🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook Câu Hỏi Trắc Nghiệm Chuyên Đề Kỹ Năng Đọc Hiểu Tiếng Anh
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Nhóm Zalo
VĨNH BÁ
(6V chyêa Anh, ĨPIÍ0B8 Quốc học Huế)
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ứ á u h ả i\ \ 0 . 0 l i C ' d C I ' h /
ðỌC HIEU
(ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS) (T i b n l n th nht)
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V ĨN H B Á
(Giáo viên Chuyến Anh - Trường Quốc học Huế)
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CÂU HỎI TRẮC NGHIỆM
Chuyên ñ
KĨ NĂNG ðỌC HIỂU (ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS)
TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI ðẠI HỌC
(Tái bản lần thứ nhất)
NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ðẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
Đóng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
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SACBTHAM KHẢO ' ^ \
- ~ Coạiiêctìonis ihileadm g, nxb Oxford University Press, 1-98T
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Mosaic - A Reading Skills Book, Brenda. WegmanandMDaPnj-ik
Kbezevic, nxb Randon House, Nev/York, 1985
- Read All About It 1&2, Lori Howard, nxb Oxford University Press, 2000; - The Guardian Weekly, onestopenglish.com
- Reading Comprehension Skills & Strategies Level 7&8, nxb Saddleback Educational Publishing, 2002
- Reading Comprehension Success, nxb Learning Express, New York, 2009 - Reading Extra, Liz Driscoll, nxb Cambridge University Press
- Advanced Reading Power, Beatrice s. Milulecky and Linda Jeffries, nxb Pearson Longman, 2007.
- Reading Skills for First Certificate, Malcolm Mann and Taylore-Knowles, nxb MacMillan
- W hat A World 1&2, Milada Broukal, nxb Longman, 2007
- Comprehension 1&2, D’Arcy Adrian and Lewis Lansford, nxb Longman - Reading Advanced, Rod Ellis & Brian Tomlinson, nxb Oxford University Press, 1997
- The Glencoe Reader, nxb McGrawHill, 2004
- Longman Preparation Series for the TOEĨC Test, Lin Louheed
- The Heinỉe&Heinỉe TOEFL Test Assistant - Reading, Milada Broukal, nxb Glendale Community College
- TOEFL Practice Tests 1999-2000, Educational Testing Service,
http://\vww.toef].org
- Building Reading Skills for the TOEFL iBT, 2007
- Advanced Expert CAE, của Jane Bell vả Roger Gower, nxb Pearson Longman, 2008
- CAE Result, cùa Kathy Gude and Mary Stephens, nxb Oxford University Press, 2008
- CAE Practice Test Plus, của Alan Stanton và Susan Morris, nxb Longman, Ỉ999
- Cambridge CAE Course, của Mary Spratt & Linda B. Taylor, Cambridge University Press, 1997
- Chuyên San English Language Studies, nxb English Foreign Language
Exam, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, các năm từ 2004 ñến 2008
- Các ñề luyện thi tiếng Anh tốt nghiệp phổ thông toàn Nga (Russian State
Exams) các năm từ 2003 ñến 2010.
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L Ờ I N Ó I ð Ằ U
(3) Sau khi xác ñịnh ñược vị tri của từ/cụm từ mâu chôt trong bài văn,.ñọc kĩ phân bài BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Phẩn “ðọc và Hiểu Văn” là phần không thể thiếu trong mọi ñề thi Tiếng Anh các cấp. Dù chì chiếm một tỉ iặ ñiểm không lớn, nhưng phần này khiến cho thí sinh mất nhiều thời gian suy nghĩ và dề làm cho thí sinh e sợ nếu gặp phải một bãi vãn khó hiểu. Mức ñộ khó cùa 'bài văn thể hiện ờ các chỗ: ñề tài bàn ñến có thể không nằm trong kinh nghiệm sống cùa lứa tuổi học sinh, từ vựng và cấu trúc nàm ngoài vốn hiểu biết, và cách thức ñặt câu hỏi !ắt léo, ñánh bẫy.
Tập sách này là tập hợp những bài văn thuộc các ñề tài nằm trong phạm vi kiến thức phổ thông. Cách hành vãn của từng bài có thể ñơn giàn mà-cũng có thế phức tạp, nhưng không ñến ñộ quá rối rắm.
: Câu hò ì trắc nghiệm dưới mỗi bài ñọc thường gồm các loại sau:
li Câu hòi về ý chính: yêu cầu người ñọc phải tóm tắt ñược chủ ñề cơ bản hoặc mục ñích cùa tác giã, với các dạng mờ ñẩu như sau:
+ What is the main topic of this passage?
+ The best title for the passage is...
+ The main topic for this passage is...
+ What does the author mainly discuss?
+ The main idea of this passage is...
ðể chọn ñược câu trả lời ñúng, học sinh nên:
(1) Lưu ý ñến câu chù ñiểm (thiròng nằm ờ ñẩu mỗi ñoạn văn).
(2) Lưu ý giọng vãn cùa tác già.
(3) ðọc !ưởt qua toàn bài, ñặc biệt là câu chù ñiểm, ñể tim những từ ngữ mấu chốt (key vocabulary) có thể biểu thị thái ñộ cùa tác giả ñối với ñề tài.
(4) ðọc kỹ bài ñể chọn câu trả !ời. Lưu ý rằng chỉ câu chủ ñiểm không thôi chưa ñủ thông tin ñể xác ñịnh ý chính của bài. Ý chính chĩ cỏ thể ñược khái quát hóa sau
khi ñọc kỹ toàn bài và theo dõi thái ñộ cùa tác già.
2. Câu hỏi về sự kiện. Loại câu hỏi này yêu cầu học sinh phải trà lời bằng các thông tin cụ thể về bài văn.
Câu hòi về sự kiện có dạng là một câu bỏ lừng và bên dưới là 4 chọn lựa, trong ñó chỉ có một chọn lựa hoàn thành câu bò lừng ñúng ý bài vãn.
Phần mở ñầu của loại câu hòi này thường có dạng sau:
+ According to the article,....
+ The passage states that...
+ The author indicates that...
ðe chọn ñúng câu trả lời cho loại câu hòi này, học sinh cần:
(1) Xác ñịnh từ/cụm từ mấu chốt trong câu hòi.
(2) Lướt qua bài văn ñể tìm từ/cụm từ mấu chổt này, hoặc các từ liên quan ñên từ mâu chốt này.
văn có chứa cụm từ này ñề chọn câu trà lời.
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Câu hỏi về sự kiện hầu như luôn ỉuôn ñược hòi theo thứ tự xuất hiện của các sự kiện trong bài văn. Do ñó, cẵu hỏi sự kiện ñẩu tiên sẽ nằm gần ñầu bài vãn hơn là câu hòi sự kiện cuối cùng. Hiểu ñược ñiêu này sẽ giúp học sinh làm bài nhanh han vì nêu ñang tìm câu trả lời cho câu hòi số 1, học sinh chỉ cần tìm thông tin ở ñàu bài văn. Trái lại,
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nếu ñang trả lời câu 5 chẳng hạn, học sinh sẽ nhìn vào phần cuối bài ñọc.
3. Các câu hỏi sự kiện phù ñịnh: ñưa ra 3 phát biều ñúng và một phát biểu sai. Học sinh phải loại trừ ñược 3 phát biểu ñúng, phát biểu sai còn lại chính là câu phải chọn ñể trả lời.
Các câu hòi sự kiện phù ñịnh thường có dạng như sau:
+ According to the passage, ali of the following are true EXCEPT...
+ The author mentions aii of the following EXCEPT...
ðê trà !ời các câu hỏi sự kiện phủ ñịnh, học sinh phải:
(1) ðọc kĩ các chọn lựa ñể xác ñịnh vị trí của thông tin trong bài văn.
(2) ðọc lướt qua bài văn ñể loại trừ 3 chọn lựa có thông tin khớp với thông tin trong bài văn.
(3) Chọn lựa còn sót lại chính [à câu trã lòi ñúng.
4. Câu hỏi suy luận: Thông tin ñể trả lòi loại câu hòi này ñôi khi không ñược phát biểu rõ ràng trong bài văn. Học sinh phải suy luận cãn cứ trên nhừng thông tin khác, hoặc phải “ñọc giừa hai hàng chữ” (read between the lines) mới thấy ý ẩn tàng của tác giả.
Những câu hòi loại này thường ñược iập văn như sau:
+ While not directly stated, we can infer from the passage that...
+ According to the passage, the author implies that...
+ It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that ...
+ Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
5. Câu hỏi về ngữ nghĩa: Loại câu hòi nảy trác nghiệm vốn từ vựng của học sinh. ' Học sinh phải chọn trong 4 từ cho sẵn một từ ñồng nghĩa với từ dùng trong bài văn.
Các câu hòi ngừ nghĩa thường có dạng như sau;
+ The word “subsequent” in line 19 is closest in meaning to ...
+ The word “varied” in line 2 couid best be replaced'by ...
+ The word “their” in line 20 refers to ...
+ In line 5, the phrase “giant patriarchs” could best be replaced by which of the fol lowing?
Hy vọng sau khi kiên trì rèn luyện với các bài tập trong sách này, học sinh sẽ nắm ñược kĩ năng làm bài và ñạt ñược ñiểm tối ña cho phẩn câu hòi ñọc hiểu văn.
Tập sách này cũng cỏ thể là nguồn tư liệu có ích cho các ñồng nghiệp trong việc soạn bài kiểm tra.
Ngưòi sưu tập và tuyển chọn
Vĩnh Bá
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1 THE FAMOUS CUP
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It’s only 36 centim eters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest achievem ent in football. Every four years, team s from all over the globe compete to take home the FIFA World Cup Tro- - phy, yet nobody ever does.
Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is • kept, u nd er ĩố c k ' anjcòủỉầtrtès tiaat’makef firecrackers.
' ^ .poor .cmiẼt tries.1 - % ■ . ~V , „ >i _--„ ^ ^ - _ *■ Vw % ' -
(^} He cried for his mother. BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN D. He lives in a shelter.
ccranữies thát-hảye. slavery: \ J
D. cơuntriẹs-tỉíat m ake carpets. ■ T - 'v f
The children‘wKo work are o ften _____ . ' ' 1
A. treated well •y-'- *?v
Bw paid generously
(Q jm isused : -
D. all o f the above
When children are used to work for unfair wages in poor working conditions, it is best described a s _____ .
Q i\an abuse of working children.
B. hard work. *
c. a poor working environment.
D. unfair labor practices.
According to the article, children who work u nd er poor conditions
A. start to work only after age 13.
B. start to work only after age 12.
c. m ake only 60 cents an hour.
(DT)may m ake only 60 cents a day.
According to the article, w hat is the best way to keep m any children from falling victim to the abuse of child labor in the future?
(A^; Help poor countries educate their children. ■
B. Refuse to buy products m ade in countries th at abuse child la bor.
c. Rescue each child.
ð. none o f the above
Why do families allow young children to go to work?
A. They don’t know how bad it is.
B. The grow nups don’t w ant to work.
(^CjThe families are very poor and need the income.
D. The children are paid a lot of money.
How do you know Aghan was not happy m aking carpets away from his family?
A. He dreamed of learning to write.
B. He was rescued.
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10. Ijdl New Delhi, Aghan
A.Worked for a group th at is opposed to child labor.
team of over 13.000 people who are experts in different fields and who BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
(Bp received an education,
c. lived with his family.
D. m ade carpets.
GLOSSARY
- child labor tình trạng lao ñộng trẻ em - to stitch khâu bằng kim
- leather da thuộc
- crouched (adj) lom khom, cúi gập người
- airless (adj) thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt - shed nhà kho
- firecrackers pháo
- to knot the threads, thắt gút các sợi . chi
- carpet tấm thảm
- slave nô lệ
- Child Labor Coalition Liên Minh Chống Lao ðộng Trẻ Em
- Secretary of Labor Bộ Trưởng Lao ðộng Mỹ
- gratitude lòng biết ơn
- abuse sự lạm dụng
- to congratulate chúc mừng
- to fight for kids' rights ñấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ-em
- to put pressure on sfrgay sức ép ñối với aí
- to misuse sử dụng sai mục ñích - work force lực lượng lao ñộng -to kidnap bắt cóc
- cruel (adj) ñộc ác
- toopposèsth chống [ại cái gì - to rescue giai cứu
- shelter chỗ ờ, chỗ trú thân
Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia th a t is available on the Internet and what people love about it is th a t it can be edited by absolutely every body.
When and how did it start?
It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimm y Wales. It started as a Ỉ fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many com puter scientists it h as attracted, it has got a caUecìiorucj^ab-Out_l,8_ rrìlĩì articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.
How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?
The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets every one modify a webpage and it is true th a t anyone can change the infor m ation on the page if they think it’s incorrect. But, the Wikipedia h as a
correct any inaccurate information sent by people
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I s it error-free?
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very reliable- and th at they -didn't find many' errors: 3t..;.was 'very good news for the founder as well as for all the users. ’
Why is it becoming so popuiar?
that it’s fun to be able to add w hat you know tó the inform ation on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and m ost claim it's the m ost brilliant invention ever.
1. W ikipedia______
A. was created by a team of com puter scientists,
B. began as a business idea.
began as a business idea,
c. became popular as soon as it Í
became popular as soon as it started.
(t x \ started as one m an’s passion.
W ; ■ r; . Articles in Wikipedia a r e _____
A. mostly about science.
(iTi mostly in English.
c . translated into 200 languages.
D. very interesting.
3. Wikipedia rem ains accurate as m uch as possible b e c a u se _____ A. all people who write for it are experts.
B. it has a special type of software programme.
c ci) there are people who monitor it for m istakes.
Lh not everybody can change the information.
4. The best advantage of Wikipedia is t h a t_____
fA^you don’t have to pay for it.
B. everyone can use it.
c. it is created by ordinary people.
fư ỳ is quick an d reliable.
5. The text probably comes from - .
A. a leaflet ầ ổ '<\ GỀ a speech
c. a scientific article (D )a magazine article
GLOSSARY ^
- encyclopaedia từ ñiển bách khoa - error-free (adj) không có sai sót - to edit biên tập, chỉnh sửa - to confirm khẳng ñịnh
- to found thành lập - to stress nhấn mạnh
- a fancy idea một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say - IT = Information Technology công mê nghệ thông tin
- min = million - passion niềm ñam mê
- webpage trang web - to monitor theo dõi ñể xử ỉí
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4
In today’s competitive world, w hat responsible parent would not
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w ant to give their children the best possible start in life? For this rea son, m any parents w ant their children, often as young as ten m onths old, to become familiar with com puters. They seem to think th at if th eir children grow up with com puters, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future. -/7-^
No one h as proved th at com puters make children more creative or more intelligent. The tru th may even be the opposite. Educational psy chologists claim th at too m uch exposure to com puters, especially for the very young, may negatively affect norm al brain development. Chil dren gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Ten-month-old babies may benefit more from bum p ing their heads or putting various objects in their m ouths th an they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experim enting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a com puter screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more com puter classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.
It is lud icro u s to think th at children will fall behind if they are not exposed to com puters "from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a “m ouse”. Now is the time when they should be out- there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away a t keyboards.
1 . Why do p arents w ant their children to learn how to use a com puter from an early age?
® )B ecau se they are afraid their children will become competitive. Because they w ant their children to be well prepared for their
future.
c. Because this is w hat all the other parents seem to do.
D. Because they believe their children will have difficulty learning to use one if they don’t start early.
2. Children who spend a lot of time on their co m p u ters_____
do not necessarily m ake more progress than those who don’t,
tend to like m usic and art more than those who don’t.
c. will suffer from brain damage.
D. tend to have more accidents th an those who don’t.
3. The auth o r implies th at children leạm better ______
A. after they have developed hand-eye coordination.
B. w hen they use a computer.
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c. as they get older.
ef^?)when they hold and feel things around them.
ỈÍ41 W hat would be an appropriate title for this passage?
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Never too early to start
Let kids be kids
C om puters in schools
D. More com puters m ean brighter future
5. W hat is tru e according to the passage?
A. It is better for children to take com puter lessons th an art les
sons.
Parents should not put off buying a com puter for their children.
c. Com puters seriously harm children's eyesight.
(D )T h ere is no evidence th at children who use com puters are more
clever th an those who do not. „—7
D. sensible
6. W hat does the word “ludicrous” m the third paragraph (first sen GLOSSARY
tence) <4 o>
( A. ridiculous B. hum orous c. ironic
- to be exposed to sth phải hứng chịu, - hand-eye coordination sự phối hợp phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với giữa tay và mắt
(exposure) - crayon bút chi màu
- interaction with sự tương tác với - cursor con nháy trên màn hình - to bump one's head va ñầu - funding sự tài trợ
- eye-catching (adj) hấp dẫn, bắt mẳt - to bang away at sth ñập mạnh vào
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A m assage is relaxing, and m akes you feel great, b u t did you know th at it’s also good for you? T hat’s w hat doctors are now saying. M as sage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds u p recov ery from medical problems.
Research h as shown th a t people of all ages benefit from touch. Pre m ature infants who are held develop J iaster Than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact ciy less and sleep bet ter. R esearchers are not sure why this occurs b u t they have also found out th a t touch can slow h eart rate, lower blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the, brain chemical th at is linked to well-beingpjtt also decreases levels of th e stress horm one cortisol, an d th is in tu rn increase s your, resistance to- il|ọe^s^
Massage also 'speeds, up/ healing. Bone-marrow tran sp lan t patients who were given m assages had better neurological function th a n those who w eren’t. Furtherm ore, m assage reduced pain by 37% in patients with chronic m uscle aches.
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C ệ ) _ Gavipg->somjeaQS a m assagẹ may be_as_good as^get£mg-_one- A study conducted by the university of Miami found th at m others suffering BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
from depression felt better after m assaging their infants.. In th at same study, elderly volunteers who m assaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed.
It even works when you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers re ported. getting relief after m assaging their tem ples and neck and sm ok ers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and sm oked less.
2Ể 1. W hat has recently been said about getting a m assage?
ằĩt relaxes you.
It m akes you feel good.
It improves your physical condition.
D. It requires a special technique.
2. Babies bom before their tim e A* cry less and sleep better if they are massaged. _____
fgrow faster if they are held.
develop faster th an healthy babies if they get a lot of physical
contact.
D. don’t survive if they are not held.
3. The au th or suggests th at touch ______
A. increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
B. m akes your heart beat faster.
(^ ) increases' the feeling of well-being.
D. helps you deal with your feelings.
4. Patients who get m assag es_____
A. d on’t experience muscle pain.
B avoid having surgery. ^ J
(j3y make a quicker recovery.
D. are not better off than those who do not.
5. According to the artic le_____
Ạ. m assage h as no effect on smokers.
B. m assage relieves headaches by 43%.
c. sm okers who gave others m assages felt less anxious and
smoked less.
(p j m assaging yourself is as effective as being massaged.
6. W hat did the study conducted in Miami show? 1
A. Elderly volunteers who got m assages felt less anxious.
B. Mothers were depressed after m assaging their babies,
c. Babies who got m assages felt better.
QSj Giving a m assage is as beneficial as getting one.
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?: •
they don’t m ạssage their
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-V -getting one. ... , : , .........
helps sm okers quit'sm oking.
GLOSSARY
- relaxing(adj) gây cảm giác dễ chịu - resistariceto sức ñề kháng ñối với : -depressed (adj) trầm cảm (depression) ~ bone-marrow transplant sự cấy ghép - to isp ẹ ị^sth UỊyñầy nhanh cái gì tùy xương
- premature infant trẻ sinh thiếu tháng - neurological (adj) thuộc thần kinh
- heart rate nhịp tim - chronic (adj) mãn tính
- blood pressure huyết áp - musde ache sự ñau nhức cơ bắp
- well-being trạng thái mạnh khỏe - temple thái dương
- self-massage sự tự xoa bóp
6
If we took a look a t how people in Europe com m unicated ju s t one . hundred years ago, we would be very surprised to find out th at English was hardly used outside the United Kingdom. The language m ost commonly used between people of different nationalities, and particu larly the aristocracy, was French. In fact, French was th e language of diplom acy, culture and education. However, that is not the case nowadays. English h a s replaced French as the international language of comm unication. Today there are more people who speak English as a second language th an people who speak it as a first language.
There are many reasons why English has become the language of in
ternational com munication. B ritain’s colonization of m any p arts of the world had som ething to do with it, but it is mainly due to America’s rise to the position of major world power. This helped spread popular American culture throughout the world bringing the language with it.
But is it good th at English h a s spread to all p arts of the world so quickly? Language specialists seem to be divided over this'i&^ue. There are those who claim th at it is im portant to have a language th at the people in our increasingly globalized world have in common. According to others, English is associated with a particular culture and therefore promotes th at culture at the expense of others. Linguists have sug gested “E speranto”, an artificially put-together language, as a solution to international com m unication problems b u t w ithout success. So, English will continue being the world language until some other lan guage, maybe Chinese, which is the m ost widely-spoken native lan
guage in the world, takes over as the world’s international language in stead of English.
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1. According to the passage, a century ago_____
A. educated people throughout Europe spoke English.
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B. foreign travelers to England spoke only French.
< ề French was m uch more popular th an English.
D. only the French aristocracy could speak English. -
2. W hat is chiefly responsible for the growth in popularity of English? A. B ritain’s becoming an international power.
B. The French losing m any colonies.
America’s becoming powerful.
D. The development of American culture.
3. W hat is m eant by “the language of diplomacy” (lines 5-6)?
A. The language used by ordinary people.
B. The language used by the English and the French.
The language used by the aristocracy.
The language used by governments.
4. W hat is true according to the passage?
A. The experts don’t like Esperanto.
Esperanto is difficult to learn.
Esperanto is not a natural language
D. Esperanto is becoming more and more popular.
5. Th£ experts' opinion on the spread of English is
(a / split B. positive c . negative (B)i undecided
6. The au th o r believes t h a t_____
A. English is easier to learn th an Chinese.
English will probably be replaced as an international language.
Chinese is going to be the next language of international com
m unication.
D. Chinese is growing in popularity among non-native speakers.
7. These d a y s_____
French is the language of diplomacy,
more non-natives speak English th an natives.
c. more people speak French th an English.
D. French is a dying language.
8. W hat would be a good title for this passage?
y O English: Past, Present and Future
(b ) English as an International Language
c. English language m eans English culture
D. English: a difficult language to learn
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GLOSSARY : > 4
- áristocrạcýígíạjfcại3 qitytgc.:
' ' :jộẹ;ñjạ- -a ;
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thiệtìtiòi chòngủởi .khăc.
7 ' : :
The term “dyslexia” is used to describe a num ber of problems asso ciated w ith reading, writing or spelling. Short-term memory, m athem at ics, concentration, personal organization an d sequencing may also be affected. We do not know exactly w hat causes dyslexia, b u t we-ño know th at it tends to ru n in the family. We also know th at more boys suffer from dyslexia th an girls and th at dyslexia is more common in u rb an areas th an in rural.
One of the most common sign's of dyslexia is "reversals”. People with this kind of problem often confuse letters like “b” an d “d” w hen reading and writing or they sometimes read and write words like “tip” and “won” as “pit” and “now”. O ther common characteristics are lack of punctuation, misspelling, m ixed-up sentence structure and poor gramm atical construction. —
People are born with dyslexia, but it is only when they begin -to learn to write th at it becomes a noticeable problem. For children with dys lexia, going to school can be a traum atic experience. Poor achievem ent can m ake them feel frustrated and insecure. They are reluctant to go to school and sometimes even skip school altogether. Cheating, stealing and experim enting with drugs can also occur when children regard themselves as failures.
It is a common misconception th at dyslexic people are of inferior in - telligence. Yet Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Thom as Edison and Hans Christian Andersen were apparently all dyslexic. There is no total cure for dyslexia; however, the effects of dyslexia can be lessened with the guidance of skilled specialists and a lot of determ ination.
1. When does it become apparent th at a child may be suffering from dyslexia?
when they are bom
\B jw h e n they begin their education
c. when they use symbols instead of words
D. w hen they start talking
2. According to the passage, dyslexic children_____
m ight have behavioral problems.
B. end up taking drugs.
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c. look forward to going to school.
D. do well a t school.
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3. The passage states th at one common characteristic of dyslexics is th at they ______
A. have difficulty expressing their feelings.
B. are not able to read three-letter words,
c . have difficulty learning the letter “b”.
read words backwards.
4. The purpose of this passage is to inform readers th a t_____
A. Albert Einstein was dyslexic.
B. it is difficult for dyslexics to get professional help.
X c ) dyslexics are as intelligent as other people.
D. dyslexics are inferior to other people.
5. Who is more likely to be dyslexic?
A. girls
* B. children who live in the country
c. children who are not bright
children whose parents are dyslexic
6. How can the effects of dyslexia be m ade less severe?
by learning to live with them
by learning a special skill
with professional help and hard work
by learning how to deal with failure
7. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Dyslexia refers to a specific learning disability.
B. Dyslexic people become famous.
ế Dyslexia affects only reading and writing skills
The causes of dyslexia haven’t been fully explained.
GLOSSARY
- dyslexia chứng ñọc và viết khó - dys- - mixed-up (adj) lộn xộn, rối loạn lexic (adj) - traumatic (adj) gây chấn thương - short-term memory trí nhớ ngắn hạn/ - frustrated (adj) chán nàn, thất vọng trí nhớ sơ cấp - insecure (adj) bất an, không yên tâm - sequencing khà năng [iên kết các sự - to skip school bỏ học
kiện ................... - misconception quan niệm sai jam - to run ỉri thẹtapiHyxó tính di truyền - inferior (adj) thấp kém
- reversal sự ñảo ngược - to lessen làm giảm bớt, làm nhẹ ñi - misspelling sự ñánh vần sai
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8
'• '■ vBacỊcỊn'. Ị853, ị á t ' the age of':24-V Levi ■ S ^ ị i s s ‘ồi^neặ;.ía;.: w est coast , . branch- of his. brother’s dry goods b u siness m; New York; . Oyer the next
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twenty,y ẹ ^ s ^ ỉle built his .business into a lucrative operation, y:
One of Levi’s custom ers was a tailor by the nam e of Jacob Davis. Originally from Latvia, Jacob lived in Reno, Nevada, and regularly p u r chased bolts of cloth from Levi S trauss & Co. Among Jacob ’s custom ers was a m an who kept ripping the pockets on the p an ts th a t Jaco b made for him. Jaco b tried to find a way to strengthen his custom er’s pants when, one day, it finally occurred to him. He decided to p u t m etal rivets on the pocket corners and a t the base of the button fly. It worked and the p an ts becam e an instant success.
Jacob knew he had discovered som ething new and worried th at someone might steal his idea. T hat’s why he decided to apply for a p at ent, bu t he didn’t have the $68 th at was required for the paperwork. So, he turned to Levi S trauss. He wrote him a letter suggesting th at they hold the patent together. Being the businessm an th a t he was, S trau ss agreed immediately seeing the potential for this new product. So, on May 20, 1873, the two men received p atent num ber 139,121 from the u s Patent and Tradem ark Office and went into business to
gether. That was the day blue jean s were bom . Who would have thought back then th at denim, thread and a little metal would become the m ost popular clothing product in the world and it’s all th an k s to two men - Levi S trau ss and Jacob Davis.
1. According to the passage, why did Jacob write to Levi?
\ a ) He didn't have the necessary funds to get a patent.
B. Hẹ didn’t know how to apply for a patent,
c. He had no one else to tu rn to.
D. He knew Levi had the right connections.
2. Which' of the following titles best sum m arizes the content of the passage?
A. The Beginning of a Successful Partnership
B. The History of Jea n s
tci) How J e a n s Were Invented
D. The Lives of Levi S trauss and Jacob Davis
3. According to the passage, what happened in 1853?
A. Levi set up a business w ith his brother,
B. Levi moved to the west coast.
c. Levi becam e a successful businessm an.
Levi started working on his own.
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4. W hat is true about Jacob Davis?
He w as Levi’s friend.
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He was Levi’s custom er in Latvia.
Ul)He was Levi’s business partner,
D. He w as Levi’s tailor.
5. Why did Jacp b .p u t metal rivets on the pants he made?
Ai because h is custom ers asked for it
\ 0 ) because he w anted to prevent something from happening
c . because it was fashionable
D. because he wanted to do something different
6. Why did Levi accept Jacob ’s offer?
{a ) because he knew it would pay off
B. because his business was in trouble
c . because he was looking to expand his business
D. because Jacob was a good custom er
^ 7. IgL 1873, Levi and J a c o b _____ .
( a J founded their first company.
■ B. applied for a patent num ber.
•'& ) made their first blue jeans.
D. got their first custom ers.
GLOSSARY
- lucrative (adj) sinh lời, nhiều ĩợỉ nhuận - patent bằng sáng chế
- bolt of cloth cuộn vài, súc vải - paperwork giấy tờ hành chính - to rip làm rách - Patent and Trademark Office sở cấp - pants cái quần bằng phát mình và công nhận thương - rivet con ñinh tán hiệu .
- base phần phía dưới, phần ñáy - denim [tên loại vài ñể may quần jeans] - button fly cửa quần - thread sợi chỉ - to pay off (rõt cuộc) mang lại IỢỈ ích
9 PROTECT OUR PLANET WITH CAT!
Back in the 1960s and 70s, the world was. becoming more aware of the destructive effects of industry on the environment and people were starting to think seriously about ways of protecting the envừonment. One m an who was particularly affected by this subject was Gerard Morgan-Grenville. As Morgan-Grenville travelled round earning his liv
ing as a gardener, he noticed signs of the damage th a t was being done to the countryside around him. It w asn’t long before Morgan-Grenville decided th at he had to do som ething about this situation. He felt th at if people could be shown a better way of living then maybe they would be interested enough to try to protect their precious environment.
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Mr Morgan-Grenville decided to set up a project th a t would prove what was happening to our surroundings and w hat' could be done about it. So, in 1975, Morgan-Grenville created the Centre for A lterna tive Technology (CAT) in a village in Wales.
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The m ain aim of CAT is to search for a n ecologically better -way of living by using technology th at does not harm the environm ent. One of the m ost im portant things CAT did initially w as to explore and dem on strate a wide range of techniques and to point out which ones h ad the least destructive results on the world around us. It is also very im por tan t for CAT to provide inform ation and advice to people all over Britain and all over the world. If more and more individuals are inform ed about how m uch dam age our m odem lifestyle is doing to th e planet, maybe more of them would be prepared to look for solutions.
The point about CAT is th a t by combining theoretical and practical ideas, it h as shown ways in which people, n atu re and technology can exist together successfully. CAT' now covers m any them es, including energy-saving techniques, good use of land, the correct m anagem ent of waste products, recycling and health and food issues. Visitors to CAT are able to observe m any new ways of living, all of which are ecologi
cally correct and use up less of our valuable raw materials. For exam - ple, the sewage system s a t CAT th a t get rid of all the w aste from the kitchens and bathroom s are organised so as to be completely environ mentally friendly, and m uch of the energy used a t the centre is created by power from, the sun, wind or rain. In addition, all the building m eth ods used are ecologically ideal and no chemicals are used at the centre; for instance, no chemicals are used in gardening or cleaning. Every thing is based on the use of natu ral products.
One m ajor global problem is the damage done to the whole planet by the effects of industiy. Problems such as global warming, the holes in the ozone layer, the destruction of huge areas of forests, an d pollution in our atm osphere are all connected to the fact th a t there is an in
crease in industry. Now, at last, this problem is being recognised worldwide.
People now agree th at we w ant clean air, pure drinking water, safe sunlight and healthy food. W hat CAT is trying to do is to dem onstrate th at we can have all those things w ithout the environm ent paying the price. Slowly, CAT is com m unicating its m essage to countries across the world. In Europe, several countries have set up sim ilar ecological centres to look a t alternative environmentally friendly technology. The workers a t CAT hope th at one day there will be so many centres all over the world th a t governm ents and m anagers of industry will sta rt to change their ideas and will think more carefully about the environ ment. Once this happens, the possibilities for protecting our beautiful planet will be endless.
20
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1. Mr Morgan-Grenville was worried about _ _ _ ầthe dam age his gardening was doing to title countryside, BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
th e countryside being harmed,
people protecting the environment.
D. w hat h e ’did for a living in the countryside.
2. One of the m ain aim s of CAT i s _____ '
A. to use better technology to harm the environment.
B. to use less technology in the envừonm ent.
ế to stop using technology th at does not harm the environment, to use technology th at causes less damage to the environment.
3. Which one of the following statem ents is true?
\ a ) c a t u ses a m ixture of theory and practice to explain its m es sage.
B. CAT only uses practical solutions to explain its message. -
c. CAT has dem onstrated how successful its theories are.
D. CAT believes it would be better if technology didn’t exist.
4. Visitors to CAT_____
A. can use valuable raw materials.
•* B. are all ecologically correct.
< c) can see new ideas in practice.
D. can see valuable raw m aterials. .
The increase in industry worldwide_____
5.
(X ^has led to an increase in environm ental problems. B. is due to the dam age done to the whole planet, c. is a result of efforts to protect the environment. D. h as been caused by problem s like global warming.
6. The w orkers at CAT are hoping______
A. th at their m anagers will start to change industry.
(b ) th at their ideas will be used ail over the world,
c. th at our beautiful planet will end.
* th a t it can protect governments and m anagers worldwide.
GLOSSARY
- the Centre for Alternative Technol- - theme chủ ñề ogy Trung Tâm sử Dụng công Nghệ - waste products các chất thải, phế Thay Thế phẩm
- initially (adv) lúc ban ñầu - sewage system hệ thống xử Jí chất - theoretical (adj) thuộc về [í thuyết thải
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10 ’c AN UNWELCOME GUEST : .
Of th e óựe In -seven people m the UK who cỉaim to-have seen a ghost, the m ajority''are1 women.* T his may' be because woi&ẹÈrhạve fax, more
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association w ifevihe-spirit->worldv-W-omen tru s t their.-erootions an d are generally b etter .able than .men to,cope with the unexpected.---..
Housewife Fiona Blair describes hersetf as very practical-and down to-earth, and never believed in the idea th a t a house could be haunted. That all changed w hen she and her family moved into a m anor house in the MidỊạriắs. Although the surveyor reckoned th a t the house re quired á., lot - of attention and w as somewhat damp, they thought it was stunning. They could ju s t afford it and it would be a good investm ent, so they took the plunge and decided to buy it.
Nonetheless, right from the start, Fiona had a strange sense th at they were not alone in the house. One of her teenage daughters had left a towel over the back of a chair in the kitchen. Fiona w as in the garden, and when she returned to the house, the towel was over the kitchen table like a tablecloth. On other occasions the family would find th at objects such as glasses and vases had been turned upside-down.
This was only the start of the peculiar happenings. A particularly strange incident happened on Fiona's birthday. Fiona’s h usband, Mark, came home from work and went into the living room. He immediately came rushing out to ask who had bought her the beautiful flowers - but nobody had given Fiona flowers and her daughters had not put the flowers there. It remained a mystery how they had miraculously ap - peared.
Fiona was curious and decided to find out about the histoiy of the house. W hat she discovered was rather alarming. Apparently a young girl, servant to a previous generation of owners, had been found dead in peculiar circum stances in the attic. Fiona and her family inevitably began to feel claustrophobic and trapped in the house, and eventually decided th a t they would have to move.
Unfortunately, things were not as simple as that. Each time they a t tem pted to show the house to potential buyers, Fiona would of course ensure beforehand th at everything was n eat and tidy in order to make a good impression. But by ,the time anyone arrived, the entire house would be in a complete mess, and visitors complained of an u npleasant atm osphere. Eventually, after many m onths, an American couple viewed the house, and decided it had a certain attraction. For some reason, the ghost did not play its u su al tricks, and Fiona w as able to sell w hat had been her dream home.
Now living in a spacious m odem apartm ent in London, Fiona w ants to forget it all and move on with her life. “At one point I th oug ht I might be going out of my mind, it was all so frightening. We can alm ost laugh about it all now, bu t I hope we never experience anything like th at again.
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1. Why did the writer and her husband w ant to move into the house BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
c . They knew someone im portant had lived there.
D. They were looking for a house to modernise.
2. After they moved in, th e y ______
A. began to hear strange noises in the attic.
ể realised th at the house was incredibly cold,
discovered th a t objects were being moved.
D. broke a lot of glasses.
3. W hat happened on Fiona’s birthday?
A. Her daughters bought her flowers.
There was an unexplained occurrence.
c . A burglar broke into the living room.
D. Mark forgot to buy a present.
A wix 4. W hat had happened to the servant girl?
She had killed herself in the attic.
B. She was m urdered by the owners,
c . She had been locked in the attic.
(ũỳ She died in the house.
5. W hat did the ghost do when they decided to sell the house?
' A. It disappeared immediately.
It made people viewing it feel unwelcome,
c . It tidied the house.
D. It m ade horrible noises.
6. W hat does “it” {first sentence of the last paragraph) refer to?
the house she lived in
B. the m odem apartm ent
(c) the experience she had
D. the sale of the house
GLOSSARY
- spirit 1) tinh thần 2) tâm linh 3) bóng - stunning (adj) tuyệt vời, rất hay ma - to be turned upside-down bị lật úp - down-to-earth (adj) thực tế - attic rầm thượng, gác xép
- haunted (adj) (nhà) bị ma ám - claustrophobic (adj) cảm thãy sự khi ờ - the Midlands vùng Trung Nguyên (ở trong không gian ñóng kín
Anh) - to play tricks giở trò chọc phá
- surveyor nhân viên ñịa chính - spacious (adj) rộng mênh mông - to reckon cho là, ñoán là - to gò 'oyt of one's mind phát ñiên
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\À recent survey ,of-crime: statistics shows :rth a t: we ạrẹ.' all mo re likely : to be.;bụrglẹd: now ttiah- 20;years ago' and' thei p o & ^ adíyỈổẹ-íẹveryone to
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take a.few simple precautions• tò; protect their-Homes|:: .
The first fact IS ữ ^ t b u r g l a r s o t h e r .'intruders prefer, easy oppor tunities, like a house which is- very obviously1 empty This .is,much less: of a challenge than an occupied house, and one whichr is well protected. A burglar will wonder if it is worth the bother. ' .
There are some general tips on how to avoid your home becoming another crime statistic. Avoid leaving signs th at your house is empty. When you have to go out, leave at least one light on as well as a radio or television, and do not leave any curtains wide open. The sight of your latest m usic centre or com puter is enough to tem pt any burglar.
Never leave a spare key in a convenient hiding place. The first place a burglar will look is under the doorm at or in a flower pot and even somewhere more “imaginative” could soon be uncovered by the in truder. It is m uch safer to leave a key with a neighbour you can tru st. But if your house is in a quiet, desolate area be aware th at th is will be a burglar’s dream, so deter any potential criminal from approaching your house by fitting security lights to the outside of.your house.
But w hat could happen if, in spite of the aforementioned _jgecauz; tions, a burglar or intruder has decided to target your home. Windows are usually the first point of entry for many intruders. Downstairs win dows provide easy access while upstairs windows can be reached with a ladder or by climbing up the drainpipe. Before going to bed you should double-check th at all windows and sh u tters are locked. No m at ter how small your windows may be, it is surprising w hat à narrow gap a determ ined burglar can manage to get through. For extra security, fit window locks to the inside of the window.
W hat about entry via doors? Your back door and patio doors, which are easily forced open, should have top quality security locks fitted. Even though this is expensive it will be money well spent. Install a b u r glar alarm if you can afford it as another line of defence against in tru d - ers.
A sobering fact is that not all intruders have to break and enter into a property. Why go to the trouble of breaking in if you can ju s t knock and be invited in? Beware of bogus officials or workmen and, particu larly if you are elderly, fit a chain and an eye hole so you can scrutinise callers at your leisure. When you do have callers never let anybody into your home u nless you are absolutely sure they are genuine. Ask tò see an identity card, for example.
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If you are in the frightening position of waking in the middle of the night and think you can hear an intruder, then on no account should BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
you approach the intruder. Far better to telephone the police and wait ■for help.
1. Aweil-protected h o u s e _____
(A jis less likely to be burgled.
(B Jis regarded as á challenge by m ost criminals.
C: is a lot of Bother to m aintain.
D. is very unlikely to be burgled.
2. According to the writer, we sh o u ld _____ _
A. avoid leaving our house empty.
B. only go out when we have to.
c. always keep the curtains closed. '
give the im pression th at our house is occupied when we go out.
3. The writer th ink s th a t hiding a key under a doorm at or flower pot
(^A) is a predictable place to hide it.
B. is a useful place to hide it.
c. is imaginative.
D. is where you always find a spare key.
4. The “aforem entioned precautions” refer to steps t h a t_____
A. will tell a burglar if your house is empty or not.
0 are the m ost im portant precautions to take to m ake your home safe.
c. will stop a potential burglar
ÍDỊ. will not stop an intruder if he h a s decided to try and enter your home.
5. Gaining entry to a house through a small w indow_____
A. is surprisingly difficult.
(BJ is not as difficult as people think.
c . is less likely to happen th an gaining entry through a door.
D. is tried only by very determined burglars.
6. According to the writer, window locks, security locks and burglar a la rm s_____
( jp c o s t a lot of money b ut are worth it.
B. are -good value for money,
c. are luxury items.
D. are absolutely essential items.
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’pVgives you time to check if the visitor is genuine.
8. The best title for the text is
A. Increasing Household Crime.
Protecting Your Home from Intruders
xf. W hat To Do If A Burglar Breaks into Your Home.
D. Burglary Statistics.
GLOSSARY
- survey cuộc kháo sát
- crime statistics số íiệu thống kê các vụ phạm tội
- to burgle a house vào ăn trộm một ngôi nhà
- take precautions áp dụng các biện pháp ñề phòng
- intruder kẻ ñột nhập
- occupied (adj) ñang có ngưdi ở bên trong
- bother sự bận tâm, sự bỏ công - music centre dàn máy nghe nhạc - to tempt cám dỗ
- doormat tấm thảm chà chân ờ cừa - to uncover phát hiện, khám phá - to leave sth with sb gời cái gi lại nơi ai
- aforementioned (añj) ñược kể ra trên ñây
- to target sth chọn cái gi [àm mục tiêu, nhắm tói cái gi
- point of entry ñiểm ñột nhập, !ối vào - drainpipe ống xối
- to double-check kiểm tra kĩ - shutter lầ cửâ sổ
“ determined (adj) quyết tâm
- patĩo khoảng sân ngoài nhà
- money well spent tiền tiêu ñúng chỗ - line of defence phòng tuyến - sobering (adj) ñáng suy glm - Beware of sth Hãy coỉ chừng cái gi - bogus (adj) giả mạo, mạo danh, bất hợp lệ
- chain dây xích
- eye hoíe lỗ nhỏ trên cửa ñể quan sát người ñứng ngoài
- to scrutinise quan sát kĩ
- caller người ghé thăm
- to do sỉh at one's leisure làm gì một cách thư thả không cần gấp gáp - identity card giấy tờ tùy thân, thè căn cước
12 HEALTHY LIVING FOR TEENAGERS
Food
In a recent government survey on healthy eating teens scored only 5 out of 10 {8 indicated a healthy diet and 6 a “passable” one). Only 1 in 10 teens eats the recom mended am ount of fruit and the only vegetable th at m any teens eat is “chips”. Most teens in the developed world are eating too m uch but are still not getting the vital nutrients to help them grow and stay healthy. More information about nutrition and healthy eating is needed to help young people eat properly. Teens who diet of ten cut out food they need, such as bread or milk, because they think it is fattening.
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O thers don’t know w hat foods to choose in the s.chool canteen in order to have a balanced diet. There is a saying “you are w hat you eat”. So if BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
you w ant to become the next David Beckham then you’d better start eating properly.
Exercise
Lack of money in schools plus increased pressure to .do well in the course exam s m eans th at teenagers are doing less sport in school than ever before. Giris, in particular, are more likely to suffer from lack of exercise and up to 4 in 10 girls stop playing sports in their early teen
age years. J u s t because you aren’t sporty doesn’t mean you can't be active. Walk or cycle to school instead of taking the bus. Help at home with the housework or gardening. Go dancing with your friends. There are lots of ways you can stop being a couch potato L
Sleep
If “we. are w hat we eat” then sleep is like food for the brain. Teens need at least 9 h o u rs’ sleep every night and even mild sleepiness can affect your perform ance, hum our and health. Lack of sleep can m ake you tired, angry or depressed. Nearly 40% of secondary school stu den ts go to bed after 11 p.m. on school nights and 15% of teens say they have fallen asleep during class. In the USA some schools are starting classes at 10 a.m . so th at teens can get some extra sleep. These schools have noticed an improvement in their stu d en ts’ work.
1. The text-suggests th at teenagers ■
A. are healthier than their parents were.
B. don’t have enough information about healthy eating and life
style.
c. sleep more than is needed.
D. do more sports in schools than before.
2. According to the text, teens who go on a diet cut down o n _____ ’ À. vegetables.
B. bread and milk,
c. chips.
D. m eat.
3. . Most teens in the developed w orld____^
A. eat too m uch b u t are not eating healthy food.
B. eat properly and stay healthy.
G. eat less and grow and stay healthy.
D. eat a lot of vegetables and healthy food.
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4. Schools p u t pressure on students t o _____
A. do well in sports.
B. improve their physical condition,
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c . do well in course exams.
D. take a bus instead of walking or cycling to school.
5. According to the text, m any secondary school stud en ts on school n ig h ts_____
A. sleep at least 9 hours.
B. feel angry or depressed,
c . play com puter games.
D. go to bed after 1 1 p.m.
6. According to the text, some schools in the USA have changed the starting time of lessons b e c a u se_____
A. they wanted to please their students.
B. they w anted to improve students' performance,
c. parents insisted on changing the time.
D. teachers complained about how unm otivated the stu dents were. GLOSSARY
- to score 1) ñạt ñược một ñiểm số - nutrient chãt dinh dưSng 2) ghi ñược (1 bàn thắng) - sporty (adj) thích/ giòi thể thao - passable (adj) ñạt yêu cầu, chấp nhận - couch potato người nghiện xem TV ñược - depressed (adj) buồn bã, trầm cảm - vital (adj) thiết yếu - unmotivated (adj) thiếu hứng thú
13 GRAFFITI - A DANGEROUS WAY OF LIFE
Scrawling graffiti is seen as a crime in the UK, y et in the u s it has be com e a recognized art form.
Ju s t a few weeks ago eight graffiti gang m em bers were convicted of causing £5,000 worth of damage on.the London Underground. They are among more than 70 hard-core graffiti artists thought to be operating in London today. Most are aged u nder 20.
Graffiti artists, or “graffers”, operate in many British towns. They of ten work at night, covering walls, trains and railway stations with brightly painted m urals or scrawls in spray paint and m arker pen.
Some people regard graffiti as a form of vandalism and a m enace. London Underground says th at railusers find it ugly and offensive. It spends £ 2m a year dealing with graffiti, and has even introduced trains with graffiti-resistant paint. “We don’t think it’s artistic or creative - it's vandalism . It’s a huge nuisance to our custom ers, and it’s ugly and of
fensive,” says Serena Holley, a spokeswoman for the London U nder ground. “It creates a sense of anarchy and chaos,” says Richard Mandel, a barrister who prosecuted the graffiti gang. “Passengers feel as if the whole rail system is out of control.”
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British Transport Police h as a graffiti unit designed to catch graffers in the act. It spent five m onths tracking down the recently prosecuted BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
gang.
Graffiti art can also be a dangerous pastim e. The London Under ground says th at some teenagers have died in accidents during noctur nal graffiti “raids”.
However, others say th at graffiti at its best is an art form. Art galler ies in London and New York have exhibited work by increasingly fa m ous graffiti artists. “Of course graffiti is art. There’s no question about th at,” says David Grob, director of the Grob Gallery in London. Even some of those who think graffiti is wrong adm it th a t graffers are tal ented. “It’s ju st th at their artistic talent is channeled in the wrong di rection,” says Barry Kogan, a barrister who represented Declan Rooney, one of the gang members.
There is a difference between “good graffiti” and vandalism , says Dean Colman, a 24-year-old graffiti artist. “I’d never spray private property, like som eone’s house. Some graffiti are disgusting. There’s a big difference between th at and graffiti which can brighten up grey walls.”
Dean m akes a living as a graffiti artist. His days of illegal spraying are behind him, he says. He has worked on a television programme about graffiti, designed a- series of government posters, and decorated nightclubs. He h as exhibited his work at Battersea Arts Centre in Lon
don, and he h as taught graffiti-spraying in youth clubs.
Dean sees him self as an artist, and thinks th at graffiti art does not get due recognition. “There’s no graffiti art in the Tate Gallery and there should be,” he says. “Graffiti is a valid as any other art form.”
1. The graffiti artists arrested recently in London w e re _____ .
A. p u t in prison
B. fined £5,000
c. wrongly accused
D. found guilty
2. The attitude of London Underground is th at graffiti_____
A. is a kind of art, b u t a problem because some passengers don’t like it.
B. is som ething to be stopped at all cost.
c. is irritating but they have more serious problem s to worry
about.
D. is causing the price of tickets to go up and therefore needs to be stopped.
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.B. s p e n t ' W l o t t oĩcátcệra;gronp of graffiti artists.
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
. c. have recently'critìcẾeeấ the'behavionof.the -London Under
grounxk1 ' • ' * -
. ,D. don't.know what'to.do.about:“the problem. ■ ^
■4 . i Bạry Kogaik', who defended one of the convicted grafiitivartists,. ''Ytlmks.tKev-~ ' I
Ấ: sho,uld ishow their work in art galleries.
V B-.should not have been convicted.
■; G. stíoùld use their abilities in different ways.
D. should be more careful when working in the Underground.
5. Dean Colman
A. has never broken the law.
B. is concerned about how little he earns from his work with graf fiti.
c. would like to see graffiti taken more seriously by the árt world. D. is worried about young people taking up graffiti-spraying.
6. The w rite r_____
A. is for people who draw graffiti.
B. is against people who draw graffiti,
c. points his opinion quite unclearly.
D. supports the attitude of the London Underground towards
graffers.
GLOSSARY
- graffiti sự viết/vẽ bậy
- gang nhóm/ băng ñàng
- to be convicted of bị buộc vào tội - hard-core (adj) trung kiên, cốt cán - mural tranh tường, bích họa
- scrawl (Ý) viết chữ nguệch ngoạc; (rì) chữ nguệch ngoạc
- spray paint sơn xịt từ bình khí nén - marker pen bứt nét íón
- vandalism hành vi phá hoại của công - menace mối ñe dọa
- rail user khách ñi tàu hỏa
- offensive (adj) gây khỏ chịu
- graffiti-resistant paint loại sơn chõng viẽt vẽ bậy
- spokeswoman nữ phát ngôn viên 30
- anarchy tình trạng vô chính phủ chaos tình trạng hỗn loạn
- barrister luật sư
- to prosecute truy tố
- to catch sb in the act bắt quả tang ai - to track sb down truy lùng ai - nocturnal (adj) hoạt ñộng về ñêm - raid cuộc bố ráp, cuộc lùng bắt - to channel truyền ñi, chuyển ñi - spray phun sơn
- to brighten sth up [àm cho cái gì sáng lên
- the Tate Gallery [tên phòng trưng bày nghệ thuật ở London]
- due (adj) ñúng ra phải ñược (hưởng)
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14 101 WAYS TO AVOID STUDYING
The Six-O ’clock-In-The - Evening-Enthu siastic- D etermined-And-W ell snack becomes a feast. BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Intentioned-Studier-Until-M idnight is a person with whom you are probably already familiar. At 6 o’clock he approaches his desk, and carefully organizes everything in preparation for the study period to fol low. Having eveiything in place he next carefully adjusts each item again, giving him self time to complete the first excuse: he recalls that in the m orning he did not have quite enough time to read all items of
interest in the newspaper. He also realizes th a t if he is going to study it is best to have such small items completely out of the way before set tling down to the task at hand.
He therefore leaves his desk, browses through the new spaper and notices as he browses th at there are more articles of interest th an he had originally thought. He also notices, as he leafs through the pages, the entertainm ent section. At this point it will seem like a good idea to plan for the evening’s first break - perhaps an interesting half-hour programme between 8 and 8.30 p.m.
He finds the programme and it inevitably starts a t about 7.00 p.m.
At this point, he thinks, “Well, IVe had a difficult day and it’s not too long before the programm e starts, and I need a rest anyway and the relaxation will really help me to get down to studying ...” He retu rn s to his desk a t 7.45, because the beginning of the next programme was also a bit more interesting th an he thought it would be.
At th is stage, he still hovers over his desk tapping his book re assu r ingly as he rem em bers th a t phone call to a friend which, like the arti cles of interest in the new spapers, is best cleared out of th e way before the serious studying begins.
The phone call, of course, is m uch more interesting and longer than originally planned, b u t eventually the intrepid student finds him self back ạ t his desk at about 8.30 p.m.
At this point in the proceedings he actually sits down a t the desk, opens the book with a display of physical determ ination and starts to read (usually page one) as he experiences the first pangs of hunger and thirst. This is disastro us because he realizes th at the longer he w aits to satisfy the pangs, the worse they will get, and the more interrupted his study concentration will be.
The obvious and only solution is a light snack. This, in its prepara tion, grows as more and more tasty items are piled onto the plate. The
Having removed this final obstacle the desk is returned to w ith the certain knowledge th a t this time there is nothing th a t could possibly
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■interfere with .-the following •period of study. ;:The-' .£ÍFst còỊÌpĩè of sen tences' 0X1' page- onp are locked a t again: ... as- :the stu d en t realizes th a t his stom ach • isfeeling decidedly, heavy ancLa gerieral::;'droWsiness seem s to have' set in. ' F ar -.better 'at- this juncture tơ' w atch 'th at .other interest
c . will do exactly the sam e thing. BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN D. will feel guilty about wasting a whole evening.
ing half-hour programme a t 10 o clock after which the digestion will be mostly completed and' the rest will enable him to really get down to the task a t hand.
At 12 o’clock we find him asleep in front of the TV. Even at this point, when he h as been woken up by whoever comes into the room, he will think th at things have not gone too badly, for after all he h as had a good rest, a good meal, watched some interesting and relaxing pro grammes, fulfilled his social com m itm ents to his friends, digested the day’s information, and got everything completely out of the way so th a t tomorrow, at 6 o’clock...
1. The stud en t in fact reads the new spaper in. order t o _____
A. find out w hat is on TV.
B. avoid beginning work.
c. be able to work continuously w ithout a break later.
D. keep up-to-date with world events.
2. The stud ent starts planning his first b re a k _____
A. when he sits down at his desk at 6 o’clock.
B. after working for a very short period..
c. while he is reading the new spaper before starting work.
D. at 7 p.m.
3. After he watches television, the stu d en t’s study period is further delayed b e c a u se___ _
A. he h as to m ake an im portant phone call.
B. he phones a friend to avoid starting work.
c . he realizes he won’t be able to concentrate unless he calls his friend first.
D. he finds w hat his friend says on the phone very interesting.
4. W hat does “this final obstacle” refer to?
A. the feast he has ju s t eaten
B. the pangs of hunger and th irst he w as experiencing earlier
c. the phone call he made earlier
D. feeling tired
5. The text suggests th at the next day the p erso n _____
A. will be able to study more efficiently.
B. will not attem pt to study.
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6. Which best describes the w riter’s attitude to the student he is de scribing?
A. He is angry with him.
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B. He is gently poking fun at him.
c . He feels sorry for him.
D. He doesn’t care about him.
7. The writer thinks that the re a d e r_____
A. will have had some similar experiences of avoiding studying.
B. will be amazed .by the behaviour of this lazy student,
c . will immediately resolve to be a better student.
D. will feel guilty about all the times they have allowed themselves to be distracted.
GLOSSARY
- to adjust ñiều chỉnh, sửa Eại cho ngay ngắn
- to browse through ñọc lướt qua - to leaf through lật dở (các trang sách) - break quãng tạm nghỉ
- to hover over (a place) ñứng làng vàng bên cái gì
- to tap chạm tay vào cái gì
“ reassuringly (adv) với vẻ an tâm - intrepid (adj) iiều lĩnh, bạt mạng - proceedings íoạt sự kiện, chuỗi hành ñộng
- pangs of hunger cảm giác ñói cồn cào - snack món ăn dặm
- to pile chồng/.chất cao íên
- feast bữa ñại tiệc
- obstacle chướng ngại vật
- to interfere with xen vào, gây trở ngại - decidedly (adv) rõ rệt
- drowsiness cơn' buồn ngủ
- to set in kéo ñến, ập ñến
- at this juncture vào lúc này
- digestion sự tiêu hóa
- commitments to sb nghĩa vụ/ bôn phận ñối với ai
- to poke fun at sb ñùa cợt, chế nhạo ai - to resolve to do sth quyết tâm làm gì
15 POLAR PURPOSE
In 1997, a group of twenty British women made history. Working in five team s with four women in each team, they walked to the North Pole. Apart from one experienced female guide, the other women were all ordinary people who had never done anything like this in their lives before. They m anaged to survive in an environment which had defeated several very experienced men during the sam e few spring m onths of that year. Who were these women and how did they succeed where others failed? .
In 1995 an advertisem ent about a selection for the expedition was put in several British new spapers. Nearly one hundred women took part in the first selection weekend and then, after several training ex peditions designed to weed out unsuitable applicants, twenty women
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•were'ẹ&ỜS.en.iiThe youngest, of.'t-hésẹ- w as tw enty-one..and'the oldest fifty- •oiiẽỉ.: M ''&ẹ>'g^up> thére'-.was- ấ.ĩậother of triplets, a teac h er^ :flig h t- a t t e n H a n t . a n d e v e n p r o d u c e r .
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- They.-were‘a-m ikedbuiic-h but they -all really w ajnteti'to'take p art in ữie. venture-and. ma'ke it a .success. Each of th e women agreed to raise the £2500 needed ' for the expenses and the airfare to .Canada, where the expedition began. They also committed them selves to following an intensive physical training programme before leaving the UK so th at they were fit enough to take p art in the expedition w ithout endangering their own or others’ lives.
The women set off as soon as they were ready. Once in the ice, each woman had to ski along while dragging a sledge weighing over 50 kilos. This would not have been too bad on a sm ooth surface, b ut for long stretches, the Arctic ice is pushed up into huge m ounds two or three m etres high and the sledges had to be hauled up one side an d carefully let down the other side so th a t they didn’t sm ash. The tem perature was always below freezing point and sometimes strong winds m ade walking while pulling so m uch weight alm ost impossible. It was also very diffi cult to p u t up their tents when they stopped each night.
In such conditions the women were making good progress if they covered fourteen of fifteen. kilometers a day. B ut there w as another problem. Part of the journey was across a frozen sea with moving w ater underneath the ice and at some points the team would drift back more than five kilometers during the night. That m eant th a t after walking in these very h arsh conditions, for ten hours on one day, they had to spend part of thè next day covering the sam e ground again. F urther more, each day it would take three hours from waking up to setting off and another three hours every evening to set up the cam p and prepare the evening meal.
So, how did they m anage to succeed? They realised th at they were part of a team. If any one of them didn't pull her sledge or get her job done, she would be jeopardizing the success of the whole expedition. Any form of selfishness could result in the efforts of everyone else being completely w asted, so personal feelings had to be put to one side. At the end of their journey, the women agreed th a t it was m ental effort far more than physical fitness th at got them to the North Pole.
1. W hat was so extraordinary about the expedition?
A. There w as no one to lead it.
B. The women did not have any m en with them.
c. It was a new experience for. most of the women.
D. The women had not met one another before.
34
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2. W hat did the women who answered the advertisem ent have in common?
A. They were about the same age.
- mental (adj) thuộc tâm trí/tỉnh thần BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
B. They had all suffered pain and discomfort,
c. They all had plenty of money.
D. They all wanted to achieve a goal.
3. What does underlined “these” refer to?
A. all the- applicants
B. the training expeditions
c . the women who went on the trip
D. the unsuitable applicants
4. W hat did each woman have to do before the start of the expedition? A. visit Canada B. get fit
: c. learn to ski . . . D. meet the other women
5. On the expedition, the women had to be careful to avoid_____ A. falling over on the ice. B. being left behind,
c. dam aging the sledges. D. getting too cold at night.
6. It was difficult for the women to cover 15 kilometres a day because
A, they got too. tired.
B. the ice was moving,
c. they kept getting lost.
D. the tem peratures were too low.
7.
What is the m ain message of the text?
A. Motivation and teamwork achieve goals.
B. Women can do anything they want.
c. It is sometimes good to experience difficult conditions. D. Arctic conditions are very harsh.
GLOSSARY
- to weed sth out loại bỏ cái gì ra - triplets những ñứa con sinh ba - flight attendant tiếp viên hàng không - bunch ñám, bọn, lũ (người)
- venture cuộc mạo hiểm
- airfare tiền vé máy bay
- to commit oneself to sth cam kết làm gì
- intensive (adj) ráo riết, có cường ñộ cao, chuyên sâu
- siedge xe trượt tuyết
- stretch vùng (ñất) rộng lớn trài dài - mound ỊI ñất, mô ñất, gò
- to haul sth up kéo céi gi lên - to smash vỡ tan nát
- to drift back trôi ngược trở lại - harsh (adj) khắc nghiệt
- to jeopardize làm hại, làm lâm nguy - selfishness sự ích kỉ
- to be wasted bị iãng phí, trở nên hoài công vô ích
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16
Tennis started in France nearly 1000 years ago. The game was originally played in the courtyards of royal palaces, using the walls (like BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
squash) rath er than a n e t One of the Grand Slam tournam ents takes place in Wimbledon every year. The Tournament or The Fortnight, as the British call the Wimbledon Tennis Cham pionships, is very im portant to the English.
So here you are, standing in the queue to buy your ticket to watch the m atches. Everybody is waiting for their tu rn to get inside. Nobodv is pushing. If you are English, you will have all the necessary things with you: a therm os of tea (of course), a folding chair and (surprise, su r
prise) an umbrella!
At last you go through the gates, and you discover the atm osphere. People are sitting under their um brellas enjoying the British weather. The atm osphere is calm and controlled. You feel as if you are in a select private club - and, in fact, you are. The gardens are superb (well, you are in England...). Eveiy year 3,500 geranium s are planted!
What is so special about Wimbledon? Well, it is the oldest tou rn a m ent in the world, and the last of the big four cham pionships to be played on natural grass. The American, A ustralian and French Cham - pionships are played on cement, artificial grass and clay. All the play ers m ust dress only in white. Wimbledon is free from sponsorship,
which m akes it different from alm ost all other sporting events. This m eans that there are no advertising banners around the courts. The people who come to watch the m atches, com pared to those who watch many other international tournam ents, are well disciplined. You can only sometimes hear shouts or whistles when a player prepares to serve. And if any spectator behaves badly, he or she may be asked to leave.
You think th at the English are very serious tennis fans. B ut if you w ant a good place, you may well find one around 4 p.m. Where has everybody gone? Look in the tents: they are having straw berries and tea. After all, tennis is ju st one of many traditions, and the English like to continue them a ll- especially tea!
(Adapted from ! Love English, 1994)
1. The Fortnight i s _____
A. another nam e for the Grand Slam tournam ents.
B. the original nam e for a game similar to squash.
c. the nam e of one of the two Wimbledon tournam ents.
D. another nam e for the Wimbledon Cham pionships.
36
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2. To enter Wimbledon you have t o _____
A. wait in a line of people.
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
B. book the tickets earlier,
c . have your own chair.
D. belong to the club.
3. Which of these sentences is true?
A. Most of the courts at Wimbledon have artificial grass.
B. Only the Wimbledon tournam ent is played on n atu ral grass,
c. The Wimbledon cham pionships are played on cement or clay. D. All four Grand Slam Tournam ents are played on natural grass.
4. Spectators at W im bledon_____
A. never behave badly during a match.
B. leave when a player serves badly,
c. do not often shout during a m atch.
D. are given special discipline rules.
5. It is easier to find a seat a t 4 o'clock b e c au se_____ .
A. English spectators go to some special tents.
B. it is an English tradition to go home for tea.
c. m ost of the spectators leave Wimbledon.
D. serious tennis fans come in the morning.
6. The text is mainly a b o u t_____
A. the most popular sports in England.
B. the history of tennis championships,
c. the tennis tournainents at Wimbledon.
D. different English custom s and traditions.
GLOSSARY
- courtyard cái sân trong
- tournament giải thi ñấu .
- thermos bình thùy
- folding chair ghế xếp
- select (adj) (câu lạc bộ) dành riêng - geranium cây hoa phong lữ thảo - day ñất sét; (tennis) sân ñất nện. - to be free from sth (adj) hoàn toàn không có cái gì
- sponsorship sự tài trợ
- advertising banner dải băng quảng cáo - well disciplined (adj) có tinh thần ki luật, trật tự
- whistle tiếng huýt sáo
- strawberry trái dâu tây
- to serve phát bóng, giao bóng
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17 . , . '4 r ^Ệgặ: '■
Have -ýọư/heará':ọf■ rmis'hers? -They. are:people who :$nve£lpg->sledges. BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
■Every, year, orí ■tfoe^ferst'Satttrday-'in--'March,. ,6:ớ;ịo 75 tẹam ế;;of';m ushers -from- around--the . world istaiS;-:th e [Idifarod, fặịỊ:ạặltó^Jami|ỗs:-ỉsled-dog race. The ;raee goes from Anchorage^, tồ ứie,.ciíyẫ>f ;
Hq w did,the Iñitạrod start?.:Irr Ĩ925, there -was à diphtheria epidemic
sib lè: S ilf t-iien -the train lines stopped. There were Stm-.v525 m iles to cross in fa: cold, hostile environm ent. There was only one solution. The first dog team left on Jan u ary 28th, with tem peratures of -45CC! Men and their dogs transported the serum , warming it occasionally. On February 2nd, the serum finally arrived in Nome. H undreds of children were saved.
The Iditarod was started in 1973 to commemorate this. The route is symbolically 1049 miles long: 1000 (a round num ber) plus 49 (Alaska is the 49th U.S. state}. The race starts in Anchorage: a team leaves every two m inutes. There are more than .twenty checkpoints on the Idi
tarod, some in Eskimo villages. The m ush ers’ dogs are Huskies, Mala m utes and Samoyeds. These dogs love to run, to m ake their m asters happy, and their m asters w ant to come first in the race.
The lead dogs are the ones who best obey' the m u sh e rs’ com m ands. They are generally the m u shers5 favorites. When the dogs are not ru n - ning, they live outside, attached on long chains near a dog house. Many m ushers raise their own dogs. O thers borrow or ren t them. A m usher knows all his dogs5 nam es and he som etimes h as 150 dogs!
The m ushers come from England, Germany, Jap an , France, A ustra lia and the U.S. They travel across m ountains, the frozen Yukon River, • forests and ice fields, all in the horrible cold. With tem peratures of -
55°c, the m ushers have to wear warm clothes. They do it for the love of it, bu t there are m any dangers, too: dangers of being lost, getting stuck in the snow, bad weather, and anim als th at can attack the dogs. The race is difficult. B ut'to the people who do the Iditarod, the Alaskan si
lence is the m ost beautiful sound .in the world. They really enjoy it. (Adapted from I Love English, 1995)
1. The Iditarod is a race in which 6 0 -7 5 _____
A. people from the area take part.
B. children from Nome take part.
c. organised groups take part.
D. types of dogs take part.
38
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2. The serum to protect the children got to Nome
A. by two m eans of transport.
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
B. with the help of dogs only,
c. by passenger train only'.
D. by medical inland post.
3. The Iditarod team s leav e_____
A. all at the sam e time. B. one after another,
c. two per m inute. D. two a t a time.
4. The m u s h e rs_____
' A. rarely know their dogs’ nam es.
B. do not need to have their own dogs,
c. always borrow their dogs.
D. always have their own dogs.
5. The people who take part in the ỉñitaroñ lik e_____
A. dealing with difficulties. B. the changing weather, c. the peace and quiet. D. being in danger.
6. Which of these is the best title for the text?
A. Saving the Children o f Nome B. Alaskan Hunting Expedition c. Lost in the Snouf D. On Their Way to Win
GLOSSARY
- dog sledge xe trượt tuyết do chó kéo - sled-dog race cuộc ñua chó kéo xe trượt tuyết
- diphtheria bệnh bạch hầu
- epidemic trận dịch
- serum huyết thanh
18
- hostile (adj) thiễu thân thiện, thù nghịch - to commemorate tưởng niệm - symbolically (adv) có tính tượng trưng - á round nưmber con số ñã làm tròn - checkpoint trạm kiềm soát
Ever since a Polish Jew invented Esperanto in 1887 in the hopes of fostering a cross-cultural community,, cynics have mocked it as an ide alistic cult for linguistic weirdos. Yet for such an am bitious and unlikely idea it h as earned its share of notoriety. Iraq’s only Esperanto teacher was expelled during the regime. And billionaire benefactor George Soros owes his prosperity to the idea: he defected from Com m unist Hungary at the 1946 World Esperanto Congress in Switzerland.
To hear a growing num ber of enthusiasts tell it, the language’s most glorious days may actually lie ahead. Though num bers are hard to come by - and those available' are hard to believe (the Universal Espe ranto Society - UES - estim ates 8 million speakers) - the language may be spreading in developing nations in Africa, Asia and South America.
39
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“Because s>f tĩiế Internet, .vvéỉìãve seen a. vast im pro v em en ts. the levels of com petent1 -sjafeakers-. iri ■ places^ike C hina. a n d : Brazil,” ■says- ỊHumphrey T^kinXtkei'-form ei'president’of’the Universal E sp eranto Association. BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
■ Meanwhile,, a small com m unity :of.-diehardS'. h a S ; i b e e n .y lobbying to m ake it theoffiqiaT language of ứié Eúrope'ạn:-ÍỤnioii. ’ Indeed'; Esperanto seem s-perfect for a m odem age, w hen global barrier's are being to m down by free trade, immigration and the Internet.
The renewed enthusiasm for the language was on display in Goth enburg, Sweden, at .the 88th annual World Esperanto Congress. Some 1,800 m em bers of the Universal Esperanto Association - from places as varied as Jap an , Israel, Nepal and Brazil - conversed in w hat sounds like a m ixture of overenunciated. Italian and softly spoken Polish. Or ganizers say attendance outstripped last year’s meeting by alm ost 20 percent. Meanwhile, the num ber of Esperanto home pages has jum ped from 330 in 1998 to 788 in 2003.
So w hat’s the big appeal? Unlike th at other global language, E spe ranto pu ts everyone on a level playing field; native English speakers make up only 10 percent of the world population, b ut they expect eve rybody else to be as articulate as they are. “Throughout Asia, for exam - ple, people are conscious of the language problem because they all speak different languages,” says Jo h n Wells, professor of phonetics at University College London. “Some are questioning w hether they have to use English as their language for wider com m unication or w hether there is some other possible solution.”
The majority of Esperanto speakers still live in Europe, where the language was invented by Ludovic Zamenhof, u n der the pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto (meaning “one who hopes”). Back in his time, peo ple were drawn to Esperanto because it is five times easier to learn than English and ten times sim pler than Russian.
Nowadays, European E speranto speakers tend to be older throw backs of the cold-war era “ though, as sources report, stud en ts in Po land and Hungary can still earn PhD’s in the language. Many believe the popularity of the language in the developing world is being fueled by growing resentm ent of English as the language of global commerce and political rhetoric. “B ush and Blair have become E speranto’s best friends,” jokes Probal D asgupta, professor of linguistics a t India’s Uni versity of Hyderabad. “Globalization h as put a wind in our sails, m ak ing it possible for people to have interest in Esperanto as not only a language, b u t a social idea.” Similar hopes have been voiced from the m om ent Zam enhof .first came up with his egalitarian lingo. B ut in to day’s rapidly shrinking world, the timing couldn’t be better.
(Abridged from Newsweek, August 2003)
40
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1. In the first paragraph, the writer m en tio n s_____
A. two people who survived thanks to Esperanto.
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
B. the nam e of the m an who invented Esperanto.
c. the year when Esperanto gained popularity.
D. the idea th at lay behind Esperanto.
2. From the first paragraph, we can infer th at George S o ro s_____ A. was one of the participants at the 1946 World Esperanto Con gress in Switzerland.
B. became very rich thank s to Esperanto.
c. didn’t approve of the idea of using Esperanto as a substitute for his native language.
D. left the H ungarian Com munist party so th at he would be free to use Esperanto.
3. The word “n u m b ers”, in paragraph two, refers to ______
A. Esperanto u sers all over the world.
B. m em bers of the Esperanto Society.
c . Internet users who learn Esperanto.
D. speakers of Esperanto in Asia.
4. W hat do you learn about the 88th World Esperanto Congress? A. The people present in Gothenburg practised a variety of lan
guages.
B. The participants were encouraged to set up new Esperanto
websites.
c. The num ber of its participants exceeded the num ber present
the year before.
D. The participants had an opportunity to see different displays
organized there.
5. Which of these facts is not mentioned as an advantage th at Espe ranto has over English?
A. Nobody is privileged to be a native speaker of Esperanto.
B. Esperanto is not as hard to learn as the English language.
c . English is m uch more difficult to pronounce than Esperanto.
D. More and more people reject English as a global language.
6. In the last paragraph, the auth or of the a rticle_____
A. explains why Esperanto is spoken mainly by the older genera tion of Europeans.
B. expresses his belief th at it is very good time for Esperanto to be come widely used.
c . analyses the efforts m ade by some politicians, aimed at popu larising Esperanto.
D- gives reasons why Esperanto should be treated only as a m eans of communication.
41
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à Polish 3ew‘môt.nguội Do. Thái goo V. Ba Lan- . • i-
- bạirrier rầo cản
- renewed (ad0':ñừợc'phục'hồi, ñƯỢc tái
usually steal things th a t they can ’t afford or are BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
- Esperanto Quốc tế ngữ/ The giới ngữ - to foster nuôi dưỡng, khuyên khích, cổ vũ
- cross-culturaỉ (adj) giao văn hóa - cynic người hoài nghi, người hay chỉ trích cay ñộc
- to mock chế giễu
- idealistic (adj) cỏ tính duy tâm - c u lt'sự sùng bái
- linguistic (adj) thuộc ngôn ngữ học - weirdo ñiều/ người lập-dị
- notoriety sự nổi tiếng (xấu), sự khét tiếng
- to expel ñuổi, trục xuất
- regime chế ñộ (ñang cai trị)
- benefactor ân nhân, người làm việc thiện
- to owe sth to sb/sth nhd ai/cái gì mà cóñượccáigì
- prosperity sự giàu có, thịnh vượng - to defect from chạy trốn khỏi, ñào thoát khỏi
- congress ñại hội
- enthusiast người nhiệt tình ủng hộ - glorious (adj) ñầy vinh quáng - come by tình cờ kiếm ñược
- diehard người cố chấp/ bảo thủ ñến cùng
- to lobby vận ñộng hành lang - the European Union Liên Minh Châu Âu
19
sinh
- enthusiasm niềm say mê, nhiệt tình - to be on display ñược phô bày ra - to converse trò chuyện
- overenundated (adj) ñược phát âm quá cẩn thận
- attendance số người tham dự - to outstrip sb vượt xa hơn/ bỏ xa ai - home page trang chù (cùa 1 website) - appeal sức thu hút '
- a level playing field một sân chơi bình ñằng
- articulate (adj) (phát âm, nói năng) rõ ràng, rành mạch
- phonetics ngữ âm học
- pseudonym tên giả, biệt hiệu, bút danh
- throwback người/vật gợi nhớ/thuộc về một thời kì ñã qua
- cold-war era thời kì chiến tranh lạnh - to be fueled by ñược cung cấp nhiên liệu/ kích ñộng bởi
- resentment sự bất mãn, nỗi hận - rhetoric lối nói hoa mĩ/ khoa trương - to joke nói ñùa
- linguistics ngôn ngữ học
- globalization sự toàn câu hóa - egalitarian lingo một ngôn ngữ binh ñằng
- shrinking (adj) ñang ngày càng thu nhò lại
Shoplifting is an addictive crime. There are two types of shoplifters {people who steal goods from shops): professional crim inals who do it for a living, or to earn money for a drug habit; and non-professionais. Non-professionals know th at there are consequences, an d they usually have the money to pay, but they continue to steal anyway. These peo
ple steal item s they often don’t need and som etimes don’t use. Although people of all ages shoplift, alm ost one third of all shoplift ers arrested by the police are between the ages of 13 and 17. Teens not allowed to buy,
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such as CDs, cosmetics, clothes and cigarettes. But m any also steal things they could simply buy. Why? “I think, I could be spending my BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
money on this, but Fm getting it for free,” a teenage girl said. “Besides, there’s also the thrill of doing som ething bad. Your h eart starts to race, and all you can think about is getting out of the store,” the girl added.
Teens who shoplift often believe their actions don’t really h u rt any one. They don’t think th at shoplifting m eans stealing. They think th at the store will not notice the losses. They are wrong. Stores know exactly how m any articles they lose, and the costs are huge. Ask teens who shoplift why they do it, and they usually say they do n’t know.' Or they may say th at it’s fun; shoplifting can eheer up the mood of a teen who is feeling depressed, angrv or bored. Friends can also force friends to shoplift together - to be cool.
But why? Shoplifters usually don’t know the true m otivations be hind their actions. However, shoplifting can become an addiction. In fact, drug addicts who shoplift say it is as hard to stop stealing as it is to quit drugs. Without intervention, shoplifting can become a danger ous lifetime habit.
For teens who are ju s t “trying out” shoplifting, the best thing that can happen is getting caught. And the sooner, the better. When they are caught by store security personnel, they feel frightened, and the experience can stop m any teens from repeating their behaviour. Shop lifting is stealing. Stealing is wrong, it's really ju s t th at simple.
(Adapted from Weekly Reader, 2003)
1. According to paragraph o n e ,_____
A. non-professionals work with professionals.
B. some professionals are addicted to drugs.
c . non-professionals rarely have enough money.
D. professionals steal things th at they do not need.
2. In paragraph two, you can find o u t_____
A. w hat articles were stolen bv a teenage girl..
B. why people of different ages steal from shops.
c . how shoplifters manage to get out of stores.
D. w hat things are usually stolen by young people.
3.. Paragraph three is about the reasons w h y _____
A. young people steal from shops.
B. shoplifting m akes people angry.
c . stores do not notice their losses.
D. teenagers say shoplifting is wrong.
4. Paragraph four informs you th a t_____
A. shoplifters cannot often tell why they steal.
B. m ost shoplifters can ’t live without taking drugs.
c. some shoplifters are scared of their bad habit.
D. quitting drugs is easier than giving up stealing.
43
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5. According to paragraph five,_____
A. m any teenagers think th a t shoplifting is simple.
B. it is quite easy for teenagers to get really scared,
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
c. some teenagers often frighten security personnel.
D. young shoplifters should be caught as soon as possible.
6. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. How to Catch Shoplifters
B. How to Recognise Shoplifters
c. Teenagers Who Steal from Shops
D. Burglars Who Never Get Caught
GLOSSARY
- to shoplift ăn cắp ở cừa hàng - shoplifting (n); shoplifter (n) - consequence hậu quồ - cosmetics mỹ phẩm
20
- thrill cảm giác hồi hộp thú vị
- intervention sự can thiệp, sự ngăn chặn - security personnel nhân viên an ninh
Can the school you go to m ake a massive difference to your life? This is the question th at a TV company w anted to answ er, so they ran an experim ent. They paid for a 14-year-old boy who constantly got into trouble and was thrown out of his South London school to go to an ex clusive £15,000 a year boarding school.
The experim ent was a second chance for 14-year-old Ryan Bell. He had never had the opportunities th a t his new classm ates a t Downside School had. When he was asked if he might have trouble getting used to a “sm art and posh” new school, he simply said, “D on’t worry about me looking like a person with no friends, all 14-year-old guys are the sam e - we like cars and girls! I’m certain I won’t have any problem s.”
Ryan’s first year at his new school was a definite success. He was coming top in Latin and got into the rugby team , where he was one of the best. His m other was really proud - she hoped her son would never have the problem s with money she had. His father had left them both when Ryan was a baby. His m other had always done h er best, but ad -
m itted she couldn’t give Ryan , the best start in life. Now Ryan started talking about going to university and a possible career as a TV director. At his old school, Ryan’s teachers used to say he was always cau s ing problem s but at his new school Ryan got on very well with the other
44
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students. His teachers said he would get through his GCSE exam s ea s ily. There were a few. small problems, but at first they w eren’t consid BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
ered too serious. The first one was when Ryan returned home for the holidays and. was caught doing graffiti. It was bad, b u t the school blamed his friends at home for encouraging him to do it and said it would be unfair to expect Ryan to “transform overnight”. They were less tolerant of the second incident - Ryan took another boy’s mobile phone and even though it was apparently a joke, he was not allowed to attend school for a week.
After returning to the school which he was enjoying being part of, Ryan went into the nearest town one evening with some of his friends. At the local disco he lost his tem per and hit another boy in the face. The incident reflected badlv on the school’s reputation as the police were called. Because Ryan had already been in trouble and the regula tions were the same for everyone, he had to be thrown out of school.
This decision was crueỉ, though the teachers believed his aggression and wrongdoings were caused by his previous experiences. Everyone agrees that Ryan was doing very well and even though he failed to complete his education at Downside School, he progressed a long way educationally and emotionally.
(Adapted from Club, Nov/Dec 2003)
1. The aim of the experiment was to •
A. help a young boy get out of trouble at school.
B. find out if the choice of a school m atters,
c. check how good Downside School was.
D. show Ryan w hat an exclusive school was like.
2. R y an _____
A. was optimistic about joining the school.
B. was worried about m aking friends.
c. thought he might have some problems.
D. wanted his m other to be proud of him.
3. Ryan’s m o th e r_____
A. didn't like the experiment.
B. never had financial problems,
c . offered him the best she could.
D. expected Ryan to go to university.
4. Ryan’s new te ac h e rs_____
A. expected him to change at once..
B. didn’t punish him in any way.
c. never tried to justify his m anners.
D. blamed his past for his behaviour.
45
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<2l • While-reading,;..tĩie children-were araused because" -ri
•' A-.', the book had yellow pages J -'I
' B:: they had-to tụ m the pages. .■■ ■ ■■.-. :■■' ■ ’
C: the words-stayed in the sam e place. •• Ợ , :
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D. they had to read the sam e page twice.': . ^
3. W hat did Margie hate most?
A. Tests and homework;
B. Her ugly teacher.
c . The questions on the screen.
D. Getting bad m arks.
4. The difference between Margie’s school an d the school centuries
ago was in t h e _____
A. num ber of tests the children were given.
B. subjects the children were taught.
c. age when the children went to school.
D. place, where the children had their lessons.
5. In her school Margie m isse d _____
A. the regular hours of lessons.
B. the company of other children.
c. individual lessons with her teacher.
D. textbooks printed on paper.
6. The writer w ants to show us t h a t _____
A. today’s schools are m uch worse th an future schools.
B. today’s children should be happy about present schools,
c. teaching and learning won’t change m uch in the future.
D. the com puter is a better teacher than a man.
7. The text is part o f_____
A. a fairy tale. B. a fantasy book,
c . a science fiction story. D. a historical novel.
GLOSSARY
- cynical (adj) tò vẻ hoài nghi
- County Inspector viên thanh tra giáo dục quận
- to scream thét lên, hét iớn
22
Education is an im portant issue for many people in the UK as well as around the world. In m ost countries pupils who attend secondary schools take an exam to get a school leaving certificate. One particular worry is whv boys are. doing so badly. Some twenty years ago, exam
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scores of girls and boys in a class were compared. Boys got bettẹr re sults in exams, so various steps were taken to improve the results of BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
girls, including having single sex girl-only classes. Now, the situation is reversed, with girls getting better scores than boys.
So, w hat has gone wrong with boys, and w hat can be done about it? John Dunsford, leader of the Association of Head Teachers in Secon dary Schools, says th at the fact th at boys do not achieve m uch aca demically h a s its, roots in society rather than the classroom. Girls, more than boys, see education as a passport to a good job. On the other hand, according to Penny Lewis, a head teacher, young men are not confident enough and are often uncertain about their place in society. Some boys grow up in families where there is no father, which m eans no male roỉe model to follow.
Moreover, boys learn in a different way to girls, preferring small am ounts of work with short deadlines rather than large projects ex tended in time. And education is not seen as “cool”. As someone on a BBC website put it, “Girls achieve more at school because they are watching the future while the boys are watching the girls.” This is not ju st a problem in Britain. In a study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and UNESCO, girls did better th an boys at reading a t the age of 15 in all 45 countries. The UK took the ninth place am ong the 45 countries in reading skills, although pupils in the UK spend less time reading than in m ost other countries. Interestingly, the study suggested th a t British children read for pleasure more often than those in other countries.
(Adapted from www.bbc.co.uk)
1. Twenty years a g o _____
A. boys didn’t do very well in exams.
B. school authorities decided to change the situation.
c . girls had very good results in exams.
D. all pupils went to single-sex classes.
2. Girls have better exam results th an boys b ec au se_____
A. boys are too sure of themselves.
B. girls think th at a good education will help them find a job.
c . boys come from a different place in society th an girls.
D. gừls grow up in complete families.
3. Boys differ from girls i n _____
A. the num ber of books they read.
B. the time spent surfing the Internet.
c. the way they spend their free time.
D. the way they learn.
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4.. The study by UNESCO show ed th at British childreii a t ili.e: age of fifteen ‘ \
A;.'read_a:lQt-althoiigK'tIi'ey don’t have;t(X : "y-^'
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' -B:. Spend more tim e reading th an children in o ther:countries.
. c. are the best a t reading.
D. can ’t read very well.
5. The text is mainly a b o u t_____
A. th e kind of exam s pupils take.
B. boys’and girls’ success in education,
c. the educational system in Britain.
D. w hat pupils read for pleasure.
GLOSSARY
- reversed (adj) ñảo ngược
- head teacher hiệu trưởng
- role model cái gương ñể noi theo
- deadline hạn chót
- extended in time dài ngày
23
Leanne B eetham ’s work is surprising. But w hat m akes h er a rt truly exceptional is th a t her paintings are all done w ith a b ru sh th a t she holds in h er m outh. Since birth the girl h as been unable to use her arm s or legs, b u t her talent and enthusiasm have allowed her to be
come a successful artist.
Leanne w as bom with a serious genetic disease. The prospect was so depressing th a t her m other could not learn to live with it. However, she didn’t w ant to put the baby up for adoption, so eventually, she gave Leanne’s grandparents the right to look after Leanne.
Despite her young age, Leanne’s work has already been shown at the Royal Academy of Arts. Last week one of her paintings was sold at Christie’s auction house in London. Leanne was the youngest artist in the auction, which was organised to raise funds for the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation for endangered wildlife.
When Leanne was two, she began drawing with a pencil in her mouth. Her talen t w as discovered at the age of 13 when she painted a reindeer on a school C hristm as card. It was even published in the local new spaper. As a 19-year-old she says: “I w as able to hold a pen in my m outh quite naturally. I started drawing before I started writing. I paint because I like it. Although m any people say I am very talented, I have never thought about myself in this way. I don’t w ant to im press any body or win a competition, bu t to feel better. It’s som ething I do w ithout thinking and I ca n ’t im agine my life w ithout it.”
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Her talent brought her to the attention of a famous landscape artist, Shepherd, who occasionally paints flowers. And crime w riter Frederick
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•Forsyth is also am ong the people who admire her enthusiasm for por traying . elephants, horses and dogs. This famous writer, who h as a large collection of portraits, came to the gallery and saw three of her pictures on sale for £250. He sent her a note, with a four-figure cheque for each one, telling her she was underselling her talent.
Leanne’s artistic talent shows her attitude to life. “If you say I ca n’t do som ething, I’ll go out of my way to prove you wrong,” she said.
(Adapted from The Daily Mail, May 2, 2007)
1 . Leanne’s m o th er_____
A. allowed strangers to bring her daughter up.
B. accepted her daughter's health problem,
c. learned how to look after her daughter. .
D. let her relatives take care of her daughter.
2. The aim of the auction a t Christie’s was t o _____
A. promote Leanne’s paintings.
B. collect money for the protection of animals,
c. attract young artists’ attention.
D. exhibit the paintings showing wild animals.
3. Leanne paints because s h e _____
A. w ants to show how good she is.
B. would like to be better a t it.
c . has a contract with a local paper.
D. h as always enjoyed doing it.
4. Leanne loves p ain tin g _____ .
A. landscapes B. portraits
c. anim als D. flowers
5. Frederick Forsyth _____
A. bought some of her paintings.
B. did not recognize her talent.
c. offered her regular financial help.
D. sold three of her paintings.
6. In the article, the a u th o r_____
A. encourages people to take up painting as a hobby.
B. suggests th at everyone has a talent for painting.
c . proves th a t disability doesn’t always prevent success.
D. invites a rt collectors to buy disabled artists’ paintings.
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GLOSSARY
- genetic (adj) thuộc di truyền “ prospect triển vọng
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- crime writer nhà văn viết truyện hỉnh sự
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- depressing (adj) ñáng buồn, gây chán
- to portray mô tà
nản - four-figure cheque ngân phiếu ghi số - to put a baby up for adoption ñem tiền có 4 con số một ñứa trẻ ñi cho làm con nuôi - to undersell sth bán cái gì với giá - Royal Academy of Arts Viện Hàn Lâm không xứng .với giá trị thật của nó Nghệ Thuật Hoàng Gia - to go out of one's way to do sth CỐ
- auction cuộc bán ñấu giá - reindeer con tuền lộc
hết sức ñể ỉàm gỉ
- disabled (adj) tàn tật - disability (n)
24 SHYNESS
Shyness may not seem to be a serious complaint, but for some who suffer from it, it can become unbearable. Even talking to a small group of people you know can seem like an ordeal - it can feel as if youVe been asked to give a speech on a topic you know very little about to a num ber of experts. You start to feel hot and shaky, your h eart beats faster, your knees feel weak, you begin to stu tter and the whole experi
ence seems to last forever.
The fact of the m atter is th at shyness is som ething we often recog nise in others: blushing (going red) is one of the more visible signs, for example. Yet we don’t judge someone harshly because of this. B ut shy ness does m ean you’re harder to approach, so you become more iso lated. As one shy person put it, “It’s like being in a prison, an d it’s veiy hard to break out.”
Experts on the subject have come up with various possible solu tions, and one h as been singled out as being th e key to success - nameỉy, finding an interest in common with other people. Spending a lot of time on the sidelines watching other people and envying them be cause they are m uch more outgoing doesn’t help; remem bering th at some of the people you envy most are probably shy themselves, does. The secret is how you deal with it. And experts have come up with four things you can dơ today to help.
Firstly, you can start by listening to other people. You will find your self getting interested in what they’re talking about and asking ques tions - and before you know it, you 11 be having a conversation.
Secondly, you could tiy asking neighbours if you can walk their dog. Like children, pets can be. excellent icebreakers for conversations with passers-by.
Thirdly, try joining a class to learn something like tap-dancing or flamenco, where people are likely to laugh a lot. You’ll feel relaxed, and also you II be m uch too busy concentrating on w hat you’re doing to feel shy.
Lastly, try telling yourself th at it doesn’t m atter if you say or do 52
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som ething silly. Most people m ake a fool of themselves eveiy so often - and it’s not the end of the world if you do!
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1. One of the symptoms of shyness in a stressful situation i s _____ A. sweating a lot.
B, an increased heart rate,
c. pain in the knees.
D. excessive talkativeness.
2. Why do shy people become more reserved?
A. Their social unease m akes them more difficult to talk to,
B. They see th at others are shy too.
c. Other people lack the patience to talk to them.
D. They dread being judged by others.
3. W hat do experts believe is the m ost essential m easure to be taken? A. Studying others' behaviour in social situations.
B. Discovering shared interests with others,
c. Comparing yourself to other people.
D. Finding out w hat m akes other people shy.
4. How can listening to others prove helpful in combating shyness? A. You develop useful psychological skills.
B. It is the first step to getting into conversation,
c. People will see you care about .their interests!
D. It is a visible sign of becoming ỉess shy.
5. It is suggested in the' text that a shy person sh o u ld _____
A. learn to laugh more.
B. learn to relax.
c. take up a “social” hobby.
D. help other people in the community.
6. Shy people should realise th at eveiybody_____
A. says stupid things sometimes.
B. m akes jokes sometimes,
c. is foolish.
D. is self-conscious.
7. The m ajor aim of the author of the text is t o _____
A give im portant advice on how to deal with shy people.
B. raise the readers’ interest in shyness as a social problem,
c. present recent findings about the nature of shyness.
D. offer useful hints on how shy people can help themselves.
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. .. . ; - ' ' ^ n. 'Ạ' -1 : . V,
' ; * * '• ..i- ' ' ; , », : h : 'ẾẺMs;ậị,-
GLOSSARY ~ 1 , •:. >
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-shaky (adj) run rẩy- • - . , - to walk a: dog dắt;mệt nỊỈ^&&'.rè;? stiiL.at.Keart!-jxtsi a p im k kid. w ith tattoos”. Anti sh e h a s a -lot'of th e m iA il'o f Her ".tattoos hav4.a special meaning. :She has removed .-sòine::Gf,;lốem\ovéF' the-years.j Eo f ;-example, she used BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
to have a -tattdo-oCa^indow.'XD'n her lower. back. She saysi she used to •Spend 'hentảmẽioofciEkg- out xrf.toioctow&and waasting'.tQ be outside, bufikowL:s h e ’&: outside. SỀH-the time. T bat’i why she. .doesn’t have th at tattoo any more.
1. Angelina Jolie gained respect by -
A. being a Goodwill Am bassador for the United Nations.
B. being a good actress.
c. being a Goodwill Am bassador for the United Nations an d a good ' actress.
D. winning an Oscar.
2. Her father i s _____ .
A. a film director B. an actor
c . her m anager D. Dustin Hoffman’s m anager
3. Angelina Jolie comes fro m _____ .
A. an intellectual family. B. a rich family,
c. a m usical family. D. a broken family.
4. The inspiration to become an actress came fro m _____
A. the films she watched as a child.
B. her father.
c . other directors.
D. her school teacher.
5. When she was a teen a g er_____
A. she had a-lot of friends.
B. she was very pretty.
c. she suffered because of her appearance.
D. she w as constantly on a diet.
6. She becam e a re b e l_____
A. after she had stopped going to acting classes.
B. because she didn't w ant to go to acting classes.
c . because she w anted to dye h er hair and go to p unk concerts. D. after she had returned to school.
7. Her ta tto o s_____
A. are very small
B. haven’t changed since she started m aking them,
c. cover only her lower back.
D. are very im portant to her.
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GLOSSARY
- Goodwill Ambassador for the - break-up sự ñổ vỡ/ tan vỡ
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United Nations ðại sứ Thiện chí cho Liên Hiệp Quốc
- brace cái niềng
- acting class = theatrical class lớp
- to adopt a child nhận một ñứa trẻ làm dạy diễn viên
con nuôi
- biological child con ñẻ
- to divorce ii dị
- to inspire sb to do sth gñi cảm húlng cho ai làm gi
30
- rebel kẻ nổi loạn
- to dye nhuộm
- punk [tên loại nhạc rock mạnh] - tattoo hình xăm
I remem ber a holiday of mine being completely ruined one late a u - tum n by o ur paying attention to the weather report of the local new s paper. “Heavy showers, with thunderstorm s, may bè expected today,” it would say on Monday, and so we would give up our picnic, and stay indoors all day, waiting for the rain. Meanwhile people would pass the house, the sun shining brightly, and not a cloud to be seen.
“Ah!” we said, as we stood looking out at them through the window, “won’t they come home soaked!" And we chuckled to think how wet they were going to get. By twelve o’clock, with the su n pouring into the room, the heat became quite oppressive, and we wondered when those heavy showers and thunderstorm s were going to begin.
“Ah! They’ll come in the afternoon, you’ll- find,” we said to each other. “Oh, w ont those people get wet.” At one o’clock, the landlady would come in to ask if we weren’t going out, as it seemed such a lovely day.
“No, no,” we replied, “not we. We don’t m ean to get wet - no, no.” And when the afternoon was nearly gone, and still there was no sign of rain, we tried to cheer ourselves up with the idea th at it would come down all a t once, ju s t as the people had started for home. But not a drop ever fell, and it finished a great day, and a lovely night after it. The next m orning we would read th at it was going to be a “warm, fine day; m uch heat;” and we would go out, and, lialf an hour after we had started, it would start to rain hard, we would come home with colds and aching all over from rheum atism , and go to bed. The w eather is a thing th a t is beyond me altogether. I never can u n - derstand it.
(Adapted from Three Men in a Boat by Jerome. K. Jerome)
1. The autho r describes a situation when he gave up on a picnic be cause o f_____
A. the weather.
B. w hat someone told him.
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-• c. the w eather forecast he heard:
D. the weather, forecast'he -read.
2. The-other people - X ■
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A.'dgnored-the. w eather.forecast altogether. ’.. .
■ B. dressed for rain. ' ' • ■••• ; V
c . stayed indoors.
'D. laughed a t the author.
3. The landlady was surprised b e c a u se _____
A. the w eather was good.
B. the au th o r didn’t go out.
c. the au tho r was alone in his room
D. the au th or told her about the forecast.
4. In the aftern o on _____
A. it finally rained.
B. the w eather was still great,
c. it rained a little.
D: the au th o r and his friends went out.
5. The new spaper forecast w a s _____
A. wrong.
B. right.
c . impossible to understand.
D. easy to predict
6. The w eather forecast for the next day w a s_____
A. the same.
B. m uch worse,
c. better.
D. ju st as the author expected.
7. The next day the a u th o r_____
A. w as prepared for rain.
B. got wet.
c. stayed a t home.
D. thought it was going to be rainy again.
GLOSSARY
- soaked>(adj) ướt sũng - rheumatism bệnh thấp khớp
- to chuckle cười khẩy
- oppressive (añj) ngột ngạt, bức bối - aching sự ñau nhức
64
- to be beyond sb vượt khỏi tầm hiểu biết cùa ai
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31 A STAR IS BORN!
Katie Melua w as born in Georgia: not the one in America, but the BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
one th a t is quite near Turkey. She moved to Belfast in Northern Ireland with her family when she was eight. The people in Northern Ireland were very friendly to her and she m ade really good friends at school there. When she was thirteen, she dream ed of becoming a politician (she thought she could make the world peaceful if she controlled it!} or a historian. After five years of living in Belfast, her family moved to London. Two years later, she was in a talent competition on television, she sang “W ithout You” (a Mariah Carey song) and won! The competi tion gave her experience of performing live on national TV.
Later, she went to a performing arts school. While she w as there, she found out about different kinds of music. She wrote a song about Eva Cassidy called “Faraway Voice”: Katie really liked one of Eva’s songs and wrote it when she learned th at the singer was dead. She sang this song when Mike Batt, a successful songwriter and producer, came to her school. He could see Katie’s taĩent and asked her to work with him. “The Closest Thing to Crazy” became her. first hit in the sum m er of 2003.
Since then, she h as won m any aw ards and her records have sold very well: I’m sure you have heard “Nine Million Bicycles’ on the radio! She has performed for the British, D utch and Norwegian royal families. She h as also done a lot of concerts, both in big arenas and smaller cỉubs. She likes playing in small places because you can feel closer to other people in them.
She is an am bassador for a charitv called Save the Children and has visited Sri Lanka to see the work th at it is doing there. She performed at 46664, a concert organised by Nelson Mandela to get money for peo ple with AIDS. She was on a new version of “Do They Know It’s C hrist m as?”, a song written more th an twenty years ago to get money for poor people in Africa. She also sang on a new version of “Tears In Heaven”: it was recorded to raise money for people who lost their ■ hom es and families because of the tsunam i.
She is a talented young woman with a good heart.
(adapted from www.katiemelua.com)
1 . Katie Melua was bom i n ___
A. Northern Ireland,
c. the former Soviet Union.B. the USA.
D. Turkey.
2. She first appeared on TV when she was
A. 15 B. 13 c. 8years old.
D 18
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3. One-of her songs was dedicated'to a(n) -- . : '
A. historian B. politician ' c . singer :r ,D\. actress
4: : Katie w as noticed by a fam ous producer
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A. at a talent competition. B. on TV.
1 -C. in a school. D. in a club.
5. Katie prefers to s in g _____ _
A. in big concert halls. B. in small clubs,
c . at private parties. D. in stadium s.
6. Katie helped to raise money for
A. children, people with AIDS and tsunam i victims.
B. children and people with AIDS,
c. children and tsunam i victims.
D. people with AIDS and tsunam i victims.
7. “Do They Know It’s C hristm as?’7 was w ritten i n _____ .
A. the early 90s B. the late 90s c. 2003 D. the 80s
GLOSSARY
- performing arts school trường nghệ - royal family hoàng gia, hoàng tộc thuật biểu diễn - arena sân vận ñộng lớn - hit bản nhạc ăn khách nhất
32 A FAMILY TRAGEDY
Today, Cecile Dionne looks m uch like any other suburban grand mother, but she and her four identical sisters were once the m ost cele brated children on the face of the planet. They were known to the world as the Dionne Q uintuplets.
25-vear-old Elzire Dionne, already the m other of five children, gave birth to the quintuplets in May, 1934. Identical sisters were born in the family home in rural Ontario. No one expected the five tiny infants to survive. But when Annette, Emilie, Yvonne, Cecile and Marie did - the first quintuplets ever do so - they became a sensation.
Within days of their birth, their father sold a prom oter the rights to exhibit his daughters. Stung by the resultant public outcry, the Ontario government stepped in. The girls were taken away from their parents and placed under the care of a board of guardians.
It was not long, however, before the guardians, too, began to exploit them. The Ontario authorities built a nine-room nursery on Oliva’s farm right across the road from the family home, later expanding it into a bizarre facility nicknam ed “Q uintland”. It included a horseshoe
shaped observatory, where crowds peered through screened glass win 66
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dows while the little girls played. The quints soon developed into a m a jor tourist attraction, drawing as many as 10,000 visitors a month. BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
The quints should have earned a fortune, certainly enough to last them the rest of their lives. They were on the covers of magazines. They appeared in films and on radio. Still, by the time they were seven years old in 1941, $1 million had accum ulated in a tru st account held for the girls until they turned 21 in 1955. The quints were finally reunited with their parents and siblings (three more were bom after them) when they were nine. Around th at time, the parents won back custody of the girls and greater access to the tru st fund fed by their earnings.
Cecile h as decidedly mixed feelings about her parents. In television dram a h er m other is portrayed as consum ed by love for the five little girls. That is not the way Cecile remembered her. “I didn’t even really know my m other. She was always too busy. But I suppose there were too m any for her to love. After all, she already had seven other kids by the time we went back to the big house.” If there is a glimmer of sym pa thy in Cecile’s attitude to her m other, there is little for her father. “He was a difficult m an to know and com m unicate,” she says.
The difficult m om ents came later, after the Dionnes were reunited. There were two distinct entities in the family. On the one hand, there were the five little girls who had finally returned home. On the other, there were brothers and sisters who were both proud and envious at the sam e time. It was not an easy situation. Cecile rem em bers it well. “We lived separate lives,” she says. “But there was always so m uch ten - sion. in our relationships, always so m any quarrels. Our brothers and sisters, even our parents, always thought th at we were the cause of their misery, their unhappiness.”
1. The Dionne sisters became so famous because they were the only q u in tu p le ts_____
A. who had lived p ast infancy.
B. who were not bom in a hospital.
c. whose m other had already had children.
D. who nearly died a t birth.
2. Why did the Ontario government take the girls away from their p ar ents?
A. They thought their parents would cause problems.
B. They thought their father was exploiting them.
c. They responded to. people’s reaction to the quints’ situation.
D. They w anted to m ake money out of the girls.
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3. W hat is Cecile’s lasting im pression of the quints’ early years at Quintland? >
A. The n u rse s were cruel to them.
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B. The other quints m issed their parents,
c . People m ade a lot of fuss of them .
D. They had very little privacy.
4. W hat happened when the quints were nine?
A. Their m other had triplets.
B. They gained more control over their finances,
c . They earned $1 million dollars.
D. They w ent back to live with the rest of the family.
5. How does Cecile feel about her parents?
A. She feels sorry for them both for having had such a large family. B. She appreciates the difficulty of her m other’s situation,
c . She wishes she had been able to talk to her father.
D. She feels they were not properly portrayed in a book and TV
programme.
5. Why was life more difficult when the quints moved back to live with their family?
A. The family were divided over w hat to do with q uin ts’ earnings. B. The other Dionne children felt am bivalent about them.
c. The girls couldn’t spend as m uch time together as they had before. D. They made the rest of the family miserable by quarrelling all the time.
7. How does the writer of the article react to'Ceciie's account of her childhood?
A. She is not convicted by it.
B. She accepts it as fact.
c . She thinks Cecile is concealing the tru th .
D. She thinks Cecile is exaggerating.
GLOSSARY
- suburban (adj) thuộc ngoại ô - celebrated (adj) nổi tiếng
- quintuplets những ñứa trẻ sinh 5 - rural (adj) ở nông thôn
- infant trẻ sơ sinh
- sensation tin giật gân, tin gây xôn xao dư luận
- promoter người tổ chức quảng bá sản phẩm
- to be stung bị chỉ trích
- resultant (adj) xảy ra sau ñó như íà hậu quà
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- observatory ñài quan sát
- to peer through ghé mắt nhìn qua - screened (adj) có lưới chắn
- to accumulate tích iũy
- trust account tài khoán ủy thác - siblings anh chị em ruột
- custody sự trông nom chăm sóc (một ñứa trẻ)
- trust fund quỹ ùy thác
- earnings tiền kiếm ñược, thu nhập - to portray mô tả
- to be consumed by love for sb chan
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- publsc outcry những phàn ñổi ầm ! cùa công chúng
- to step in can thiệp
chữa lòng .yễu thựơng dành cho ai - glimmer tia sáng le !ót, một chút gi ít òi - entity thực thể, cái thực tẽ ñang tồn tại
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- board of guardians ban giám hộ - to exploit khai thác, bóc lột - nursery nhà trẻ
- bizarre (adj) kì quái
- facility cơ sở vật chất
- nicknamed có biệt danh là - horseshoe-shaped (adj) hình vòng cung như móng ngựa
- envious (adj) ganh tị
- tension sự căng thẳng
- misery sự khốn khổ
- infancy giai ñoạn sơ sinh
- to make a lot of fuss of sth làm rùm beng một chuyện không ñâu
- triplets những ñứa trẻ sinh ba - ambivalent (adj) vừa yêu vừa ghét
33 THE BEST OF FRIENDS
The evidence for harm ony in the family may not be obvious in some households. But it seems th at four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly-held image of sullen teenagers locked in their room after endless family rows. An im
portant new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly reveals th at their family life is more harm onious than it has ever been in the past: more th an half of 13 to 18-year-olds get on with their brothers. Eighty-five per cent of 13 to 18-year-olds agree with the statem ent “I'm happy with my family life,” while a majority said their lives were “happy”, “fun” and “carefree”. Only one in ten said th at they definitely did not get on with their parents.
“We were surprised by ju st how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “There’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they w ant a car and m aterial goods, and they worry about w hether school is serving them well. There’s more ne gotiation and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to participate in the family decision-making process. They don’t w ant to rock the boat.”
So it seem s th at this generation of parents is m uch more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends rather than subordinates. There are actual statem ents to back this up. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and make com prom ises,” says 17- year-old Daniel Lazall. I always tell them when I’m going out climbing, or which girl I’m going out with. As long as they know w hat I’m doing, they are fine with it.”
Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last ten years, there was a lot of w hat you could call negotiation... or you might have called it bribery. But as long as I’d done all my housework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot
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stricter .with tỉíexr children.’ B u t maybe this positive,'view o f,family life should not ỉ)é u n e x p e c t e d .p o s s i b l e th at ideas of ãñoỉéscsnce being a difficult time are, not- rooted, in real facts. ĩẤ psychologist com m ents, BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
"O ur surprise 'íh,at rteénagerèvsay' thejs get along- well .'With'-their parents comes because.-of a'b rief period m our social history whẹrr teenagers were . id entifi ed" a s different -be in g sB u t the idea of rebelling .aild break ing ^avvay from 'their parents-really only happened during th at one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The norm al situation throughout history h as been a smooth transition from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”
“The present generation has grown up in a period of economic growth, and as a result teenagers appear to believe m uch more in indi vidualism and self-reliance than in the past. T h at h a s contributed to their confidence in the fairness of life, and th u s to a general peace within the family u n it.”
B ut is life really fair? Nine out of ten young people think “if you work hard enough, you will get ju s t rew ards.” However, some recognized th at this was not actually inevitable - and not always fair. “If you have fewer opportunities and live in an inner city,” one 15-year-old boy told re
searchers, “you’ve got to work 110 per cent. Otherwise you can work 50 per cent and get away with it.”
. But greater family stability has to be a good place for young people to start out in life, and the findings of the study supports this. In spite of some gloomy forecasts about the decline of the family, the future looks good!
.1. W hat is im portant about the study into teenage attitude?
A. It confirms previous findings.
B. It gives actual figures for its results.
c. It shows th at m ost teenagers do not get OĨ1 with their parents. D. It identifies unexpected facts.about family relationships.
2. W hat is surprising about young people today, according to the re search team ?
A. They worry about being rebellious.
B. They think th at education is important.
c. They negotiate with their parents.
D. They discuss, things with their families.
3. Daniel Lazall and S usan C rom e_____
A. have very different opinions about parents.
B. could both talk to their parents honestly.
c. had no limits placed on w hat they were allowed to do.
D. are both veiy responsible.
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4. The writer says th at “the positive view of family life should not be unexpected” b e c a u se_____
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A. a happy family is the normal situation.
B. th is view comes from a specific time in the past,
c. p arents allow children a lot of freedom nowadays.
D. children can be bribed to behave well.
5. W hat does underlined “th at” refer to?
A. a period of economic growth
B. a belief in individualism and self-reliance
c . a n attitude held only in the past
D. a confidence in the fairness of life
6. W hat do some young people believe abọut life today?
A. It always gives everyone a fair chance.
B. Making money is the m ost im portant goal.
c . Some people have to work longer th an others.
D. Not everyone have equal opportunities.
7. The purpose of the article is to _____
A. help people improve family relationships.
B. show young people how to choose a career.
c . dem onstrate th at popular ideas about relationships may be
false.
D. suggest ways of educating children in developing relationships. GLOSSARY
- harmony sự hài hòa, sự hòa thuận =>■ harmonious (adj)
- opposite ñiều trải ngược lại
- popularly-held image (adj) hỉnh ành mà mọi người thưởng hình dung - sullen (adj) mặt mày ủ rù
- positive (adj) có'tính tích cực - rebellious (adj) hay nổi loạn - material goods của cải vật chất - negotiation sự thương lượng - decision-making process tiến trình ñưa ra quyẽt ñịnh
- to rock the boat íàm ñào !ộn, gây xáo trộn
- subordinate cấp dưới, thuộc hạ - to back sth up hỗ ỪỢ, ủng hộ cái gì - to make compromises ñưa ra thỏa hiệp, nhượng bộ nhau
- to look back on hồi tưởng ỉại, nhìn lại - bribery sự hối íộ
- adolescence thời mới lớn, lứa tuổi thạnh xuân
- to be rooted in có nguồn gốc tại - to break away from thoát li khỏi - a smooth transition from... to... một
sự chuyển ñổi suông sẻ từ... ñến... - to take sth over tiếp quân, nhận bàn giao
- individualism chủ nghĩa cá nhân - self-reliance sự tự lập/ tự thân vận ñộng
- fairness sự công bình, hợp lí
- inevitable (adj) tất yếu, không thế tránh ñược
- inner city khu lao ñộng nghèo khổ trong một thành phố tôn
- stability tính ổn ñịnh
- to start out ỉn life bẳt ñầu vào ñời - gloomy (adj) u ám, ñen tối, ảm ñạm - decline sự suy giàm, sự xuống dốc
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34 y . SUPERSTITIONS EVERYWHERE :
. Was-.it' poor visibility'-or.'superstition'^at^m ade .WEanchesfer United’s BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
players. Abandon; ''theiij géey.st'ti'p :f9Ệ;,áwàỵ:'games'in-th è middle of a P ren u ersh ip /m a tck m l 1990!?./The-.'players couldn’t.pick each other out, m anager Alex Ferguson told reporters at the time. It was nothing to do with superstition. They said it was difficult to see their team m ates at a distance. But his protest failed to m ention th at one of the five occasions the grey strip had been worn, the team had failed to win.
Dr Richard Wiseman, a psychologist at H ertfordshire University, says U nited’s players may have succum bed to the power of superstition without even realising it. “I might argue th at the players may have un- . consciously noticed th at when they do certain things, one of which might well involve the wearing of red shirts, they are successful.” He draws a parallel with research into stock m arket speculators. Like gam blers they swore th at certain days were lucky for them . Eventually it was shown th at the successful m arket speculators were uncon sciously picking u p on num erous indicators and were shadowing m ar ket trends but were unable to explain how they did it. Superstition plays a part whenever people are not certain w hat it is they do to achieve a good performance and people who have to perform to order are particularly vulnerable. It is as if the imagination steps into the gap in the dialogue between the conscious and the unconscious mind.
Many superstitions have deep roots in the p ast according to Moira Tatem, who helped edit the 1,500 entries in the Oxford Dictionaiy of Superstitions. People today observe superstitions without knowing why and they’d probably be surprised to discover origins. The idea th at mail vans are lucky is a good example. Sir W inston Churchill, the British Prime Minister during World War II, was said to have touched a mail van for luck whenever he saw one in the street. The reason for this su - perstition resides in the ancient belief th at Kings and Q ueens had the ability to cure by touch. M onarchs, naturally enough, grew fed up with being constantly touched and at some point started trailing ribbons with gold m edals or coins out of the door of their coaches w hen travel
ling and people touched them instead. Mail vans carry the Crown sym - bol on the side and touching the van is a direct throwback to th a t ear lier belief.
While some ancient superstitious beliefs and practices have been m aintained, others have died out. This is because those practices with a connection tò farming and a life spent in close proximity to n atu re no longer m ake m uch sense now th at so m any of u s live in cities. Never
theless, we continue to develop our own sometimes very private and personal superstitions. Many people carry or wear lucky objects al
72
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though they may not in fact think of them as such. It only becomes ob vious th at the object forms a part of a superstitious belief when the BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
person is unable to wear or carry it and feels uncom fortable as a result. Experts agree that these individual superstitious practices can be an effective m eans of m anaging stress and reducing anxiety. The self fulfilling natu re of superstitions is what- can help. The belief th at some thing brings you good luck can m ake you feel calmer, and as a result, able to perform more effectively. International cello soloist Ralph Kir shbaum savs m usicians are a good example of the effectiveness of these very particular rituals. “I know string players who won’t wash their hands on the day of a recital and others who avoid eating for eight hours prior to a performance. They can then play with confidence.” But this self-fulfilling aspect of superstitions can also work against you. This is why Kirshbaựm prefers to confront the superstitious prac tices of other m usicians. *If you’re in a situation where you can’t avoid eating or forget and w ash your hands, you then feel th at you’ll play badly. And you often do, simply because you feel so anxious. I wash my hands and have broken the taboo about eating. My only vice is to insist that people leave and give me two m iọutes complete silence in the dressing room before I go on.”
Superstitions can become even more harmful when they develop into phobias or obsessions, often characterized by elaborate collections of rituals. “It’s not a problem if Ỉ carry a lucky object of some kind,” says psychologist Robert Kohlenberg of the University of Washington. “B ut if I don’t have it with me and I get terribly upset and turn the house upside down looking for it, th a t’s a bad thing.”
1. According to their manager, Alex Ferguson, M anchester United de cided to change out of their grey shirts b ec au se_____
A. they had lost every time they had worn them.
B. the colour was not bright enough.
c.. it was difficult for the other team to see them. ý •' D. a psychologist told them they might play better without therr£
2. Dr W iseman says M anchester United players and- stock markek speculators are similar in t h a t_____
A. both groups can identify the factors th at contribute to improv
ing performance.
B. both groups attribute their success to wearing particular items of clothing.
c. neither group can understand why they do well on some occa
sions and not on others. -
D. both groups believe th at certain days of the weefe-are lucky for them.
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■■A, “A' famous’ p o 4 itjci^l,used:' t6';d,b it too."
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B .• “Thè van^;are lucky^b.ut l ;dọn’t know-why.’
c , “Being'touched 'by ã 'm onarch can cure disease.”
V ð. “TỊie royal coat of arm s is on the side of the van.”
4. Which older superstitions have been preserved?
A: Those th at still seem meaningful.
■ B. Those connected with life in the city.
. G. Those connected with life in the countryside.
D. Those th at are created and held by individuals.
5. How does going w ithout food affect some string players?
A. It m akes them feel too tired and hungry to play well.
B. It helps them play with more assurance.
< c. It m akes no difference to the way they perform.
D. It ensures th at they perform.
6. Why doesn’t Ralph Kirshbaum keep the superstitious practices of. other m usicians?
A. He ca n ’t be bothered with them.
B. He has his own complicated rituals,
c. He doesn’t think they always help.
D. He is not superstitious.
7. W hat attitude does the au thor of the article have to superstitions? A. He thinks they are harmful.
B. He thinks they are inevitable.
c. He thinks they can be nonsensical.
D. He thinks they can be beneficial.
GLOSSARY
- visibility tầm nhìn xa, mức ñộ nhìn rõ - superstition sự/ ñiều mê tín dị ñoan - strip ñồng phục cùa ñội bóng
- away game trận ñấu ở sân khách - Premiership match trận ñấu giải ngoại hạng Anh
- to pick each other out nhìn thấy nhau ~ protest sự phản ñốì
- tơ be succumbed to chịu thua cái gi - unconsciously (adv) một cách vô thức - to draw a parallel with sth so sánh cái gi với
- stock market thị trường chứng khoán - speculator người ñầu cơ
- to cure by touch chữa lành bằng cách sờ tay
- monarch vua/ hoàng hậu
- to trail kéo lê ñằng sau
- ribbon dải băng
- coach cỗ xe ngựa
- Crown symbol biểu tượng Hoàng gia - throwback người/vật/ ñiều tương ñương như trong qua khứ
- ìn close proximity to sth rât gần với - self-fulfilling (adj) (lời tiên tri) trở thành sự thật vỉ người ta tin íà sẽ
- cello soloist nhạc sĩ ñộc tấu ñàn celỉo
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- gambler ngứời ñánh bạc
- to pick up on sth ñế ý thấy cái gì
- ritual nghi lễ, nghi thức
- string player người chơi ñàn dây
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- indicator ñiều chi dân, dấu hiệu - to shadow market trends thăm dò, theo dõi các xu thế thị trường
- vulnerable (adj) dễ bị tốn thướng - gap khoảng trống
- mail van xé chở thư
- to reside cư trú tại
35
- recital buối trình tấu nhạc
- to confront thách thức
- taboo ñiều cấm kị
- vice thói xấu
- phobia chứng sờ hãi vô lí
- obsession nỗi ám ảnh
- to turn the house upside down xáo tung cà nhà lên (ñể tìm)
Wilbur and Orville Wright, aviation pioneers and American inven tors, achieved the first powered, sustained and controlled flight of an airplane. Wilbur was bom on April 16 1867, in Millville, Indiana, and Orville on August 19 1871 in Dayton, Ohio. They were the sons of Mil ton Wright, á m inister and his wife, Susan Wright. Their aviation inter est started at a young age when in 1878 their father brought them -a rubberband-pow ered helicopter toy that they adored. They instantly began m aking various copies of it.
Wilbur and Orville lived very proper lives. They did not smoke, drink, or m arry, and they always dressed in sm art business suits, even when they were likely to get dirty working with machinery. They com pleted high school courses, but. neither graduated formally. In 1892 they opened a bicycle shop where they sold, repaired and m anufac tured bicycles. Income from the shop supported them during the early
years of their aeronautical experim ents. Their interest in mechanical flight was reinforced-by the gliding flights of the Germ an pioneer Lil lienthal. The Wright brothers followed Lillienthal’s career and studied all the available literature on aviation at the time. This inspired them to begin their aeronautical experimentation. During the winter of 1901- 1902 they built a wind tunnel to test the drag an d lift of various wing shapes. They also m anaged to design a gasoline engine th at was light enough and powerful enough to propel an aeroplane.
Finally, on December 17 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, Orville m ade history’s first powered and controlled aeroplane flight. The press, however, refused to believe th at m an had flown, and their 1903 flight was not immediately acknowledged by the public. This first Wright air plane was underpowered and difficult to control, and it becam e obviọuỉ th at a lot had to be done to perfect their invention. As a result, they ñe
tided to continue experimentation. Within two years of trials, th< Wright B rothers m anaged to fine-tune the controls, engine, propeller and configuration, and created the world’s first “practical” aeroplane. Ỉ! 1905, after they perfected their aircraft, they began looking for buyer
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passports. He collected them wearily, stam ped them mechanically, and handed them back to us. He had no sooner left th an the custom s offi cers entered. They were extremely polite and m uch to our surprise (es BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
pecially the lady in the fur coat), did not seem too concerned about the goods we had with us. They opened one or two cases, which they did not examine thoroughly, and then asked each of u s how m uch money we had with us and requested to see it. {I learned afterw ards th at large am ount of money were being smuggled out of the countiy).
The officers rem ained quite satisfied th a t all w as in order and were preparing to leave w hen one of th e m c a s u a lly p ic k e d u p th e c ig a re tte -lig h te r to lig h t his pipe. The m an opposite me m ade an involuntary movement and checked himself, saying th at the lighter was broken. The officer replied jokingly th at th at was why the m an had probably had no cigarettes to declare. The m an stamm ered an em bar rassed reply and it was clear he was trying to hide something. The c u s toms officer noticed this too, and offered to repair the m an ’s lighter. He unscrewed the bottom of it and, to our am azem ent, began to draw out a thick roll of dollar bills of high value. A lighter like this was too valu able to be left lying around, the officer said, and he asked the m an to follow him out of the compartm ent.
1. The n arrato r’s fellow -passenger_____
A. was a rath er reserved and bottled-up man.
B. spoke with a very strong accent.
c, used strong language.
D. was cheerful and jolly.
2. The fact th at the m an couldn’t give the narrator a lig h t_____
A. didn’t seem strange to him because he didn’t give it a second
thought.
B. was rath er unexpected.
c. surprised him because his fellow-traveller used to be so helpful all the way to the frontier.
D. was at the back of his mind as they were rapidly reaching the
frontier.
3. When an official came into the com partm ent,_____
A. he found the narrator fast asleep.
B. he did his duty habitually, without fixing his mind on it.
c. he w ent through the motions 'of the procedure m echanically
pretending nothing was wrong.
D. he w arned the passengers th at a lot of money was smuggled out of the country.
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4. After a very quick survey of passengers’ things the custom s officers BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
A. seemed dissatisfied with its results.
B. were suspiciously polite with the passengers and quickly left the com partm ent.
c. inquired w hether the passengers had any currency along.
D. stated the value of them.
5. One of the officers_______
A. was a heavy cigar smoker.
B. was a violent opponent of smoking,
c. wanted to light a cigarette.
D. liked to smoke a pipe.
6. One of the custom s officers suspected th at som ething w as wrong
A. after they were through with the thorough examination of the things.
B. after one of them m ade a motion to take the lighter and tried to make use of it.
c. because the m an looked very em barrassed.
D. after the officer unscrewed the bottom of the lighter.
7. The custom s officers asked the owner of the lighter to come along with them b ec au se_____
A. the m an was a smuggler.
B. they couldn’t leave such a valuable thing as the lighter lying
around.
c. he was too nervous and it was clear he was trying to hide some thing.
D. one of them w anted to repair a lighter.
GLOSSARY
- jerk cái giật mạnh - to be in order hợp pháp, hợp lệ - to take to sth/sb thích cái gì/ ngưòi - involuntary (adj) ngoài ý muốn, bất nào giác
- bright (adj) thông minh - to check oneself tự kềm chế, kìm - good-tempered (adj) vui vẻ, vui tính mình iại
- frontier biên giới - to unscrew'vặn ,trái ñể mở ra - compartment buồng hành khách trên - roll một cuộn tàu hoà - narrator người kể chuyện - to stamp ñóng dấu - at the back of one's mỉnñ vẫn còn - mechanically (adv) một cách máy móc ñọng íại trong trí
không cần nghĩ ngñi - to make a motion to do sth làm cái - to smuggle buôn lậu, vận chuyển iậu ñộng tác là
hàng hóa - smuggler kẻ buôn lậu
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37 _..........., . .■ Did VOỈU •>àâp0--that'-w'ẹ-.íoí;gèt aì?áut-8.0% -ọ£ th e -m ed ic ạ L m íọ rm ạ tio n a ■ doctor m ight jgivew iiiP ^his/fe came to
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
light.'.às,:à resuit^of stodv ^arried-.o.ut-by-'/tJtrecht’-Unf^e.rsity. W hat is .'even''more;iriterestiwg' is ttiat'alm ost half of iệhat we-thir% we remem ber is wrong.. Why do yoữ think: this is? WeH, gộậng to tibte doctor can m ake
most people-nervous and when we are stressed we 'are*more inclined to focus on tfte".diagnosis rath er than on the treatm ent-'.’■■.Therefore,:we know w hat isfwrong with u s but have no idea w hat to do about it.
Here ạre some good tips to have in m ind w hen seeing a doctor. Al ways bring along a notepad to jo t down im portant pieces of inform ation such as how to take prescribed medication or how to prepare for any medical tests you m ight need. W hat would be even better is if your doc tor agreed to having your consultation recorded. In this way, you can replay his advice a t home, where you are more likely to be able to a b - sorb it. Should you believe the situation is serious or you ’re really wor ried, get a family m em ber or close friend to accom pany you to listen in.
The Partnership for Clear Communication recom m ends you ask these three questions every time you talk to a health care professional: “W hat is my main problem ?”, “W hat do I need to d o ? ’ and “Why is it im portant for me to do this?”. It's also very im portant to get any written information th at is available on your condition.
1. According to the passage, the information doctors give u s _____ . A. is not enough B. is only 80% correct
c . is mostly forgotten D. should be studied carefully
2. Research carried out by Utrecht U niversity_____
A. brought new medical information to light.
B. showed th a t fifty per cent of w hat we hear from doctors is m is understood.
c. showed th at fifty per cent of doctors give us m isinformation.
D. was seen as not very accurate.
3. The auth or says th a t .when people consult a d o cto r_____
A. they only w ant to know w hat is wrong with them .
B. they are only interested in knowing w hat they should do.
c. they believe their situation is serious.
D. they usually have a family member or close friend with them.
4. Why is it good to have a notepad with you?
A. to show your notes to a health care professional
B. to write down any im portant details
c . to let the doctor w r i t e h i s suggestions
D. to keep track of how m uch money you pay the doctor
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5. The word “prescribed” in paragraph 3 m e a n s_____ .
A. u su al B. ordered c. used D. perm itted
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
6. The au th o r suggests recording the consultation in order to _ A. listen to it w hen you have calmed down.
B. play to your family and friends to get their opinion,
c. refer to it later to better und erstand your condition.
D. use against the doctor if necessary.
7. Who should you ask three particular questions?
A. Anyone you consult with regards to your health
B. The Partnership for Clear Health Communication
c . Either a family m em ber or a friend
D. R esearchers with knowledge of your particular condition
GLOSSARY
- to come to light ñược công bố - stressed (adj) cảm thấy căng thẳng - to be inclined to'do sth có xu hướng thích ìàm gì
- diagnosis sự chẩn ñoán
- notepad cuốn sổ tay
38
- to jot down ghi chép
- medication thuốc men
- consultation sự hội ý, trao ñổi ý kiến - to repiay mò ra ñể nghe/xem (băng ghi âm/ phim)
- health care professional chuyên viên y tế
For millions of people, the internet has opened up a whole new world. From their personal com puters they are ordering books, sending greetings cards and finding out about literally anything on Earth. For stu dents it is invaluable for homework, for travellers it m akes planning and booking astonishingly easy, while for many others it is a great way of keeping in touch with family and friends or, indeed, m aking new friends. It is, in short, a wonderful resource for obtaining information, getting things done and com m unicating with others. And yet it is also creating one of thẹ fastest-growing social problem s of our time: Internet addiction.
A recent study involving Internet users from all over the world found th a t 50 per cent of them claimed to be addicted, spending an average of over 60 hours per week on-line. Some of these reported routinely log ging on as soon as they arrived home from work, university or school, often rem aining on-line until the small hours. "Sometimes I’m feeling absolutely exhausted, dying to go to bed,” said one respondent “but then I think to myself I’ll just, try one more page, it m ight be really good. And then I think the sam e about the next page. And the next. And so on.”
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The- study .showed no difference in the rate of addiction between m en a n d woihen.■-and-revealed th a t manv heavy, u sers sim ply lo s t track of time. vinyextreínéìcasesý they'.begaji to.negleet themseiyes^.vtSeir families BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
arid -their' friends^ apparently preferring l^e.companyi^of com puter ' to th at of other people..They were also found tò be nĩpre',:likély to be de pressed th an m oderate users, although it is ạ s yet unclear;.whether this is brought about by the excessive time, spent on-line, or w hether al ready depressed individuals have a greater tendency to stay at home and engage in w hat is, essentially, a solitary activity.
The researchers com pared it with other addictions such as gam - bling, which, they say, shares with it the elem ent of interm ittent re wards: in the case of the Internet, the occasional discovery of an excit ing web page. In addition, both activities tend to take place against a
background of darkness. Net surfing often takes place at night; casinos deliberately keep the lights turned down low so th a t the punters, too, lose all sense of time. Television addiction, however, appears to be dif ferent, as TV watching tends to be more passive, merely filling the available free time.
Many Internet users, of course, would say the sam e of going on-line. So when does “norm al” extensive Net surfing become an addiction? In some cases the indications are clear: skipped meals, lack of sleep, strained relationships, etc., but in others the symptom s are more su b - tle. Obsessive u sers may check and re-check their e-mail boxes un n ec essarily. They may deceive themselves, and others, about how long they actually spend on-line, and spend their off-line time looking forward to their next on-line session. They might even ru sh to their PCs the m in
ute they have the house to themselves, relieved th a t others are not there to pass judgem ent.
What, though, can those who recognise they have a problem actually do about it? The first thing is not to panic. One expert points o ut th at many people spend an enorm ous am ount of time reading, say, or talk ing on the telephone, sometimes to the detrim ent of family relation ships. Yet nobody talks about “book addiction”, or “phone addiction” as if they were in some way akin to chronic alcoholism or heavy smoking. If they are cutting them selves off, so this theory goes, it is because of a weak relationship. Going on-line is merely one way, like turning on the TV or going out for a drink, of avoiding' conversation with those at home. The problem is the relationship, not the com puter.
Where an addiction genuinely does exist, the advice is to seek pro fessional help sim ilar to th at for sufferers of other com pulsive disor ders. This consists of gradually reducing the time spent on line, as well as dealing with any personal difficulties th a t may underlie the condi tion. O ther experts advise the addict to talk to support groups specifi
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