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CK.0000044080
CACH OANH DAU TRONG AM VA PHAT AM DUNG
W
N H A XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PH AM
c Ac h d A n h d a u t r o n g * A m v A p h A t Am b u n g
T I E N G A N H
T R A N M A N H T lfO N G ■
CACH DANH dXu
TRONG A ■ m VA
phat Am dOng
TIENGANH N H A X U A T B A N D A I H Q C SIT P H A M
l 6i n o i d a u
Nhu cdu hoc tieng Anh ngay cang nhieu, thu hut moi dot ttiOng trong xa hoi, dac biet la cdc em hoc sinh, sinh vien. Song khtng phai ai cung nam vitng va hieu ro diMc nhvtng quy tac, lu(Lt le trong tieng
Anh de phat dm va noi chudn thii tieng nay. Be dap ting nhu cdu tren, chung tdi to chtic bien soan cuon sach uCdch ddnh dau trong dm va p h a t dm dung tien g Anh**.
Nhting dieu hudng ddn trong sach nay la rat can thiet cho nhting ai muon co nhting kl nang can ban de phat dm va noi tieng Anh chudn. Sach dtiac chia lam 3 phan chinh:
• Phan 1. Trong dm
• Phdn II. Nguyen dm
• Phdn III. Ngti dieu cua mot cdu
Sach trinh bay ngan gon, ro rang, d i hieu, cdc ban co the tiep thu kien thtic mot cach hieu qua nhat. Hi vong qua cuon sach nay, cdc ban se cai thien dang ke viec phat dm va noi chudn tieng Anh. Chuc cdc ban thdnh cdng!
T A C G IA
5
P A R T I
TOONS AM (STBESS)
PHAN A
AM TIET (SYLLABLES)
Trong tilng Anh, &m tilt 1& m$t b§ ph$n cua tCt, m$t tit c6 th£ c6 m§t ho$c nhilu fim tilt.
1 &m tilt:
map /macp/ bdndS
cat /ktetl con m&o
road /raud/ dieting di 2 fim tilt:
member /’memba/ thdnh viin tender /’tenda/ diu ddng, du yem daughter rdo:ts/ congdi
3 fim tilt:
engineer /endji’nia/ ky 8it
continue /kan’tinju:/ tiep tuc
document /’dokjumant/ tdi lieu
Mpt Sun tilt bao gom m§t nh6m cac ch\J cai dirtjc phat &m cClng nhau. M5i fim tilt c6 thl c6 m§t hofic nhi£u phu im (C), nhifng chi m$t fim nguyen 6m (V) m& thoi. Thinh thoang mot nguyen dm c6 thl dting m§t minh de t$o th&nh mpt am tiet. ChCfng n&o mk nguyen &m d6 tvf^ng trtfng cho mot fim, thi am tilt d6 khong cin phai c6 phy fim.
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elicit
e/li/cit /ilisit/ nan giai
eleven
e/le/ven /Hevan/ mitdi mot
open
o/pen /aupan/ mdcita
operate
o/pe/rate / Dpareit/ hoat dong, van hdnh Mot am tilt co th£ co fim phu am (C)
+ Tnfdc nguyen 6m( V)
go be no do + Sau nguy§n am
on egg ice
+ ho&c tnldc v6 sau nguySn am
leg pen house kite * Cach xac dinh am tiet
Mot am nguyen am 16 ylu to cd ban di tao thAnh mot am tilt. Vi thl chung ta c6n phai biet mot chuoi chO cai nguySn 6m d$i di$n cho mot am nguyen am hay nhilu hdn. So am tiet b6ng so 6m nguyen am.
1 am tilt:
eat li:tl : an
meat /mi:t/ : thit
see /si:/ : nhin
2 am tiet:
create /kri’eit/ : tao ra
science rsaians/ : khoa hoc
8
Hay lvfu n den
fim tiet c6 trong &m chinh cl
bdn rdn
tin trom
dau dq,n
bitu kien
bd'me
bita tiec
dep trai
may moc
mdu ndu sdm
23
c. Da so danh tit vh t£nh tit hai &m tilt c6 trong fim chinh cl am tilt diu.
to enter r enta/ vdo
to govern PgAgan/ cai tri
to open /’oupan/ md
to deepen r di:pan/ ddo 8&u, Idm 8&u thim to kindle /Trindle/ bat liia, khich dong to finish /■fini// Idm xong, hqc xong, an xong to study r stAdi/ hoc, nghiin cihi
to follow /’folou/ theo, theo sau
to narrow /*naerou/ thu hep Iqi
Ngofd If:
to allow /a’lau/ cho phep
2. Danh trpng am vao am tilt thvf hai
Doi vdi nhilng dpng tvf c6 2 am tilt thi trong &m d fim tilt thti 2 vi fim tilt trUdc c6 d£c tinh tilp diu ngO.
ab-:
/abs’tein/ : kieng
lab'dyoJ thi, bo (tuyin ngdn, Ibng
tin)
/ad’res/ di dia chi lin thit tin
/a k’sept/ nhdn
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abstain abjure
ad-:
adress ac-:
accept
af-:
affect /a’fekt/ affirm /a'farm/ al-:
allay Id' lei/ ul-:
annul /a’nAl/ ap-:
apply /a’plai/ ar-: ,
arrange /a’rindy arrive /araiv/ as-:
assuage /as’weidj/ at-:
attach /’otact// bi-:
bisect /bai’sekt/ com-:
combine /kam’bain/ complete /kamp’li:t/ co-:
co-work /kou’wa:k/ col-:
collect /ka’lekt/ collide /ka’laid/ con-:
conclude /kanTdurd/
anh hudng tdi
qua. quy&t
giam dau, giam kich thick huy bo (hti>p tide)
dp dung
xip dat
den
Idm giam sdu, dau
buoc lai, gdn, noi
cat d6i
kit hop
bti tuc
(co-operate) hap tac
thu nh&p
dung nhau
ket ludn
25
bdo v4
U thudc
tiet 16
dinh doat
khai trit, khdng cho gia
nh&p
xoa bo
vdo trong
trd thdnh n6 le
md rong
ngdm, nhung trong midc
tron l&n
nhdm l&n
quan sat, giU ludt, mitng li
\
xdy ra
lam phat Ibng
chong doi
26
de-:
defend /di’fend/ depend /di’pend/ dig-:
disclose /dis'sklouz/ dispose /dis'pauz/ ex-:
exclude /ik'sklu:d/
ef-:
efface /i’feis/ in-:
into
en-:
enslave /in’sleiv/ enlarge /in’lardy im-:
immerse /i'ma:s/ immii /i’miks/ mis-:
mistake /mis’teik/ ob-:
observe /ab’za:v/ oc-:
occur Id'kd'J of-:
offend /a’fend/ op-:
oppose /a’pouz/
per-:
perform /pa’fo:m/ thi hanh
pervade /pa’veid/ thdm nhiim
pro-:
propose /pra’pouz/ di nghi, du dinh - Man proposes, God disposes : Mitu stf tai nhdn, thdnh i tai thien.
sub-:
submit /sab’mit/ quy phuc dau hang subdue /sab’djurz/ chinh phuc
sue-:
succeed /sak’siid/ thdnh cdng, kevi suf-:
suffuse /sa’fjurz/ phu kin, dfi trdn suggest /sag’djest/ de nghi
sup-:
supplant /sap’laent/ (replace) thay the, chiem chd...
8us-:
sustain /sas’tein/ chiu ditng, ndng sur-:
surmount /sa’maunt/ khdephue
surprise /sa’praiz/ Idm cho ngac nhien trans-:
transfer /traen’sfa:/ thuyen chuyen un-:
to unlock /an’lk/ mb khoa
to unman /an’maen/ Idm mtft can dam out-:
to outdo /aut’du/ Idm hay hefn
to outgrow /aut’grou/ l&n nhanh hdn 27
Bai 3: Trpng am vdi tif co 3, 4 am tiet
1. Tif c6 3 am tilt
Danh v&o fim tilt dfiu
Hlu hit danh tif c6 3 fim tilt thi trong trong fim Cl fim tilt dlu, nhtft lfi khi hai fim tilt sau c6 t$n cilng lfi: “ary, ature, erty, ity, ory”
animal /animal/ elephant /a’lif ant/ violent Pvaialant/ (adj) architect /D’rkitekt/ catappult /’kstapAlt/
victory Pviktari/ liberty /’hbati/
property /’prpati/
chemistry /’kmistri/ mineral Pminaral/ Ngo^ilf
cicada Psikaeda/ horizon /’haraizn/ pagoda Ppagouda/
dong v$t
con voi
dH d6i
kUfn true 81/
sung phong may bay, sung cao su
chien thang
nintyt do
tdi sdn, quyin sd huCu, dac tinh
hod hoc
khodng v&t
ve sau
chdn trdi
chiia
September, October, November, December Vd rat nhiiu dong tit md van dau Id tiep ngic, nhit: to accomplish /a'kompli/ hoan thanh
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to examine /ig’zaemin/ xem xet ky, khdo hack to imagine /i’maedjin/ titdng titdng
+ Doi vdi dong tif
- Nlu fim tilt thijt hai c6 chtia nguyln fim ng&n ho$c du^c kit thuc bfing mpt phu fim thi trong fim rdi vfio fim tilt thii hai:
encourage /irj’k/u ^ a/ encounter /irj’caunto/ encompass /in’kAmpas/ encirde /in’s3:kal/
khuyih khich
cham trdn
bao gSm, chtia dvtng vdy quanh, bao quanh
- Nlu fim tilt thii hai c6 chiia nguyen fim dfii ho$c nguyen fim k6p ho$c dtftfc kit thuc bfing hai ph\i fim trci l§n thi fim tilt cuoi b§ c6 trong fim chinh vfi fim tilt cuoi s§ c6 trong fim ph\i.
assertance /assa’ein/ qua quyet
resurrect /reza’rekt/ phuc hoi, phuc sinh
+ Doi vdi d anh tif va tinh tif
- Trong fim chinh rOi vfio fim tilt thii hai khi fim tilt cuoi lfi nguyen fim ng&n hay nguyen fim kip /au/ hay kit thuc bfing mpt phu fim vfi khi am tiet thti hai c6 chtia nguyen fim dfii hofic nguyen fim kip hofic diiqfc kit thuc bibig 2 phu fim trd len.
tomato /ta’ma:tau/ cd chua
survivor /sa’vaiva/ song sot
mascara /mae’ska:ra/ thuoc chdi Idng mi
• Trong fim chinh rcti vfio fim tiet thii hai khi am tiet thti nh£ft khi cac am tiet con l$i c6 chiia nguyen am ng&n hay nguyen am k6p /au/ hay ket thuc b&ng mot phu am.
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cinema
library
cutlery
2. Tit c6 4 am tilt
/’sinama/ rap chiiu phirn riaibrari/ thit vien rkAtlari/ mudng, dao
Danh trong fim vfio fim tilt diu
alomosphere Astmasfia/ bau khi quyin generator /^enareita/ may phat diin sanctuary r saerjtjuari/ nxfi an to&n sanguiary /’saefjgwinari/ ddm mdu
temporary /’temparari/ Idm thiji, tarn thdi Ngo^i If
curriculum /ka’rikjulam/ chitting trinh hoc cua dai hoc
memorandum /mema'raendam/ biin bdn ghi nhd ultimatum /Alti’meitam/ toi hdu thu enthusiast /in’Gjurziaest/ ngititi co nhiit tdm ephemeral /i’femaral/ chong qua, mau tdn
Bai 4: Mot so cach danh dau trong am khac
1. Danh ttf chi cac mon hoc danh trong am cach am tilt cuoi mot am tiet.
economics /i:’konamiks/ kinhtehoc geography M31 ografi/ : dia ly
geology /dji’oladji/ : dia chat hoc 30
biology /bai’olodji/ sinh v&t hoc
2. Danh tif tan cung b&ng -ate, -ite, -ude, -ute trpng am cach am tiet cuoi mft am tiet.
consulate appetite
solitude
an institute
/’konsijulit/ /aepotaitn/ /’solitjurd/ /’institju:t/
lanh sut qudn
cam giac ngon mieng canh c6 dtin
vien, cti sd
3. Tinh tif tan cung b&ng -ary, -ative, -ate, va -ite nhan manh v£n dau mft van nhtf danh tif of phan 2 nhtf dong tif of phan 4.
imaginary imitative temperate erudite
opposite
/i’maedinari/ /i’mitativ/ /’temparit/ /’eruidait/ r opazit/
tilting tilting
hay bat chitdc
6n hod.
hoc rong
d6i dien, khdc han
4. D$ng tif t|ln cung -ate, -ude, -fy, -ply, -ize, -ise, nhan c&ch van cuoi hai van, nhvfng neu chi co hai am tiet thi nhan tr9 ng am d am tiet cuoi.
to consolidate to decorate to create
to conclude to persecute to simplify to multiply
/kan’soulideit/ r dekareit/
/kri:’eit/
/kan’klurd/ r pa:sikju:t/ r simplifai/ r mAltiplai/
cung co
td diem, trang hodng sang too
ket thuc, ket luan hanh ha
gian di hod
boi so, tang nhanh 31
apply /ap’lai/ dp dung, n$p dan xin
to criticize /’kritisaiz/ phi binh
to compromise /’kompramaiz/ thod hiip Ngo^i If
to attribute /a’tribjurt/ qui vi, cho Id nhd d....
to contribute /kan’tribju:t/ dong gop vdo.. to distribute /dis’tribju:t/ phdn phat to infiltrate /in’filtreit/ Iqc, thdm qua, xdm nhdp
to dehydrate /di'haidreit/ rut hit mtdc ra to migrate r maigreit/ di tru
)6nh trong am tnfdc nhufng van sau d&y
- ance, ence, ant, ent:
attendance / a’tendans/ vi$c co mat attendant ke hducdn independence /indi’pendans/ nin doc Idp
independent d$c Idp -ian:
librarian /lanb’rrian/ qudn thu thit viin politician /poli’ti/an/ chinh tri gia •ience/ient:
consience /’kon/ans/ liCctng tdm efficient /i’fi/ans/ hitu hiiu
32
•
0►»
i
5
familiar /fa’milia/ quen thudc interior /in’tiari a/ noi, trong -ic, -ical
poetic /pou’etik/ theo the thd poetical /pou’etikl/ co hdn thd, nen thd Ngoai If
Catholic /’kaeGalik/ cdnggiao pohtics /’politiks/ chinh tri pohtic P politik/ kh6n kheo lunatic /’lu.natik/ ngiCbi dien arithmetic /a’riGmetik/ todn so hoc -eous
simultaneous /saimal’teinjas/ dSngthdi spontaneous /spon’teinjas/ tif phat -ious:
compendious /kam’pendias/ sue tich victorous /vik’torias/ chiin thdng -ous
famous /’feimas/ danh tieng tremendous /tri’mendas/ vl dai, ghe rctn -ity;
unity /’ju:nity/ stf hefp nhdt, dodn ket
familiarity /fami’liaeriti/ sit thdn mat 33
- Unity makes strength!: Dodn kit Id site mq.nh! - Familiarity breeds contempt!: Nhitn chd, co liim m&t!
-ory:
memory r memari/ tri nhd
factory /’fvaktari/ xilcmg, nhd. may -ury:
injury ridjTil sil Idm tSn thitdng, vit thitdng
mercury /’ma:kjuri/ thuy ngdn -ulan
regular /’rejula/ diu dan, theo quy tax:
particular /pa’tikjula/ dpc bi$t -ive:
suggestive /sag’djestiv/ gqi nhd liin tildng instintive /ins’tiijtiv/ theo bdn ndng expensive /iks’pensiv/ ■ dot
-cial:
special r spe/al/ adj dac biet •tial:
spatial /l’spei/al/ adj thudc vi khdng gian
-cion:
suspicion /sas’pi/an/ sU nghi ngd •sion:
34
discussion -tion:
nation
prevention - Prevention Phbng b$nh -sion:
invasion
-cious:
precious
-tious:
infectous
•xious:
anxious
/dis’k/an/
r ne/an/
/pri’ven/an/
is better than cure! bxtn chvta benh!
/in’vei/an/
/l’pre/as/ adj
/in’fek/as/
/Tc/as/
cuoc thdo lu&n
QuScgia
sit di phbng
cuoc xdm lang quy bdu
hay Idy
lo lang, nong Ibng mong
•is: Trong danh tif y hoc diagnosis /daiag’nousis/
phep dinh benh
enteritis
tuberculosis
/enta’raitis/
/tjubatkju’lousis/
benh xitng ruot benh lao
35
Bai 5: Tiep dau ngurva tie'p vi nguf
Khong co trpng am
Cac tien to: un-, in-, ... vfi h&u to thudng dtfju:ti/
rbj:tifai/
/Simpl/
r simplifai/
d. adjectives firom nouns or verbs:
n + y
wind /wind/ ! gio
windy 1 Idnggio
n + ly
C08t /kost/ : gia, tiin
costly t6h kern
n + fill
joy /djoi/ i niirri vui joyful i vui ve
n 4- less
leaf /li:f7 i la
leafless i trui la
n + ous
fame /feim/ i danh
famous i noi danh n + ious
space /’spcis/ • khdng gian aspacious /spei/as/ • rdngchS
n +al
nature /’neite/ • thien nhien natural /’net/aral/ i tUnhien
n + ish
child /t/aild/ i tre con
childish i nhittre con n + like
death /de0/ * sif che't
deathlike : nhitchet n + en
43
gold /gould/ udng
golden bang v&ng v + able
read /ri:d/ doc
readable de doc
eat /i:t/ w
an
eatable an ditOc
v + ible
sense /sens/ cam th&y
sensible coy thvtc
comprehend /kompri'hend/ hiiu th&u comprehensible /kompri'hensibl/ di hiiu
Bai 6: Nhumg tien to, hau to co trpng am
Thiidng thtfdng cac tiln to hay hfiu to khdng c6 trong fim, nhvfng doi khi khong nhilng chung lfim thay doi trong am mfi chinh chung cung c6 trong fim.
1. Tien to co trong am theo ba dac tinh: thoi quen, y nghia va quy tac zfic dinh trong am.
a. Th6i quen: NhQng tif thong thtfcfng nhii:
president /’prezidant/ tong thong, chu tich, thong doc ngdn
hdng, hieu tntdng
dai hoc...
presidency /prezidans/ •' chitc vu tong thong preference /’prefrans/ : sit thien vi
reference /’refarans/ : sit tham khao 44
conference /Tconfarans/ : cu6c hoi nghi, hoi hop...
b. ^ nghia: Nbutng prefixes c6 trong am khi bao h&m mpt y nghia riSng:
anti
pro
vice
sym
pre
post
se mi
anti- war demonstration pro- war demonstration pre- war music
post- war reconstruction semi- annual
vice-president
sympathy
chtfng doi, khdng ctf
theo, ung ho
pho..., phu...
cung vdi...
tiin, tritdc
h&u, sau
mdt nvta, bdn...
bieu tinh phdn chien
bieu tinh ung h6 cuoc chien nhac tiin chien
vi§c tai thiei hau chien bdn nien
pho tong thong
sit thdng cam
c. Cac tif da fim tifft c6 tfin cilng b&ng -ate, -ute, -fy, ize, -ise trong fim cach fim ti£t cuoi hai fim tiet, cho nen nhilu khi trong fim lu6n cl tiin to:
to consentrate fkonsantreit/ to aggravate /aggraveit/
tap trung
Idm cho them tram trong
to institute to aggrandize
/’instiju:t/ r asgrandaiz/
thiei lap, bo nhiem
phong dai, tang citcfng
to compromise /’kompremaiz/
thod hiep
45
2. Nhufng tiin to c6 khi co trpng am c6 khi khdng c6. bi
biped rbaiped/ bicycle rbaisikl/ bisect /Tbais’ekt/ circum-circumspect
careful, caution, prudent
circumstances
circumvent /sakam’vent/ mal
dong vdt hai ch&n ngitdi hay chim xe dap
cat ddi
khdn ngoan, cdn th$.n
hodn canh
ngan chan (prevent)
malcontent malefactor
malodorous
in
infamous infidel
infinite
un
unhappy
/’malkantent/ /’maelifakta/
/msl’oudaras/
/’infamas/
/’infidal/
/’infinit/
/AnTiaEpi/ or r Anhspi/
bdt man
ke gia. mqx), btit liMng
hdi, nfrng mui (ill smelling)
doc dc, bi oi
ke vd thdn
vd cung, vd tan khdng hanh phuc
3. Nhufng hau to co trong am -ade, lemonade /lema’neid/
employee /emploi’i:/
profiteer /profi’tia/
46
-ee, -eer, -se, -ette. nitdc chanh
ngitdi Idm cdng ke true lai
Vietnamese /vjana’mi:z/ tiefng Vi$t cigarette /siga’ret/ thuSc la
Bai 7: Am tiet co trpng am
thay doi vi hau to
Nhilng h$u t& sau dfiy thtfcJng l&m cho tit mdi ctfu t^o khdng cdn trpng fim cfing m§t fim tilt vdi tit gdc cua chung. D6 lfi nhilng h$u to sau:
1. -ition, -ation, -cation: 8\t, vide, cu$c...
competition /kampi’ti/an/ cuoc cgnh tranh to compete /kam’pi:t/ canh tranh admiration /admi’rei/an/ sit than phuc to admire /ad’maia/ than ph\LC classification /klaesifiTtei/an/ vi$c phdn loai to classify /Tdasifai/ phdn loai •ity
activity /aek’tiviti/ kha ndng hoot dong
active ic
Faektiv/ (adj) hay hoat dong
economic /ika’nomik/ thuoc v i kinh te economy /ilconami/ kinh te
poetic /’pouetik/ (adj) thudc vi thi si, vi the) poet /pouit/ thi si
al, -ary, -ial
governmental /gavan’ment(a)!/ thuoc vi chinh phu 47
elementary /eli’mentari/ thudc vi c6p wJ dang presidential /prezi’derj/a/ thuoc vi tong thting 5. -ian. Hau to n&y chi nghe nghiep, quoc tich hay thi dan theo tin rieng cua m$t so th&nh pho:
musician /mju’zi / an/ physician /fi’zi/an/ Itahan /i’taelian/ Bostonian /ba’stounian/
nhac si
y si
ngitdi Y, node Y ddn thdnh Boston
- We are between the devil and the deep sea.
Tren de diidi bua.
To err is human, to forgive divine.
Ngitdi pham ai chd sai lam, nhitng ai biei tha thii mdi Id thdn thdnh.
Bai 8: Trong am khdng doi theo tCr loai
R£t nhilu tieng vita 1& danh tit vita 1& tinh tit nhil “jat”; vita 1 k tinh tit vita 1& dong tit nhvf “open”; vita 1& dong tit vita 1£ danh tit nhii “water” w...
Khi chung thay doi tit loai nhu v&y, trong am cl vin nko vln d v&n ffy:
fat (adj)
to narrow: thu h?p
a cover : bia each, vftt
che dfiy
to experience : trai qua
48
fat /ft/ (n)
narrow /’naerou/ adj: hep to cover D/lavb/: che phu
experience /ik’spirians/: kinh nghi$m
to finish /fini//: l&m xong, kit thuc flavor /’fleiva/: hildng vi
a garden/7 ga:dan/: cai vUdn
glimmer/’glima/: anh sang md hammer/’haema/: cai bua
label/’leibl/: nhan hi$u
lavish/Taevi// adj: hoang phi
manifest /’maenifest/ adj: ro r&ng open/’oupan/ adj: md, bo ngo
practice /’praektis/: sU thtfc h&nh profit /’profit/: 1$ fch
quarrel /’kwo:ral/: sU cai nhau to regret /ri’gret/:hoi tiec
to reply/ri’plai/: tra ldi
to report/ripo:t/: tvfdng trinh
a stencila /’stensl/: gi&y stencil
a struggle/’strAgl/: cuoc chien dlCu treasure/’treja /: bau vfit
water/w’o:t a/: nvfdc
Nhan x6t: Da so nhilng tif c6 hai am vi v&n sau no doc nh$ hdn.
finish : sU chffm dCtt to flavor : cho hufdng vi v&o
to garden: \km vildn to glimmer: sang lcf md to hammer: lSy bua d6ng
to label: dan nhan hif u to lavish: tieu hoang phi
to manifest: minh giai to open: mcl ra
to practice : thUc h&nh to profit: lu sach a shopkeeper /7pki:pa/ : chutiem
a taxcollector /’taekalekta/ : ngitdi thu thue
2. Trong am d tif sau neu tit tnfdc chi vat lieu che tao ra tif sau:
a paper bag /peipa'baeg/ : tuibanggidy a brick house /brikTiaus/ : nhd gach
3. Nhufng danh tif k6p vdi tif co tan cung “-mg” thi: a. Trong am b tif c6 tfin cung b&ng “ing” neu n6 1& gerund: > a dining-room /’dainir]ru:m/ : phbng an dining-car /’daininko:/ : toaxehdngan a sleeping-car /sTi:pirjko:/ : toa giit&ng nam
b. Trong fim cl ca danh tif vfi tif tfin cung b&ng “ing” khi tit nfiy 1& present participle dung l&m adjectives (participial adjectives):
53
a dining man a sleeping baby a boiling pot runing water
/’dainingmaen/ /,8li:pir)beibi/ rboilirjpot/ /rAnirj’wota/
mot ngitdi dang an em be dang ngu cai n6i dang sdi
nitdc may, mtdc dang chdy
Bai 11: Trong am vdi dong tirkd p
D