han u die e h g don u di6 e h t mo j ti h tin y ma g don i khd i ch m tha mtm; a dl dun i no o s t mo a ho h min e d u chie h Tnn . Flash o nh i b a cii n ba 0 C g nan c chur o s t mo u thie i gid u nh n ha g chan I6 kh y gia g diin l th u chie y ma g dun g khon u Ne - . Windows h han u die e h a cii h hin n ma h an l il f .* - c ho y da h trin n Tie . III ) (2' p lo h djn n O. I o c g don i gc a v u c i ba a tr m Kie . I I (4') cH bai tra Kiem 1. gh dan V Go d u sa , loi a tr S Hi go i ho u ca u ne V G dau sa m nie i kha c ca t bie n pha y Ha I: hoi Cdu 2. Gffi dpng cff(r) ! Trong §4 cua chuong 1, chiing ta duoc biet mot so loai phan mem may tinh va trong do he di6u hanh la loai phan m6m he thong quan trong nhat, boi vi no CO chiic nang di6u hanh toan bo hoat dong ciia may tinh trong suot qua trinh lam viec. Bai hoc nay chung ta se tini hieu ro hon vi he di^u hanh. III. Noi dung bai giang # Hoat dpng ciia G V va HS Noi dung Thoi gian Hoat dpng 1. Hinh tliaiili kliai iiiein he dieu hciiili JO ph GV: Phat bieu va ghi va khai niem he di6u hanh. GV; Phan tich cho HS biroc dau hieu dirge mot so thuat ngu trong khai niem he di6u hanh va cung noi ro cac thuat ngir nay se dupe de cap chi tiet hon 6 muc 2 cua bai hpc. - Tifc/iig far giCfa ugifdi dung v&i nu'iy tiiilr. Mot each dcfn gian nhat, do la viec nguoi diing thao tac ban phim, chupt de dua vac may tinh mot yeu cku nao do, va tin hieu ngupc lai ve phia nguoi dimg la nhimg gl the hien tren man hinh de dap lai cac thao tac ciia nguoi diing. GV neu lifii y : Co cac dinh nghla khac nhau vi he di6u hanh dira tren cac quan didm khac nhau, nhu quan dietu ki tlniiit, quan diem ngifcfi dung. Dinh nghla neu trong SGK la dira vao quan diem nguoi dung. Dinh nghla do la phii h(Tp voi chiing ta, vi chiing ta dirng o vi 1. Khai niem he dieu hanh a) Khai niem - La mot tap hpp cac chuong trinh to chirc thanh mot he thong; - He thong chitong trinh do lam nhiem vu: . Dam bao tuong tac gifra ngirai dung voi may tinh; . Cung cap cac phirong tien va dich vii At 6\i\x phoi viec thirc hien cac chuong trinh; . Quan l i chat che tai nguyen cua may tinh, t6 chirc khai thac chiing mot each thuan Ipi va tdi iru. Gidi thick mot so thuat ngiC - Tifcfng tac gii'ta ngu'di dung vffi may tinh: Thao tac ma ngiroi dung dua yeu cau vao may tinh va each ma may tinh dua ra kei qua thuc hien yeu cau ngiroi diing, hoac dua ra cac lua chpn dd nguoi diing mo ta ro hon yeu ciiu ciia mlnh. - Phirang tien va (//(// vu: Noi deii cac chuc nang tien I'ch ma he dieu hanh cung cap va each thiic dd thirc hien cac chirc nang do. - Tdi iiguyen may tinh g6m tai ca cac thong tin dupe liru trir tren bp 79 i v a g dun g khon i chi g dun i ngua a cu i tr i kho , tri o ba u v m nhie 6 c i ngucf a cu i tr . hanh u did e h g dun y xa e kt thie y ha c phu i ngoa o nh v o nh o (b Dieu - trchifong o b g d6n o ch i pho ga g khon ngui ta 6v dieu he trd cua vai ve them tick Phdn 2. dgng Hoat t mo g dun r si dung ngifdi , du i V GV: c tha i kha u ca u ye a v ) (chay mtm n pha o tha n soa e d d Wor y cha u (nh i b t thie n i y ma a r n i n hie c thu i ro , ban n va t mo . do) n ba n va u hie n ti 6 c i ch g khon y na c ta o tha c Ca u hie n ti 6 c n co a m g dun i ngud a phi r ti , bi t thie a v mtm n pha a phi t ti i la c nguo mim n "pha p phe o ch h han u di6 e h u dI V i ngucj u ca u ye i thoa p ho a r a du " in y ma i loa u nh , in o s g thon c ca n nha c xa g diin . in g huon , giay n nguo , in y ma phin t ta torn Igi ghi a v i do o The HS: . giang e ngh ' ' : hoi u ca u Ne GV: , thich i gia c duo a vu u ng t thua c ca i Va - che chat li "qudn a l o na e th u hie m e c ca thac khai chi'fc to , tinh y ma cua nguyen tdi ? " uu i to a vi Iq n thua h eac t mo g chiin . luan o tha a v n doa u D HS: "" trd Vai b) di6 e H - a giiJ i no Clinn pha t thie c ca khi ho i do e h, du i V i "doc/gh di i doc/gh di6 e h a cu Dieu - trg chuan trig chuan chuc ca ac ph, hanh) u th a r i ch n hie c thu r si " "cho dii doc/gh Thuqt c) - Hogt dgng 3. Giai thieu ccic dure ndiig va cue thank phdn cua he dieu hdnh 12 ph GV: dan dat HS kham pha cac chiic nang va thanh phan cua he dieu hanh thong qua he thong cau hoi (Q-Question) va cac giai thfch (E-Explaination) sau day: Ql) Theo cac em nguoi dung giao tiep v6i he thong bSng each nao? (GV c6 the yeu cau HS doc SGK va phat bieu lai). => Hai each: He thong cau lenh dirge nhap tir ban phim va he thong bang chon dugc dieu khien boi ban phim hoac chupt. Q2) Neu chi cung cap tai iiguyen cho cac chuong trinh, ma khong to chi'rc tlii/c Men cac chuong trinh do thi didu gi se xay ra? ^ Tranh chap tai nguyen, su dung tai nguyen bat cap (thieu hoac thira). E l) De thuan Igi cho nguoi diing sii dung thong tin da hfn tru, he dieu hanh cung cap cong cii tim kiem va each truy cap thong tin khac nhau. ^ GV CO the minh hoa di6u nay qua viec sir dung vai thao tac tren ling dung Windows Explorer. E2) Cac thiet bi ngoai vi nhu may in, may scan, card mang thucfng c6 chuong trinh di kem de he di6u hanh nhan ra va lam viec tot vdi chiing. Trong do, thuong CO nhflng chuong trinh tien ich di nguoi dimg lira chon cac tham so' thfch hop khi khai thac cac thiet bi nay. E3) He di6u hanh cung cap djch vu tien ich de lam viec voi dia, vi du nhu sao chep dir lieu, sira chiia dia hong. Q3) Hay doc SGK va cho biet he dieu hanh cung cap dich vu tien ich nao de truy cap mang? 2. Cac chuc nang va thanh phan cua he dieu hanh a) Cac chitc nang • - To chuc giao tiep giua ngucfi diing va he thong. - Cung cap tai nguyen (bo nho va cac thiet bi ngoai vi, ..) cho cac chuong trinh va to chifc thi/c hien cac chuffng trinh do. + To chi'rc hru tiff thong tin tren bo nhcf ngoai, ciuig cap cue cong cii tint kiem va truy cap thong tin. + Kiem tra va ho trg hang phan mem cho cdc thiet hi ngoai vi de' c6 the khai thac chiing mot each c6 hieu qua. - Cung cap cdc dich vu tien ich he thong (lam viec voi dia, truy cap mang, ...). 81