🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook Bài Giảng Môn Học Tiếng Anh Chuyên Ngành Xây Dựng Ebooks Nhóm Zalo BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ XÂY DỰNG BÀI GIẢNG MÔN HỌC TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH XÂY DỰNG Dùng cho hệ Cao đẳng chuyên nghiệp (Lưu hành nội bộ) Người biên soạn: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương Hà Trang Nhung Người phản biện: Phạm Thị Hương Uông Bí, năm 2011 Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 1 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CONTENTS UNIT 1: TOOLS AND TRADESMEN ON A BUILDING SITE PAGE 3 UNIT 2: THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING PAGE 5 UNIT 3: FOUNDATION, WALLS AND COLUMNS PAGE 8 UNIT 4: ROOFS PAGE 11 UNIT 5: BUILDING ECONOMICS PAGE 14 UNIT 6: CONSTRUCTION PAGE 20 2 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com FOREWORDS The following collection of texts is collected from various textbooks. The texts are shortened, simplified and adapted to fit the skill level and interests of the learners in addition to meet the demand of the society. The collection, with 6 units, provides the learners with the technical terms in building with the hope that they can read, understand, and translate simple technical textbooks, and magazines in English. As a result, learner can communicate with their partners in the future jobs. This collection is for students at the technical college of construction The author is always available to welcome any of your feedback, suggestions, corrections or comment. By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương Hà Trang Nhung 3 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 1: TOOLS AND TRADESMEN ON A BUILDING SITE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 1. Match tradesmen and trades on a building site: Tradesmen Trades 1. foreman a. excavate ground 2. laborers b. erect steel work 3. machine driver c. supervise 4. steel erectors d. install-pipe work and sanitary fittings 5. bricklayers e. do manual work 6. plumbers f. fix floor joints, roof timbers, doors, windows, etc 7. joiners g. install heating equipment 8. carpenters h. build brickwork 9. roofing contractor i. manufacture doors, windows, screens, etc. 10. cladding fixers j. decorate building 11. heating contractor k. put in glazing 12. electricians l. fix cladding 13. glaziers m. lay roof covering 14. decorators n. install electric equipment 2. Work in pairs to complete the table with the correct tools or combination of tools for the jobs: Tradesmen Jobs Tools 1. carpenter drill holes in wood 2. bricklayer mix mortar 3. plasterer smooth the plaster on a wall 4. carpenter cut wood 5. plumber cut metal pipe 6. electrician cut electric cable 7. carpenter make mortise and tendons joint 8. plumber smooth metal surfaces 9. electrician remove the outer sheathing of wire 10. carpenter turn screws 11. decorator paint surfaces 12. plumber tighten nut 13. electrician twist strands of wire together 4 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 14. carpenter smooth wood surfaces 15. bricklayer lay mortar on bricks 16. carpenter remove nails 3. Make sentences: Example: a. Carpenter uses brace and bit to drill holes in wood b. Brace and bit are tools for drilling holes in wood 4. Use the passive voice and the table in II, write 5 sentences as example: a. Bricks are cut by bricklayers b. Nails are removed with pincers 5. Make and answer the conversation using the questions as followed: a. What do carpenters use brace and bits for? b. What do carpenters use the drill holes in wood? c. What does carpenters do? d. What are brace and bits used for? 5 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 2 THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING sA building is made up of various types of structural elements such as beams, girders, trusses, columns, walls, frames, roofs, etc. They can be used independently or in combination to establish a structural system. Columns and beams may be constructed of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. Cast iron was widely used at once time for columns, and for short beams such as lintels, but steel and reinforced concrete has largely replaced it. Nowadays, wrought iron has been entirely replaced by steel. Reinforced concrete beams and columns may be poured in a place to form a rigid frame. In industrial buildings, they are usually prefabricated in a factory or in a casting yard. Truss is a member consisting of a group of triangles, arranged in a single plane. long span trusses are usually constructed of steel. others are constructed of wood or reinforced concrete. Most trusses are pre-cast units. Rigid frames are constructed of wood, reinforced concrete and steel. Floors are usually constructed of wood, reinforced concrete. Concrete beams, grinders, and floor slabs may be poured in place. occasionally, they are pre-cast units. The walls of a dwelling house are usually constructed of bricks, or stones. In multi-storey buildings, they are constructed of wall panels. A building may be classified on the basic of the function of the walls. If the walls carry the loads, in addition to keeping out the weather, the building is classified as wall bearing construction. But if the loads including the weight of the wall are carried by the structural frame, the building is classified as skeleton structure. In this case, the walls are to keep out the weather; so they are called curtain walls. The roof of a dwelling house is usually a gable roof, consisting of king post trusses, purpling, rafters which are covered with tiles. In most buildings, the roof is a reinforced concrete flat roof, which is poured in place. Pre-cast roof slabs may be used particularly in industrial buildings SKILL DEVELOPMENT 1. Answer the following questions: What are the structural elements of building? What may columns and beams are constructed of? 6 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com Where may pre-cast units be prefabricated? What are the walls of a dwelling house usually constructed of? What does a bearing wall do? What does a curtain wall do? Which units may be pre-cast? 2. Combine sentences: Brenda is an engineer. I went on holiday with her. (who) This is Mr. Smith. His son Bill works as a plumber. (whose) Gerry works for a company. The company produces cement. (which) That is a village. I was born there (where) 3. look at the picture and name the elements numbered: 7 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com Floor- pavement- foundation- pile- gutter- down pipe- foundation- steps-wall window- balcony- drainage ditch- door-lintel- drip mould- roof- wall strut- stairs 8 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 3 FOUNDATION, WALLS AND COLUMNS Footing (or foundation) is a sub-structure, which is placed below the surface of the ground to transmit the loads to the underlying soil or rock. Its function is to spread the building loads over a sufficient soil area to secure adequate bearing capacity. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations are usually embedded a few feet into soil to transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil of bed rock. Deep foundations are used to transfer a load from a structure through an upper week layer of soil to a stronger deeper layer of soil. Foundation plays an important part in a building so the designing and construction should follow the requirements below: first, the foundation must be strong, lasting and stable. Second, the settlement of the foundation must have rupture resistance. There are many types of foundation such as raft foundation, isolated foundation, pile foundation, continuous foundation, strip foundation, column foundation, ect. Walls and columns are two vertical members of a building. Walls occupy a great amount of materials in a building. They can enclose, divide, and protect and area. Generally, walls are subject to compressive force. They sometimes support the transverse force by wind or storm. According to the load bearing ability, walls are divided into two types: load bearing walls and curtain walls. Bearing walls are capable of supporting an imposed load, as from a floor or roof of a building. They are often constructed of stones or bricks. Depending on the type of building and the number of stories, load-bearing walls are gauged to the appropriate thickness to carry the weight above it. Without doing so, it is possible that an outer wall could become unstable if the load exceeds the strength of the material used, potentially leading to the collapse of the structure. The walls that do not support any other loads than their own weight are non-bearing walls or curtain walls. Curtain walls can keep out the weather and let in light. They can be made of lightweight materials such as glass, aluminum, or plastic. Column is a structural member that is subject to axial compressive loads. Also, column may be subject to additional bending because of eccentric loads, wind loads, and earthquake shocks. A column in architecture and structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. other compression member are often termed columns because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. 9 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com Column can be constructed of timber, stones, bricks, steel, or reinforced concrete. Stone or timber columns are frequently used for ornamental purpose. SKILL DEVELOPMENT: 1. Answer the questions: a. Name some kind of foundation b. What is the common thing between walls and columns? c. list the functions of load bearing walls and curtain walls. d. Name the forces that a column is subject to. e.What may occur to the structure if the load exceeds the strength of the material used? 2. Fill in the gap a. A lowest element of a building is footing or…………….. b. Glass, aluminum, or plastic are used for……………walls. c. other compression members are often called columns because of the similar………….. d. load bearing walls must be made of……………or………………….. e. Columns are frequently used to………………..beam or arches. f.Foundation are generally divided into two categories:………..foundations and…………foundation. g.……………..foundations are usually embedded a few feet into soil to transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock. h.…………………..foundations are used to transfer a load from a structure though an upper weak layer of soil to a stronger deeper layer of soil. 3. Translate the following sentences into English (using –ing and -ed clause) a. Có hai người kỹ sư đang nói chuyện với nhau trên công trường b. Gạch làm bằng đất sét gọi là gạch sét nung c. Tường để cách âm gọi là tường rỗng 10 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com d. Phần thấp nhất trong nhà thường được gọi là móng e. Phần cao nhất trong ngôi nhà là mái f. Cột nhà có thể được làm từ bê tông cốt thép, gố hoặc gạch 11 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 4 ROOFS Roof is a structure which is placed at the top of a building to protect it against the weather. The roof is the top covering ß a building to shed all of the building and to prevent it from accumulating on top. To achieve this goal, roofs may be highly pitched (slopped) or to low slopped in form. Low slopped roofs are commonly found on industrial/ commercial type structures. Pitched roofs are primary design found on residential homes. The weather proofing material is the topmost or outermost layer, exposed to the weather. Many different kinds of materials have been used as weather proofing material; slate, ceramic tile, cement, metal, asphalt shingle, asbestos, etc. A flat roof is a type of covering of a building. In contrast to the slopped form of a roof, a flat is a horizontal. Materials that cover flat roofs should allow the weather to run off freely from a very slight inclination. Traditionally flat roofs would use a tar and gravel based surface. Modern flat roofs tend to use a continuous membrane covering which can better resist pools of standing water. A lean – to can be a free standing structure of tree and a slopping roof. The open side is sheltered away from the prevailing winds and rains. often a rough structure made of logs or unfinished wood and used as a camping, with three walls and a slopping roof. A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the lines of a slopping roof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system being used and aesthetic concerns. A gable roof is a roof slopping downwards into two parts from a central ridge, so as form a gable at each end SKILL DEVELOPMENT 1. Say if following sentences are true or false ( T/ F) a. a roof is placed at the highest part of a building b. a roof is used to keep water on the top of a building c. Pitched roofs are often found on industrial/ commercial type structure d. Flat roofs may have a slop of 50% e. A roof must be impervious to the drainage of water f. Slate, ceramic tile, cement, metal, asphalt shingle, asbestos, metal roofing, etc are weather proofing materials g. A flat roof is a type of covering Answer: a…………..b…………..c…………..d………….. e…………..f…………..g………….. 2. Match types of roof with its description 12 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 1 Dutch gable a Is a roof slopping downwards into two parts from a central ridge, so as to form a gable at each end 2 A hip roof b Is a common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. they do not have to be perfectly spherical in cross- section, however, it may be a section through an ellipse. It can be considered as an arch which has been rotated around its vertical axis 3 A dome c Is a gable, normally acting not only as a roof support but as an ornamental pediment to a wing or other architectural feature. Curved, stepped, or often both the Dutch gable was a notable feature of the Renaissance architecture which spread to northern Europe during the latter part of the 16th century. 4 A gambrel d Have one or more slopes 5 A mansard or mansard roof e Has no slope, or one with only a slight pitch so as to drain water 6 Pitched roof f Is a type of roofs where all sides slope downwards to the walls, usually with a fairly gentle slope. thus, it is a house with no gables or other vertical sides to the roof. the square one is shaped like a pyramid the ones on rectangular houses will have two triangular sides and two trapezoidal ones. those roofs often have dormers 7 Flat roof g In architecture refers to a style of hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its four sides with the lower slope being much steeper, almost a vertical wall, while the upper slope, usually, not visible from the ground, is pitched at the minimum needed to shed water. This form makes maximum use of the interior space of the attic and is considered a practical form for adding a story to an existing building 8 A gable roof h Is a usually symmetrical two- sided roof with two slopes on each side. The upper slope is positioned at a shallow angle while 13 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com the lower slope is quite steel. This design provides the advantages of a sloped roof while maximizing head space on the building’ upper level 3.Circle the best answer a. A roof must be…………………….. A. impervious to the drainage of water B. heating insulating C. strong enough to protect the building against the weather D. all of the properties b. Tiles, straw, cardboard, zinc, slate, ceramic tile, cement, metal, asphalt shingle, asbestos are:………………. A. kinds of materials used for roof covering B. types of roofs C. slope levels of roofs D. ways of constructing roofs c. A roof is placed…………………….of a building A. at the roof B. at the lowest part C. at the highest part D. under the wall d. A square…………..is shaped like a pyramid A. hip roof B. Dutch gable roof C. mansard roof D. gamble roof 14 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 5 BUILDING ECONOMICS Economics is the study of how to satisfy unlimited wants with limited resources. It is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Construction economics concerns a range of issues encountered in the construction process. On the microeconomic level, it concerns the behavior of individual economic agents- clients, contractors, architects, engineers, surveyors – at various stages of development of a constructed facility. On the meso economic level, it concerns the interaction between the construction sector and all the other sectors comprising the national economy. On the macroeconomic level, it concerns broad economic aggregates such as construction output, employment, and construction cycles, as well as the role of construction activity at different stages of economic development. Study of factors affecting cost of building include the building market construction cost, estimate and cost control, time value of money and building life- cycle cost, measuring the worth of investment, depreciation and tax consideration of cash- flows Current work in Building Economics has seen as dominated by cost and time prediction in construction projects, along with macroeconomic applications. The development of information and telecommunications technologies as well as deregulation in many countries are identified as two forces of charge that jointly explain recent vertical disintegration and horizontal integration in construction- related industries Give the charges in both industry and theory, there are four topics that should be given more attention in the years to come. These are access to and use of quantitative data, signaling in real estate markets, incentives for growth, and finally, education and competence Analysis of prices is otherwise in the domain of real estate economists; many building economists would probably enjoy analyzing prices in relation to costs, and it is anything but a new idea that analysis of property prices should be able to provide guidance for the choice of building designs Signaling deals with overcoming adverse effects of asymmetric information in markets. Whoever has built a facility is likely to know more about its hidden faults and technical characteristics than the typical buyer in real estate market. Those who design and construct high- quantity buildings may follow three strategies. One strategy is passive, continuing to provide good quality and hoping that there will be future although uncertain rewards from a good reputation. The second strategy is to provide easily digested information in a standardized form that would influence the price paid now for the facility. The third strategy is to acknowledge that real estate funds and similar investors are 15 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com more occupied with the analysis of taxation and incentives for fund managers than with the technical quality of built facilities. There is a widespread insight that specialized knowledge is associated with growth of firms. Education and competence; stronger incentives for innovation and growth in construction and construction- related firms should be matched with policies that ensure that there are specialized and skilled people available. Reluctance to engage specialists, whether these are highly educated engineers or craftsmen, can be explained by a vulnerability to local variations in demand for specialized competence. With better information and telecommunications technologies, also accompanied by horizontal integration of both small and big firms, the demand for better and more specialized education can be expected to rise SKILL DEVELOPMENT 1. Answer the following questions a. What’s economics b. What does economics studies? c. how many levels does construction economics concern? d. What factors affect cost of building? e. Are costs and time estimations in construction projects important? f. What is able to provide guidance for the choice of building designs? g. What strategies are concerned in designing and constructing high- quality building? 2. Match a term with its concerns: Micro-economics Inter-industry analysis of construction activity Meso- economics the role of construction in economic development Macro-economics Institutions, economic agents, and markets in construction 3. Say if the following sentences are true or false 16 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com a. Macro-economics examines the economic behavior of individual units ( including businesses and households) and their interactions through individual markets, given scarcity and government regulation …………………………… b. Macro- economics examines an economy as a whole “ top down ” with a view to understanding interactions between the broadest aggregates such as national income and output, employment and inflation and broad aggregates like total consumption and investment spending and their components. …………………………… c. economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services …………………………… d. Micro-economics, meso-economics, macro-economics are all concerned in construction economics …………………………… e. Cost and time predictions in construction projects dominate current work in Building Economics …………………………… f. Building market doesn’t affect the cost of building …………………………… g. two forces of charge that jointly explain resent vertical disintegration and horizontal integration in construction- related industries are the development of information and telecommunications technologies as well as deregulation in many countries …………………………… h. Real estate economists don’t pay much attention on the analysis of prices …………………………… i. It isn’t necessary to know more about its hidden faults and technical characteristics than the typical buyer in the real estate market …………………………… j. Incentives for growth is one of the five topics that should be given more attention in the years to come …………………………… k. Education and competence is expected to increase more and more to meet the demand in construction sector as well as in the society …………………………… l. Building market, construction cost, estimates and cost control, time value of money and building life- cycle cost, measuring the worth of investments, depreciation and tax consideration of cash- flows have influence on the cost of building …………………………… 17 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 2. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word from the box in each space. ( principles the at anything what for issues both training how) Economics is…………………( 1) study of how individuals and nations make choices about how to use scarce resources to fill their needs and wants. A resource is …………………( 2)that people can use to make or obtain …………………( 3) they need or want. You may be asking yourself…………………( 4) this point how economics will help you, a student. Also, you may be wondering how scarce resource is a problem…………………( 5) a nation like the United State that has such abundant resources. It may surprise you to know that many of the decisions you will face as a citizen deal with …………………( 6) the United States should use its resources. Learning economic…………………( 7) can help you make decisions about candidate for political office, political and social…………………( 8) , and the goals the United States should set for itself , such as how to spend government revenues. Many people are familiar with the benefits of government programs such as job…………………( 9) and Medicare, but how many people are aware of the costs of these programs? Economics can help you to understand…………………( 10) costs and benefits and, therefore, help you to make better decisions 3. Read and translate, and answer the questions from the text Nature and importance of price The price paid for goods and services goes by many names. You pay tuition for your education, rent for an apartment, interest on a bank credit card, and a premium for car insurance. Your dentist charge you a fee, a professional or social organization charge dues and transportation companies charge a fare. In business a consultant may require a retainer for services rendered, an executive is given a salary, a sale person receives a commission, and a worker is paid a wage. Of course, what you pay for clothes or haircut is termed a price. What’s a price? These examples highlight the many varied ways that price plays a part in our daily lives. From marketing viewpoint, price is the money or other considerations ( including other goods and services) exchanged for the ownership or use of a good or service. * Translate the text 18 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com * Question: a. Is tuition a price? Why? Or Why not? b. In your opinion, is something you exchanged for other thing called price? c. What is a price? d. do you agree, for all products and services, money is exchanged? e. Do prices play an important part in our lives? Why? 4. Use each word only once. (willing market quarter because three quality on relate goal pricing) Three different objectives………..( 1) to a firm’s profit, usually measured in terms of return on investment ( ROi) or return …………..( 2) assets. One objectives is managing for long run profits, which is followed by many Japanese firms that are …………….( 3) to forgo immediately profit in cars, TV sets, or computers to develop……………..( 4) products that can penetrate competitive……………..( 5) in the future. a maximizing current profit objective, such as during this………….( 6) or year, is common in many firms …………( 7) the targets can be set and performance measured quickly. American firms are sometimes criticized for this short- run orientation. A target return objective involves a firm like Du Pont or Exxon setting a ……………( 8) ( such as 20 %) for pretax ROI. These ………..( 9) profit objectives have different implications for a firm’s……….. ( 10) objectives. 5. Change these sentences into active voice: a. Price is often used to indicate value b. You are required to put down a deposit of $70 c. Money is exchanged for most products and services 19 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com d. The practice of exchange goods and services for other goods and services rather than for money is called barter 6. Change these sentences into passive voice e. We can solve this problem f. People should send their complaint to the head-office g. They have changed the date of the meeting h. The government will influence the economic situation through its fiscal and budgetary policies i. In planned economies governments fix production and consumption quotas beforehand 20 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 6 CONSTRUCTION In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure on a sit or sites. Normally the job is managed by the construction manager, supervised by the project manager, design engineer or project architect. While these people work in offices, every construction project requires a large number of laborers, carpenters and other skilled tradesmen to complete the physical tasks of construction. For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure must consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, site safety, availability of materials, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays, preparing tender documents, etc. In general, there are three types of construction: building , heavy/ highway, and industrial. In construction, the authority having jurisdiction ( AhJ ) is the government agency or sub- agency which regulates the construction process. In most cases, this is the municipality in which the building is located graduate roles in the construction industry are filled by people with at least a foundation degree in subjects such as civil engineering, building and construction management. Graduates often receive qualifications and specialized positions. There are different types of qualifications and training programs for the construction industry such as; Apprenticeships, Construction Awards, National Certificate& National Diplomas, Foundation Degree & Degrees, Professional Qualifications, Full time & Part Time Sandwich Study. In many countries, public agencies must adhere to many legal requirements that require the project to undergo a public bid process so that all constructors should have an equal opportunity to do construction for the public, and not those constructors who can influence monetarily (bribe) public officials for contract award. In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of paper or computer based designs into reality. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications, usually prepared by a design team including architects, designers, surveyors, civil engineers, cost engineers ( or quantity surveyors), mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, structural engineers. The design team is most commonly employed by ( i.e. in contract with) the property owner. Following evaluation of birds, the owner will typically award a contract to the lowest responsible bidder. Presently, a firm that is normally an “architecture” or “ construction management” firm may have experts from all related fields as employees or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as “one- stop shopping” for a construction project, from beginning to end 21 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com Financial planning for the project is intended to ensure that a solid plan, with adequate safeguards and contingency plans, is in place before the project is started, and is required to ensure that the plan is properly executed over the life of the project A construction project must fit into the legal framework governing the property. These include governmental regulations on the use of property, and obligations that are created in the process of construction. Design, finance, and legal aspects overlap and interrelate. The design must be not only structurally sound and appropriate for the use and location, but must also accommodate the need for building the design provided, and must pay amounts that are legally owned. The legal structure must integrate the design into the surrounding legal framework, and enforces the financial consequences of the construction process SKILL DEVELOPMENT 1. Match the each types of construction with its description heavy/ highway construction The process of adding structure to real property. The vast majority of its projects are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project. However, all these projects include some elements in common- design, financial and legal considerations. This include residential construction Industrial construction The process of adding infrastructure to our built environment. Owners of these projects are usually government agencies, either at the national or local level. It also has design, financial, and legal Considerations, however these projects aren’t usually undertaken for – profit, but to service the public interest. However, those projects are also undertaken by large private corporations, including, among others, the golf courses, harbors, power companies, railroads, general site grading, and massive earthwork projects. The owner will assemble a team to create an overall plan to ensure that the goals of the project are met Building construction a very important component in construction industry. Owners of these projects are usually large, for- profit, industrial corporations. these corporations can be found in such industries as medicine, petroleum, chemical, power generation, manufacturing, etc. Processes in these industries require highly specialized expertise in planning, design, and construction. this type of construction requires a team of individuals to ensure a successful project 22 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 2. Fill each gap with one suitable word or phrase a. Construction is the ………………… or assembly of any infrastructure on a site or sites. b. The building is supervised by the …………….. c. Laborers, carpenters, and other skilled tradesmen to complete the…………….tasks of construction. d. There are three types of construction: building, heavy/ highway, and……………….. e. The authority having jurisdiction (AhJ) regulates the……………….……… process. f. The design team usually prepares a design consisting of drawings and ……………… 3. Answer the following questions: a. Name the jobs related to construction. b. What makes the successful execution of a project? c. Why must public agencies adhere to many legal requirements that require the project to undergo a public bid process? d. What does a design usually consist of ? f. Do design, finance, and legal aspects have a close relationship in construction? g. Is financial planning for the project important? 4. Translate the following sentences into english. Hoạt động xây dựng bao gồm lập quy hoạch xây dựng, lập dự án đầu tư xây dựng công trình, khảo xây dựng, thiết kế công trình, thi công xây dựng công trình, giám sát thi công xây dựng công trình, quản lý dự án đầu tư xây dựng công trình, lựa chọn nhà thầu trong hoạt động xây dựng và các hoạt động khác có liên quan đến xây dựng công trình. 23 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 5. Choose the best answer: 1. Fred came to the meeting but Frank……………….. a. isn’t b. hasn’t c. didn’t d. wasn’t 2. Our flat is very small. We wish we……………another bedroom. a. had b. have c. have had d. will have 3. “ I wish you……….. We hope to put these things away” he said. a. will help b. help c. are helping d. would help 4. You’ve heard she isn’t coming to the party,………….? a. is she b.haven’t you c. aren’t you d. hasn’t she 5. I……………Jim for a long time a. know b. knew c. have known d. had known 6. You have tea for breakfast………….you? a. haven’t b. don’t c. won’t d. have 7. I’m sure the answer to my letter…………by next Friday morning a. will come b. has come c. is coming d. was coming 8. She can never keep still while her photograph is…………. a. being taken b. taking c. being taking d. took 9. ………..your house painted last year? a. did b. was c. had d. have 10. When I was a boy, I………….tea to coffee. a. preferred b. was c. had d. have 11. “ Your friend speaks english very well, doesn’t she?” “ Yes, she………………English since she was a little girl” a. has been speaking b. spoken c. used to speak d. has to speak 12. That baby………………non-stop for the past hour a. cried b. was crying c, is crying d. has been crying 13. She came into the room while they ……………TV a. have watches b. watched c. were watching d. have been watching 14. …………..if I take the map 24 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com a. I’ll get lost b. I’ll not get lost c. I would get lost d. I wouldn’t get lost. 15. “ Your picture are beautiful” . “ We………….more if we hadn’t run out of film” a. would take b. had taken c. will have taken d. would have taken 16. I am right,……………? a. am not b. aren’t c. am I d. isn’t it 17. Have you ………………” Congratulations” to ann? She has won a scholarship to study abroad. a. said b. told c. spoken d. made 18. Mr. Orson……………..decided to call a meeting of the club tomorrow. a. has b. will be c. had been d. is being 19. I wish our teacher…………..our problems a little better a. understand b. understands c. understood d. will understand 20. We fell over some pieces of wood …………lying around a. leave b. leaves c. leaving d. left 21. London is ……………..as capital of great Britain a. knows b. know c. known d. knew 22. The man……………..we met on the train was the headmaster. a. who b. whom c. which d, whose 23. Listen to what I’m saying,………………? a. don’t you b. will you c. do you d. are you 24. Someone is knocking …………….the door. a. in b. at c. over d. out 25………………….she plays the piano! a. How well b. How good c. What good d. How 26. This orange tastes…………………….. a. sweetly b. sweety c. sweet d. sweat 27. I have got a headmaster………………yesterday a. since b. for c. until d. ever 28. His friend……………..he would be back in an hour a. spoke b. told c. said d. announced 29. He took the wrong book……………….mistake a. by b. of c. with d. on 30. Our roof is leaking; we must get it……………… a. fix b. fixed c. fixing d. fixer 6. Rewrite the sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same a. I like swimming best of all sports My favorite ………………………………………………………………… b. The teacher asked Tom whether he had any hobbies. do…………………………………………………………………………..? c. “ i like tennis, swimming and football” Tom replied Tom said that……………………………………………………………….. 25 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com d. He as also been collecting stamps for five years He also started……………………………………………………………… e. He had over 3000 stamps in his collection There………………………………………………………………………… f. refreshment are sold in the intervals You…………………………………………………………………………… g. There is a choice of more than thirty theatres in London You…………………………………………………………………………… h. He spends two hours a week sorting out stamps. Sorting out his stamps……………………………………………………… i. “ The Times ” was first painted two hundred years ago It is…………………………………………………………………………… k. more newspapers are sold during elections People………………………………………………………………………… l. Popular newspapers are cheaper than serious ones. serious newspapers are………………………………………………………. n. Some newspapers have more pictures than texts There are…………………………………………………………………….. m. Some newspapers are more informative than others Some newspapers aren’t…………………………………………………….. o. The owners of newspapers are usually very rich The people……………………………………………………………………. p. I had never seen a more beautiful building It was…………………………………………………………………………. 7. Complete the following sentences with the most suitable words. 1. a bad workman always blames………………….tool 2. You can stay here as long as you want………………. 3. She will miss the three o’clock train ……………she leaves here before two o’clock. 4. do you think we would speak better……………we studied phonetics? 5. if Jane is……………..busy to go with you, take me instead. 6. He has……………….much money that he doesn’t care to find a job. 7. I don’t know…………….to call him, mister or Doctor. 8. The sum is very easy………….a child can do it 9. If I had today…………..I would go to the seaside 10.she has been a widow…………….the last two years 11.Can you come …………….monday instead of friday next week? 12. Nobody has ever spoken to me……………that before 13.the story he wrote was based…………….his actual experience 14.Practice……………you preach 15.our visit to Japan was put off……………..to my wife’s illness. 16. this flat is…………….small for six people to live in 17.my neighbor is always borrowing money, but he lives………..a king 26 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com 18.this drink is made…………….fresh fruit and sugar 19. Quiet, please! the headmaster would like to………………a few words 20.……………… patience, and you will succeed 21.this book isn’t quite………………old as that one 22.would you mind turning the light…….? it’s getting dark in here 23.i don’t like this magazine, and………………does my sister 24.fred cooks ……………..better than his wife does 25.Janet is in bed…………….to a severe attack of the flu 26.the ten thieves shared the money they had stolen…………….themselves 27.many people find……………….difficult to give up smoking 28.they had to put the football match…………… because of the flood 29. we had hardly reached the front gate…………..a taxi- appeared 30.having planned his holiday…………..advance, he was very disappointed. 27 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com NEW WORDS UNIT 1 bricklayer (n) thợ nề bolster ( n) bay bả vữa brace and bit (n) khoan tay brush ( n) bàn chải chổi sơn cable shears (n) kéo cắt cáp combination pliers( n) cái kìm đa năng decorator (n) thợ trang trí drill (n) khoan electrician ( n) thợ điện electric equipment ( n) thiết bị điện excavate (v) đào erect (v) kỹ thuật ghép, lắp ráp float (n) bàn xoa foreman (n) quản đốc, đốc công floor joints (n) dầm, xà fix (v) lắp, để, đặt glazier (n) thợ lắp kính, hacksaw (n) cái cưa kim loại heating contractor (n) nhà thâu nhiệt install (v) lắp đặt joiner (n) thợ mộc lắp ráp laborer (n) lao động phổ thông lay ( roof convering)(v) lợp mái lay ( brick) (v) xây lay ( foundation)(v) đổ móng lump hammer (n) búa gỗ manufacture (v) chế tạo sản xuất machine driver (n) người lái xe metal(n) kim loại mix (v) trộn, pha mortise and tenon joint (n)liên kết mộng motar (n) vữa, hồ mallet and chisel (n) búa và đục pincer (n) cái kìm dùng để nhổ đinh plane (v) bào phẳng pipe (n) ống dẫn khí dầu plumber (n) thợ ống nước remove (v) lấy ra, đưa ra roofing contractor (n) nhà thầu mái sanitary fitting (n) thiết bị vệ sinh screw (n) đinh vít, ốc 28 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com smooth (n) nhẵn supervise (v) giám sát, quản lý strand of wire (n) sợi dây steel erector (n) thợ sắt screwdriver(n) cái tuốc nơ vít shovel (n) cái xẻng spanner (n) cái cờ lê trowel (n) cái bay vice and file (n) bàn kẹp ê tô và dũa wire stripper (n) kìm tuốt dây 29 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 2 at once time đã có thời be made up of được cấu tạo từ be used được sử dụng be carried được đỡ be covered được che phủ be constructed được xây bằng be classified được phân loại be poured ( in a place) được đổ tại chỗ be prefabricated được đúc sẵn carry thực hiện cast iron gang casting yard bãi đúc combination kết hợp consist of = include bao gồm, gồm có down pipe ống máng nước drainage ditch lỗ thoát nước dripstone mái hắt dwelling house nhà ở entirely hoàn toàn establish = form tạo thành, kết hợp foundation pile cọc móng, trụ móng function chức năng floor slab bản sàn gable đầu hồi gable roof hai mái, mái có đầu hồi girder dầm chính gutter máng nước in addition to thêm vào, hơn nữa independently độc lập king-post truss dàn tam giác đơn giản long-span truss dàn nhịp dài, largely ở mức độ lớn lintel lanh tô multi- storey building toà nhà nhiều tầng particularly một cách đặc biệt pavement hành lang plane mặt bằng, mặt phẳng pre-cast unit cấu kiện đúc sẵn purlin xà mái dọc, xà gỗ rafter xà mái ngiêng, thanh kèo reinforced concrete bê tông cốt sắt rigid frame khung cứng 30 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com replace thay thế structural frame cấu kiện structural system kết cấu khung structural element cấu kiện truss giàn, vì kèo triangle hình tam giác type kiểu loại, người vật various khác nhau, thuộc nhiều loại wall strut giằng tường wall bearing construction kết cấu tường chịu lực wall panel tường panel wrought iron sắt rèn widely rộng rãi 31 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 3 a great amount of một số lượng lớn của cái gì adequate đủ thích hợp aluminium nhôm arch hình cung, vòm, nhịp cuốn appropriate thích hợp, thích đáng additional bending lực uốn, phụ gia axial compressive load tải trọng nén đúng tâm be placed được đặt bedrock đa gốc, đá nền below ở vị trí hoặc nơi thấp hơn building loads tải trọng nhà bearing capability khả năng chịu lực column foundation móng cột continous foundation móng liên tục curtain wall tường chịu compressive force lực nén constructing xây dựng, thi công deep sâu divide chia, phân ra dry stone wall tường bằng đá khan không có vữa designing sự phác hoạ, sự thiết kế design thiết kế embed ấn vào, đóng vào, gắn vào exceed vượt quá enclose dựng tường rào xung quanh earthquake động đất eccentric load tải trọng lệch tâm foundation = footing nền móng gauged được định cỡ generally nói chung, thường thường ground mặt đất, đất isolated foundation móng rời imposed load tải trọng áp đặt lasting lâu dài, trường cửu lightweight nhẹ cân material nguyên liệu ornamental purpose mục đích trang trí occupy chiếm đóng, chiếm lĩnh play an important part đóng một vai trò quan trọng potentially tiềm năng, tiềm tàng rupture sự gẫy vỡ, sự đứt resist kháng cự, chống lại 32 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com rock đá, khối, hòn đá secure bảo đảm shallow nông cạn soil đất trồng spread trải ra phân phối stable ổn định strength sức bền, độ bền stress conditions điều kiện ứng xuất strong bền vững, chắc chắn settlement sự lún xuống strip foundation móng băng substructure kết cấu bên dưới be subject to chịu tác động của support chịu chống đỡ transmit truyền transverse force lực ngang uniform đều vertical member điều kiện thẳng đứng 33 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 4 asphalt shingle ván lợp, ván ốp atphan achieve đạt được away from xa, xa cách, rời xa availability sự có thể đạt được attic gác mái, tầng mái cement xi măng ceramic tile gạch gốm commercial thuộc về thương mại cross-section mặt cắt ngang curved cong dome vòm, mái vòm dormer cửa sổ ở mái nhà dutch gable roof mái hồi kiểu Hà Lan goal mục đích expose phơi bày ra, phô ra gamble roof mái 2 mảng, mái có tường hồi nhỏ ở gần nóc 1 đầu, phần mái dưới là hồi nghiêng gravel sỏi hip roof mái có mái hồi horizontal ngang, nằm ngang industrial thuộc công nghiệp inclination dốc, độ nghiêng lean –to nhà hoặc lán nhỏ có mái dựa vào tường hoặc hàng rào một ngôi nhà lớn hơn, nhà mái, mái che log khúc gỗ mới đốn hạ mansard= mansard roof mái măng xác ( có 2 độ dốc tại cả 4 mặt) make use of tận dụng membrane màng mỏng outer most phía ngoài cùng pediment trán tường pitched= sloped dốc xuống pool vũng nước prevent ngăn cản, ngăn chặn prevailing thường thổi trong 1 khu vực primary chủ yếu, đầu tiên proofing chống lại được pyramid roof mái hình tháp rectangular có hình chữ nhật renaissance thời kỳ phục hưng resemble giống, với, tương tự với ridge nóc nhà sphere hình cầu 34 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com spherical thuộc hình cầu run off chảy đi shed mái nhà 1 tầng dùng để chứa đồ, nơi ở cho gia súc, chỗ để xe cộ hoặc làm nhà, xưởng,lán shelter lầu, chòi sheltered được che, được bảo vệ ( không bị mưa gió..) slate đa phiến, ngói đen, ngói acđoa standing water nước tù stepped có bậc steep dốc đứng, dốc symmertrical cân đối, đối xứng tar nhựa đường, nhựa hắc ín topmost cao nhất trapezoidal hình thang triangular có hình dạng tam giác traditionally thuộc truyền thống vertical axis trục đứng wing cánh, chái nhà cash-flows vòng quay, chu kỳ tiền mặt competence năng lực, khả năng 35 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 5 affect ảnh hưởng đến.......... adverse bất lợi, có hại analyze phân tích access đường vào, sự tiếp cận acknowledge thừa nhận against chống lại, tương phản với along with cùng với application sự áp dụng, sự ứng dụng approach sự tiếp cận, phương pháp asymmetric không đối xứng background nền tảng bid sự trả giá tại cuộc bán đấu giá, dự thầu consumption sự tiêu dùng, sự tiêu thụ consideration sự cân nhắc, sự suy xét cost chi phí craftsmen thợ thủ công current hiện thời, hiện nay depreciation sự sụt gía deregulation sự bãi bỏ quy định distintegration sự làm tan rã, giải thể dominate chiếm ưu thế, thống trị, chi phối domain lãnh thổ, phạm vi, lĩnh vực duration khoảng thời gian economics kinh tế học economy nền kinh tế, sự tiết kiệm encounter chạm trán đụng độ, đọ sức estimate đánh giá, ước lượng, dự đoán estate vùng đất, bất động sản explain giải thích factor nhân tố facilities management sự quản lý thiết bị far from doing St chẳng những không làm được việc gì field lĩnh vực, phạm vi focus tiêu điểm, trọng điểm forecast dự báo, dự đoán force sức mạnh, sức, lực goods and services hàng hoá và dịch vụ growth sự phát triển identify nhận ra, coi cái gì đó như immediately ngay lập tức incentive khuyến khích, động cơ innovation sự đổi mới, cách tân 36 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com instrumental in là phương tiện để đem lại.......... integration sự hợp lại, sự hoà nhập interaction sự ảnh hưởng lẫn nhau issue vấn đề jointly cùng nhau, cùng linkage sự liên kết macro vĩ mô macroeconomics kinh tế vĩ mô mesoeconomics kinh tế trung mô microeconomics kinh tế vi mô maintain duy trì outline vẽ phác, phác thảo output sản lượng overcome vượt qua, khắc phục owner người sở hữu passive bị động, thụ động prediction sự dự báo, sự dự đoán productivity năng suất, hiệu quả progress sự tiến bộ, sự phát triển project dự án, công trình quantitative data số liệu về lượng recent gần đây reform sửa đổi, cải cách reluctance sự miễn cưỡng reputation sự nổi danh, danh tiếng resources tài nguyên satisfy đáp ứng thoả mãn schedule lập danh mục sector khu vực, lĩnh vực signal dấu hiệu, báo hiệu social science khoa học xã hội sophistication sự tinh vi, tính chất tinh tế standardize tiêu chuẩn hoá statistics số liệu thống kê stragegy chiến lược telecommunications viễn thông theory lý thuyết, học thuyết tie liên kết, kết nối unlimited >< limited quá mức, không giới hạn vulnerability chỗ yếu wants nhu cầu worth giá trị , tính hữu dụng 37 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com UNIT 6 accommodiate cung cấp adhere tham gia, gia nhập apprenticeship sự học nghề, thời gian học nghề assembly lắp ráp authority uy quyền, quyền lực authority having quyền thi hành công lý và giải thích áp dụng các đạo luật, quyền thực thi pháp lý award thưởng, tặng, trao bribe đút lót, hối lộ budget dự thảo ngân sách build xây dựng building nghề xây dựng, toà nhà nhiều tầng, công trình xây dựng công cộng, nhà ở certificate giấy chứng nhận civil engineering công việc thiết kế và xây dựng đường bộ, đường sắt, cầu, kênh đào............, công trình dân dụng consequence hậu quả, tầm quan trọng construction awards học bổng xây dựng construction sự xây dựng construction manager nhà quản lý xây dựng contingency plan kế hoạch để đối phó với những bất ngờ cost engineers = quantity surveyors giám sát viên khối lượng, người lập dự toán khối lượng degree học vị, bằng cấp delay sự chậm trễ, sự trì hoãn design engineer kỹ sư thiết kế execution sự thực hiện, sự thi hành diploma chứng chỉ drawing bản vẽ environmental impact tác động, ảnh hưởng của môi trường enforce làm cho có hiệu lực, ép buộc essential cần thiết equal opportunity cơ hội thời cơ như nhau evaluation sự ước lượng, sự định giá execute thực hiện, thi công foundation degree trình độ, bằng cấp cơ sở govermental agency cơ quan nhà nước, ch ính quyền govern cai trị, cầm quyền, chi phối governmental regulation quy định của nhà nước graduate role vai trò của người có bằng cấp highway công trình giao thông quốc lộ inconvenience sự bất tiện, sự phiền phức 38 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com infrastructure cơ sở hạ tầng integrate kết hợp, hợp nhất, hoà nhất interrelate tương quan với nhau involved with có liên quan đến legal hợp pháp manage quản lý machenical engineer kỹ sư cơ kh í municipality chính quyền thành phố tự trị, chính quyền đô thị tự trị obligation nghĩa vụ bổn phận overlap gối lên nhau, chồng chéo lên nhau physical task công tác, công việc tay chân position vị trí, địa v ị professional chuyên nghiệp, nhà nghề project architect kiến trúc sư của dự án project manager nhà quản lý dự án qualification năng lực, trình độ chuyên môn renovation sự nâng cấp, sự cải tiến regulate điều chỉnh safeguard bộ phận an toàn sandwich study học xen kẽ giữa những thời kỳ học với nhữngthời kỳ thực tập, vừa học, vừa làm site safety an toàn xây dựng tại công trường so that với mục đích là, để mà specification đặc điểm kỹ thuật, chi tiết kỹ thuật specialised chuyên dụng, thích ứng structural engineer kỹ sư kết cấu subagency phân xã, người đại diện surveyor người giám sát tender sự bỏ thầu training program chương trình đào tạo 39 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Raymond Murphy,(1995), English grammar in use,Cambridge University Press 2. A.J. Thompson and A.V. Martinet, Third edition - A practical English grammar – exercise, Oxford University Press. 3. Phạm Đăng Bình, (1996), Tuyển tập các bài thi trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh tập 1; Nhà xuất bản giáo dục 4. Faculty of foreign languages, (2002), Materials for Civil Engineering, Ha noi University of Technology. 40 Download Ebook Tai: htts://downloadsachmienhi.com