4000 Essential English Words 3

" 4000 Essential English Words 3 🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook 4000 Essential English Words 3 Ebooks Nhóm Zalo 4000 Essential English Words 3 Paul Nation © 200 9 Compass Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book n a y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Acquisitions Editor. Fidel Cruz Project CooidirtJtor; Annie Cho Design: Design Plus email; info@compasspub.com http://w w w.com pas5pub.com ISBN: 97Q*1-599co-*0*-Q 10 9 S ? 0 5 A 3 2 1 12 11 10 09 Photo Credits All im a ge s® Shutterstock, Inc. \\\\v English Words 4000 Essential English W ords 3 Paul Nation © 2009 Compass Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Acquisitions Editor: Fidel Cruz Project Coordinator: Annie Cho Design: Design Plus email: info@compasspub.com http://www.compasspub.com ISBN: 978-1-59966-404-0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 13 12 Photo Credits All images © Shutterstock, Inc. Paul Nation Unit Target Words Page arise, benefactor, blacksmith, charitable, chimney, compensate, encounter, exceed, forge, 1 8 humble, iron, ladder, modest, occupy, penny, preach, prosper, province, satisfaction, sustain acquire, awkward, caretaker, deceive, discourage, fake, hatred, hut, inferior, lodge, neglect, 2 14 newcomer, offense, overlook, repay, ridiculous, satisfactory, shepherd, venture, wheat alley, ax, bunch, chore, decent, disgrace, elbow, grateful, irritate, kid, loose, offend, 3 20 overnight, persist, pine, scar, sensation, sled, tease, valentine bloom, compact, curl, decay, dessert, dip, distant, eclipse, fairy, grace, leisure, mankind, 4 26 passion, pillow, pulse, refresh, sneeze, spice, whistle, wool acquaint, cemetery, curse, disguise, fancy, flashlight, hood, inhabitant, nourish, pirate, 5 32 publication, riddle, rot, scare, shortly, skeleton, spoil, starve, thrill, wicked alert, broadcast, bulletin, bump, chop, closet, console, district, drawer, endure, execute, 6 38 grasp, rear, senator, skull, stir, tap, tremendous, underneath, worm abandon, ambitious, bark, bay, brilliant, chin, complaint, deaf, enthusiastic, expedition, 7 44 horizon, loyal, mayor, mutual, overweight, refuge, restore, rub, senses, veterinarian anniversary, arithmetic, ashamed, burst, carpenter, coal, couch, drip, elegant, fabric, 8 50 highlands, ivory, mill, needle, polish, sew, shed, thread, trim, upwards ail, ally, boast, bounce, bully, carbohydrate, crawl, defeat, dial, dominant, mercy, nod, 9 56 opponent, quarrel, rival, sore, sting, strain, torture, wrestle absence, aloud, bald, blanket, creep, divorce, imitate, infant, kidnap, nap, nowhere, 10 62 pat, relief, reproduce, rhyme, suck, urgent, vanish, wagon, wrinkle abnormal, bamboo, blossom, compass, dialect, dishonest, dwarf, ecosystem, fatal, impatient, 11 68 leaf, manuscript, marsh, patience, perfume, pond, proverb, pursuit, recite, wilderness anticipate, barrel, beam, casual, caution, contrary, deliberate, dissolve, explode, fasten, 12 74 germ, kit, puff, rag, scatter, scent, steel, swift, toss, triumph aboard, bitter, bullet, devil, drift, enforce, fountain, harbor, inhabit, march, millionaire, 13 80 port, sheriff, startle, sweat, trigger, unify, vessel, voyage, worship apprentice, assure, bandage, bleed, bond, chef, crown, departure, diligent, emperor, 86 fiber, horrible, impolite, kneel, luxury, massive, panic, priority, robe, scold affair, assembly, bless, cereal, cheerful, diameter, exploit, famine, harvest, merry, nut, pardon, pharaoh, ripe, roast, routine, scheme, slim, stove, theft Unit Target Words Page) 16 adolescent, aptitude, compliment, hinder, journalism, jury, justice, liberty, literary, pharmacy, pill, presume, privacy, punishment, sensible, slice, sorrow, straw, swell, tidy 98 17 affection, agency, ash, confine, dismiss, erupt, fate, lava, miserable, navigate, originate, remainder, retrieve, shallow, slope, span, superstition, sympathy, vibrate, wander 104 18 armor, blaze, boom, cliff, flame, independence, invasion, knight, lightning, rebel, retreat, revolution, spear, steep, summit, thunder, troops, warrior, withdraw, yield 110 19 bench, confront, daisy, dispute, horror, incident, mist, object, orphan, plot, pregnant, rage, revenge, shame, sigh, sneak, spare, stem, supper, tender 116 20 beneath, cub, dawn, dissatisfied, ease, evident, hail, howl, leap, magnificent, necessity, outcome, pile, profound, seize, squeeze, supreme, terrific, trait, vital 122 21 accustomed, affirm, astonished, bang, clan, dim, emphasis, fable, feast, glow, hollow, instinct, joint, leak, physician, sacrifice, stiff, stroke, tragic, tune 128 22 accommodate, circus, coincide, commission, dose, dye, extent, gender, headline, informal, inquire, messenger, peer, portrait, pose, ranch, steer, stripe, tame, tempt 134 23 Aborigine, ban, cautious, confess, cottage, daytime, desperate, fade, fierce, gamble, lawn, mow, outlaw, prospect, purse, rod, seldom, shave, terrified, wizard 140 24 baggage, bulb, bundle, cattle, flee, graze, greed, herd, initiate, lane, luggage, nerve, optimist, parade, pave, phantom, portable, poster, scratch, symphony, widow 146 25 circulate, consequent, derive, drown, dynasty, fraction, frost, illusion, invade, lieutenant, marine, merit, navy, polar, ray, resign, suicide, tremble, underlying, via 152 26 alter, aside, autumn, blend, collapse, crush, curve, disgusting, drain, embrace, envy, fireworks, flour, fuse, ginger, jealous, paste, receipt, wipe, wire 158 27 acknowledge, ambassador, blonde, conquer, drag, exaggerate, heritage, insult, meanwhile, necklace, noble, precious, prejudice, rumor, sin, spectacle, stack, suspicious, tin, vase 164 28 ache, arctic, canal, chemist, chill, congress, dairy, descend, grocer, hesitate, institution, jog, merchant, poke, postpone, splash, stubborn, suburb, tide, tragedy 170 29 bomb, certificate, circumstance, coffin, cope, criticism, devastate, frown, gaze, glance, grief, groom, license, microscope, nuclear, portray, rotate, souvenir, submarine, trace 176 30 appliance, basin, broom, caterpillar, cupboard, delicate, emerge, handicap, hook, hop, laundry, pursue, reluctant, sleeve, spine, stain, strip, swear, swing, utilize 182 9 About the Vocabulary The 600 words in each book of this series along with the additional target words presented in the appendices included in the first three books of the series are the most useful words in English. They were found by analysis of a collection of English course books from various levels in the primary, secondary and tertiary school systems. The words included in this series were chosen because they occurred many times in different levels of these materials. Because of the way that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics: 1 They are useful in both spoken and written English. No matter what English course you are studying, the words in these books will be of value to you. 2 Each word in these books is a high-frequency word. This means that the effort in learning the words is well repaid by the number of times learners have a chance to encounter or use them. 3 These books as a whole cover a large proportion of the words in any spoken or written text. They cover at least 80% of the words in newspapers and academic texts, and at least 90% of the words in novels. They also cover at least 90% of the words in conversation. About the Books The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings and forms of the words. Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning of the words in the context of a sentence— a sentence different from the sentences that occurred in the introduction of the words. Moreover, each unit ends with a story containing the target words. While reading the story, the learners have to recall the meanings of the words and suit them to the context of the story. Such activities help learners develop a better understanding of a common meaning for a given word which fits the different uses. Illustrations for each target word are provided to help learners visualize the word as it is being used in the example sentence. These word/image associations aim to help students grasp the meaning of the word as well as recall the word later. It should be noted that words have more than one grammatical category. However, this series focuses on the word’s most common form. This is mentioned to remind learners that just because a word is labeled and utilized as a noun in this series does not mean that it can never be used in another form such as an adjective. This series has simply focused on the word in the form that it is most likely to be expressed. Supporting Learning with Outside Activities A well-balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development. The highly structured activities in these books support all four types of learning opportunities. In addition, learning can further be supported through the following activities: 1 Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side of the card and the translation of the word in the student’s first language on the other side. Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day. Over several weeks, students will find that quick repeated studying for brief periods of time is more effective than studying for hours at one sitting. 2 Assign graded readers at students’ appropriate levels. Reading such books provides both enjoyment as well as meaning-focused input which will help the words stick in students’ memory. 3 Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight recognition and usage. Compass Publishing’s Reading for Speed and Fluency is a good resource for reading fluency material. 4 Include listening, speaking, and writing activities in classes. Reinforcement of the high-frequency vocabulary presented in this series is important across all the four language skills. A uth o r Paul Nation Paul Nation is professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has taught in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States, Finland, and Japan. His specialist interests are language teaching m ethodology and vocabulary learning. arise [araiz] V. To arise is to happen. -* Difficulties arose with his computer because it was old. benefactor [benafasktar] n. A benefactor is a person who gives money to help someone. -♦ The student’s benefactor gave him money to spend on his studies. blacksmith [blaeksmle] n. A blacksmith is a person who makes things out of metal. -* The blacksmith pounded the piece o f metal until it was flat. charitable [tjaeratabal] adj. When someone is charitable, they help people who are in need. — My sister was charitable enough to help me buy my first house. chimney [tjfmni] n. A chimney is a tall pipe used to carry smoke out of a building. -* The cat was on the roof sitting next to the chimney. compensate [kampanseit] v. To compensate is to pay someone for the time they spent doing something. -» Her boss compensated her for the extra work she did last week. e n C O U n te r [inkauntar] v. If you encounter something, you meet or come close to it. -> I encountered a sea turtle while I was swimming. exceed [iksi:d] v. To exceed is to be more than something. -+ Since I exceeded my lim it, I decided to get rid o f my credit cards. forge tfo:rd3] y. To forge is to make or produce, especially with difficulty. -* Stacy and Heather forged their friendship when they were teenagers. humble [hAmbl] adj. People who are humble do not believe that they are better than other people. -*• Even though Bob is the smartest boy in his class, he is humble. 8 ir o n [a ism] n. Iron is a strong metal that is used to make many objects. -* The horse had shoes made o f iron. ladder [Isedax] n. A ladder is an object that is used to climb up and down things. -» He used a ladder to climb to the top o f his tree house. modest [madist] adj. If people are modest, they do not think that they are too important. -» Derek is very modest for someone who is so rich. OCCUpy [akjapai] v. To occupy a place is to live, work, or be there. -> Kevin and Alice occupied the chairs and had a long discussion. penny [peni] n. A penny is a coin worth one cent. -► U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is on the penny. preach [pit.tj] * To preach is to talk about and promote a religious idea. Aaron often preached about living an honest life. prosper [prosper] V. To prosper is to be successful or make a lot of money. -» Frank’s new business finally prospered after many years o f hard work. province [prdvins] n. A province is a small area that is controlled by a country. -► Canada is divided into several different provinces. s a t is f a c t io n [saetisfaekjan] n. Satisfaction is a feeling you get when you do or receive something good. Brad was filled with satisfaction when he saw what was for dinner. SUStain [sastein] v. To sustain something is to keep it going. -+ Wind power is a clean way to sustain a city with energy. 9 Exercise A Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. to make or produce with difficulty a. prosper b. arise c. penny 2. a person who works with metal a. iron b. blacksmith c. charitable 3. to keep something going a. exceed b. sustain c. preach 4. a small area that is part of a country a. ladder b. province c. encounter 5. thinking oneself not to be too important a. humble b. satisfaction c. chimney d. forge d. benefactor d. occupy d. compensate d. modest DMSiJ B Choose the right definition for the given word. l . benefactor a. giver c. money 2. compensate a. where smoke goes c. a tool used to climb 3. occupy a. to be rich c. to see someone you know 4. iron a. a baby c. a good feeling 5. exceed a. to keep something going c. to be kind to others b. an area d. too much b. to shape metal d. to pay someone in return b. to happen d. to be in a place b. a type of metal c. a person who makes things with metal b. to not talk about yourself too much d. to go past a certain lim it Exercise 2 Choose the answer that best fits the question. 1. Which of the following is a form of money? a. A province b. A penny c. A blacksmith d. A ladder 2. If you meet a boy on the street, yo u him. a. exceed b. occupy c. encounter d. sustain 3. Which of the following is a good feeling? a. Modest b. Humble c. Satisfaction d. Charitable 4. Which one is part of a house? a. Forge b. Compensate c. Arise d. Chimney 5. Which word relates to the word religion? a. Iron b. Preach c. Benefactor d. Prosper 6. Which of the following means to happen? a. Sustain b. Arise c. Province d. Prosper 7. Which of the following do people use to reach high places? a. A chimney b. A blacksmith c. A benefactor d. A ladder 8. If you are smart with your money, then what will happen to you? a. You will occupy a jail cell b. You will forge a strong relationship c. You will prosper d. You will become humble 9. If someone gives money to others, we could say that they are . a. charitable b. modest c. prosper d. exceed 10. Which of the following describes someone who thinks they are no better than others? a. Benefactor b. Satisfaction c. Humble d. Compensate The Real St. Nick At Christmas, children wait for St. Nicholas to bring gifts down the chimney. But it’s not just a story. St. Nicholas was a real person. A long time ago, a man named Marcus occupied a house with his family. He was not modest. He always told everybody he was the strongest man in the province. He worked hard, but he could barely sustain his family. He wanted to save money and prosper. Still, he could never earn a penny more than he needed. One day, Marcus made an agreement with a blacksmith. The blacksmith had a lot of work to do. But he couldn’t do it all by himself. Marcus wanted to help him forge iron. The blacksmith agreed to compensate him with a lot of money. In the same town, there was a man named Nicholas. At an early age, Nicholas started preaching. But he also believed that he should be humble and charitable. He learned that helping people gave him even more satisfaction than preaching. One day, Nicholas encountered Marcus. Marcus told Nicholas about his agreement with the blacksmith. “ I worked hard for him,” Marcus said, “ but a problem arose. Even though I worked for him, he didn’t pay me.” Nicholas wanted to help Marcus. That night, he went back to Marcus’s house. He brought a bag of gold. It exceeded the amount that Marcus needed. Nicholas climbed up a ladder and dropped the bag of gold down the chimney. Marcus thanked his benefactor. Soon, people found out about Nicholas’s gift. He became well known and loved. Even today, people still give secret gifts to children. And we say they are from St. Nicholas. j j ^ . y ^ VIMIA Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Marcus occupied a home with Nicholas. 2. Marcus told Nicholas about his problem when he encountered Nicholas. 3. A problem arose for Marcus because he enjoyed preaching. 4. Nicholas got a lot of satisfaction from being charitable and humble. 5. Marcus was compensated by the blacksmith for helping forge iron. 6. The money that Nicholas gave Marcus exceeded the amount he needed. CICMT B Answer the questions. 1. Which of the following is true about the job Marcus did? a. He made pennies. b. He was compensated unfairly, c. He preached to people. d. He barely sustained his family. 2. Why didn’t Nicolas tell people that he gave money away? a. He prospered. b. He didn’t want to be modest, c. He wanted to be humble. d. He wasn’t popular in the province. 3. What was dropped down the chimney? a. A penny b. A ladder c. Gold d. A benefactor 4. Why did Marcus want more money? a. To buy more iron b. To feed his family c. To give it away d. To become a blacksmith acquire [akwaiar] v. To acquire something is to gain possession of it. -* Tina acquired a strange package yesterday. awkward [6:kward] adj. j If something is awkward, it is embarrassing and uncomfortable. -» After dropping his coffee cup, Robbie felt awkward. caretaker [kearteikar] n. A caretaker is a person who takes care of very young, old, or sick people. -* My grandmother’s caretaker helps her get around the house. deceive [disi:v] To deceive someone is to make them believe something that is not true. -* He tried to deceive his friends as they were playing a game. discourage [diska:rid3] v. To discourage someone is to make them feel less excited about something. -* Mr. Perry discouraged the students from quitting school. f a k e [feik] adj. If something is fake, it is made to look real in order to trick people. -» The model was wearing fake eyelashes. hatred [heitrid] n. Hatred is a strong feeling of not liking someone or something. - » I have a hatred for the taste o f medicine. hut [hAt] n. A hut is a house made of wood, grass, or mud that has only one ortwo rooms. -*■ We all went into the hut to sleep. inferior [infiartar] adj. If something is inferior, it is not as good as something else. -* Cars built a hundred years ago are inferior to ones built today. lodge [lad3] n. A lodge is a house in the mountains, used by people who hunt or fish. -+ During our ski trip, we stayed at a lodge. neglect [niglekt] v. To neglect someone or something is to not take care of it properly. — William neglected his room, so it is a complete mess. newcomer [ryu :kAm0:r] n> A newcomer is a person who has recently arrived at a place or a group. -» The students happily welcomed the newcomer to the school. offense [afens] n. An offense is behavior that is wrong or breaks a law. -* Stealing a car is a very serious offense. overlook [ouvarluk] v. To overlook something is to not notice it, or to not realize that it is important. -* Brenda overlooked the last step and had a bad fall. repay irhpei] * To repay is to pay back or to reward someone or something. -* She repaid her friend for all o f his hard work with a small gift. ridiculous [ridikjalas] adj. If something is ridiculous, it is silly or strange. -♦ Steve looked ridiculous with those huge blue sunglasses. satisfactory [saetisfaektaci] adj. If something is satisfactory, it is good enough. -» Mina often received satisfactory grades since she studied so hard. shepherd [Jepard] n. A shepherd is a person who protects and cares for sheep. -* The shepherd moved the sheep to another field. venture [ventjar] V. To venture is to go to a place that may be dangerous. -* Even though it was dangerous, they ventured up the mountain. wheat I/7wi:t] n. Wheat is a plant which makes grain. Wheat grain is used to make bread. -* The field o f golden wheat was ready to be harvested. Exercise 1 PAHTD3 A Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. a strong feeling of not liking someone or something a. deceive b. repay c. offense d. hatred 2. not as good as a. inferior b. hatred c. satisfactory d. venture 3. to get something a. overlook b. discourage c. lodge d. acquire 4. to go to a dangerous place a. wheat b. venture c. newcomer d. caretaker 5. a plant that makes grain a. fake b. wheat c. shepherd d. hut P£\H0' B Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. satisfactory a. to pretend b. to care for c. good enough d. project 2. newcomer a. not comfortable b. someone new to a place c. not as good as d. a glass lamp 3. repay a. to give back b. to not pay attention to c. a house for hunting d. a bad thing that someone does 4. fake a. to fail to notice b. not real c. to get d. to protect 5. discouraged a. high place b. to dislike a lot c. not real d. less excited Exercise 2 Circle two words that are related in each group. 1. a. discourage b. lodge c. venture d. hut 2. a. shepherd b. caretaker c. repay d. wheat 3. a. offense b. fake c. hatred d. deceive 4. a. acquire b. awkward c. newcomer d. ridiculous 5. a. overlook b. inferior c. neglect d. satisfactory Exercise 3 Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1. fake / newcomers The girl didn’t tike th e ___________ , so she played a joke on them. She put ___________ bugs in their drinks. 2. acquire / lodge Dave hoped to ____________a new house. The____________where he lived was too old. 3. repay / neglected She was eager to ____________the boy that had helped her repair her bike. While others had sim ply____________her, he was happy to help. 4. offenses / discouraged Going to ja il____________the man from any____________in the future. 5. shepherd / venturing In the middle of the storm, th e ____________looked for his lost sheep b y____________ up the mountain. 6. deceive / ridiculous My little brother tried to ___________us by dressing in Dad’s clothes, but he just looked___________ . 7. wheat / hut The farmer built h is ____________close to th e ____________field so he could constantly watch it. 8. awkward / caretaker After th e ____________started a small fire in the kitchen, he felt very___________ . 9. overlook / inferior Most shoppers tend to ___________ any products that they think are____________to similar things. 10. hatred / satisfactory She had a ____________for food with tomatoes, but everything else on the menu was 17 The Shepherd and the Wild Sheep Once there was a shepherd. Every night he counted and gathered his sheep. He was sure never to overlook any of them. One night, he saw some wild sheep had joined his herd. He hoped to acquire the newcomers. It snowed that night. In the morning, the shepherd couldn’t take his sheep out of his lodge. Instead, he had to feed them inside. He gave a small amount of wheat to his own sheep. But he gave more of the food to the wild sheep. He thought the extra wheat would discourage them from leaving. It snowed for several days. During that time, the shepherd’s sheep ate very little. The wild sheep, however, ate very well. At last, the snow melted, and they ventured outdoors. As soon as he opened the door of his hut, the wild sheep started to run away. “ Wait! This is how you repay me? After I treated you so kindly, why do you run away?” the shepherd asked. His voice was full of hatred. The wild sheep stopped and turned toward the shepherd. “ We’re leaving because you fed us betterthan your own sheep,” one of the wild sheep replied. “ You tried to deceive us with your ridiculous plan. Yesterday you treated us kindly, but tomorrow you might be different. If more wild sheep joined your herd, you would treat us as inferior sheep.” As the wild sheep ran away, the shepherd understood his offense. He knew this awkward situation was his own fault. He had not been a satisfactory caretaker. He was a fake friend to the wild sheep. Because of this, he had neglected his own herd. EOBTf A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. The shepherd counted his sheep because he didn’t want to overlook any of them. 2. The shepherd couldn’t take the sheep outside because it was dark outside. 3. The shepherd gave a little wheat to the wild sheep. But he gave his own sheep more. 4. The wild sheep ran away from the shepherd after the snow melted. 5. The wild sheep thought the shepherd had neglected his own sheep. 6. The shepherd never knew what he had done wrong. B Answer the questions. 1. What was the shepherd’s hope for the wild sheep? a. That they wouldn’t be awkward b. That they would feel hatred for him c. That he could acquire them d. That he could repay them 2. How did the shepherd hope to discourage the wild sheep from running away? a. By giving them extra food b. By locking them in his hut c. By selling his own sheep d. By being their friend 3. All of the following describe what kind of caretaker the shepherd was EXCEPT__ a. fake b. ridiculous c. inferior d. satisfactory 4. What was the shepherd’s offense? a. He never acquired the wild sheep. b. He trapped the sheep in his lodge, c. He hurt the wild sheep. d. He did not care for his own sheep. 19 9 9 4* JtI ax [aeks] n. An ax is a tool used to cut wood. -+ She used an ax to cut some wood for the fire. b u n c h [bAntJ] n. A bunch is a group of the same things. She was hungry, so she ate the entire bunch o f grapes. chore [tjb:r] n. A chore is a job that you have to do but don’t like. -* It’s Nikki’s chore to do the dishes every Tuesday and Wednesday night. d e c e n t [di:sant] adj. When something is decent, it is OK or good enough. -* Eric did a decent job painting the fence. disgrace [disgreis] n. Disgrace is a feeling of shame. -*• He felt a sense o f disgrace after failing his big exam. e lb O W [elbou] n. The elbow is the middle part of a person’s arm that lets you bend it. She pointed to her elbow to show me where she hurt herself. grateful [greitfal] adj. When you are grateful for something, you are happy that it happened. -» The girls were grateful to have a chance to spend time with their grandfather. irritate [iret&tj * To irritate means to annoy someone. -* She was irritated when her brother told her that he had lost her camera. kid [kid] v. To kid is to make a joke to make someone believe something which is not true. -* I am not really mad. I was kidding when I said I was angry. loose [lu:s] adj. When something is loose, it is not held in place well. -* The bolt was loose, so I tightened it with the wrench. offend [afend] v. To offend someone means to make them angry or upset. ■ They were both offended by what they had said to each other. overnight [ouvarnait] adv. When something happens overnight, it happens during the night. — The campers stayed in the tent overnight. persist [persist] v. To persist means to keep doing something even when it is hard. -* Even though the lesson was difficult, he persisted until he understood. p in e [pain] n. A pine is a type of tree that is tall and thin. -* There were many beautiful pine trees in the forest. SCar [ska:r] n. A scar is a mark on the skin after a wound heals. -♦ The monster had horrible scars on his cheek and forehead. s e n s a t io n [sensetjan] n. A sensation is a feeling a person gets from their senses. -► Mom got a painful sensation in her head from the loud noise. sled [sled] n. A sled is a small vehicle that you use on snow. -* Marvin likes to ride his sled down the h ill in winter. tease W:z] v. To tease someone means to laugh at or make fun of them. Jake teased Charlie because he was the new student. valentine [v®lantain] n. A valentine is someone you love or admire with great affection. -♦ Harry wanted Molly to be his valentine. P/M'O1 A Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. not strongly put in place a. kid b. loose c. disgrace d. sensation 2. thankful a. decent b. irritate c. grateful d. offend 3. a job or task a. sled b. chore c. alley d. ax 4. someone you love or admire a. valentine b. pine c. bunch d. elbow 5. to make angry a. offend b. scar c. persist d. overnight PCMF B Choose the right definition for the given word. k ill 1 . bunch i mI) III l| II 1! I a. a group of things c. a narrow road 2. elbow a. a picture c. a part of the arm 3. irritate a. to keep trying c. not being serious 4. disgrace a. shame c. during the night 5. decent a. to make fun c. a job or task 6. overnight a. happening during the night c. not held in place 7. ax a. a tall tree c. a part of the arm 8. tease a. a group of things c. when something is enough 9. pine a. a job one has to do c. a mark left on the skin 10. sensation a. someone one loves or admires c. a feeling b. a tool d. wood from a tree b. a markon the skin d. a vehicle for snow b. to annoy d. full of thanks b. to make angry d. not strongly attached b. a feeling from the senses d. good or correct b. to make fun of someone d. a feeling one gets from their senses b. a tool used for cutting d. a feeling of shame b. to make a joke d. to make fun of someone b. a tall tree d. a vehicle used in the snow b. to make someone angry or mad d. a scar Exercise 2 Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1. ax/pine tree The man bought a b ig ___________ . He needed it to cut down a(n) in his yard. 2. offend / tease The bully likes to. the smaller children. He does not know that his actions them. 3. overnight / loose The door to the shed is . _. It will be windy tomorrow, so I must work to fix it so it does not blow away. 4. chore / grateful The____________of cutting the grass was difficult. However, the boy w as. when he was paid for his hard work. 5. alley / sled After the snow storm, th e . was covered with snow and ice. It was fun to ride our 6. elbow / scar She hurt her. . down the path. and had to go to the doctor. There is a large. where the cut healed. 7. persist / bunch She must put all of the leaves into a ___________to get the job done. 8. kids / irritate _. It will not be easy, but she must The boy always. his friend about things that aren’t true. But he will his friend if he continues this action. 9. valentine / decent He thought that until he got a haircut, Elena would never be his 10. sensation / disgrace The runner fe lt_____ his stomach. when he lost the race. He had a terrible. in The Boy and his Sled Mike was the smallest child in school. Another boy, Joe, always teased Mike. Joe had a large scar on his face from fighting other children. One day, Joe offended Mike when he made fun of Mike’s valentine, Jane. Mike felt disgrace, but he didn’t know how to make Joe stop. That day, Mike walked home down an alley. He found a bunch of wood boards next to a pine tree. He thought to himself, “ I could build a decent sled from this. If I let Joe use it, he will be nicerto me and Jane.” He took the wood home. Mike got an ax and cut the wood. He used nails to make sure that the pieces were not loose. As he worked, he bumped his elbow on the boards. The painful sensation made him want to cry. It was a hard chore, but he persisted. He worked overnight. By morning, the sled was finished. Mike called Joe on the telephone. He said, “ Hi Joe. Come over to my house right away.” Joe didn’t know why Mike wanted him to come over. When Joe arrived, Mike told him, “ Joe, it irritated me the other day when you said mean things about my card to Jane. You weren’t kidding when you said those mean things. But I’m not like you. I just built this sled, and I’ll let you ride it with me if you are nice.” They became friends, and Joe was grateful m P/MT A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Joe offended Mike by saying mean things about his valentine, Jane. 2. Mike found a bunch of pine trees. 3. Joe was a decent person at the beginning of the reading. 4. Mike persisted even though the chore was very hard. 5. Mike used his elbows to put together loose pieces. 6. Mike told Joe he was sharing his new sled because he was a civil person. P/iMF B Answer the questions. 1. Which item did Mike NOT use when bui a. Ax c. Alley 2. At the end of the reading, Joe . a. was grateful that Mike was nice c. irritated Mike again 3. Why did Mike feel a painful sensation? a. Joe teased him with the hammer. c. He got a scar on his face. 4. According to the reading, when did Mil< a. The next morning c. Before school ngthe sled? b. Nail d. Valentine b. did not get to ride on the sled d. said he was kidding b. He dragged the wood home. d. He bumped his elbow on the boards. build the sled? b. Overnight d. Throughout the day List b lo o m [blu:m] * When a plant blooms, it makes flowers. -► Roses look so pretty when they bloom. compact [kampaekt] adj. If something is compact, it is smaller than normal. -» A laptop computer is much more compact than a desktop model. CUrl [kerl] n. A curl is a small piece of something with a round shape. — The colorful ribbons were bent into curls. decay [dikei] V. To decay is to be destroyed naturally. -» The old wooden house was slowly decaying. dessert [dize:rt] n. Dessert is a sweet food that you eat after a meal. -* Kayla wants ice cream for dessert. dip [dip] v. To dip something is to put part of it into a liquid for a short time. -► Laurel dipped her strawberry into the chocolate. distant id istent] adj. If something is distant, it is far away. Michael could barely see the distant island. eclipse [iklips] n. An eclipse is an occasion when the moon moves in front of the sun. -» A complete eclipse o f the sun is a very rare occurrence. fairy [feari] n. A fairy is a small, magic creature with wings. -* There are usually fairies in fantasy stories. grace tgreis] n. Grace is a quality of moving in a smooth, relaxed and attractive way. — The ballerina danced with grace. l e i s u r e [11:33:1-] n. Leisure is time when you do not have to do work. -» Eve likes to listen to music in her leisure time. m a n k i n d [maenkaind] n. Mankind is all of the world’s people. — All o f mankind has to work to make this a better world. p a s s i o n [paejan] n. Passion is a very strong feeling of wanting to do something. — She had a passion for dancing. p illo w [pilou] n. A pillow is something that you put your head on when you sleep. -* When I travel, I usually take along my favorite pillow. p u l s e [pAls] n. A pulse is the beat of the heart. -* The doctor checked the patient’s pulse by feeling his wrist. r e f r e s h [rifrej] * To refresh someone is to make them feel less hot or tired. -* The baby was refreshed after taking a cool bath. s n e e z e [snkz] v. To sneeze is to suddenly blow air out of your nose and mouth. -> He sneezed after smelling the flower. S p ic e [spais] n. A spice is a flavor for food and drinks. -> Two common spices found in many homes are salt and pepper. w h i s t l e [/7WISSI] V. To whistle is to make a sound by putting your lips together and blowing. . Ashe was listening to music, Daryl whistled. w o o l [wul] n. Wool is the hair that a sheep has. -> Grandma wants to use the blue wool to knit me a sweater. PZ^ED1 A Choose the right word for the given definition. 1 . far away a. compact b. leisure 2. a sweet thing to eat a. dessert b. wool 3. a small magical creature a. pulse b. pillow 4. an event that covers the sun a. whistle b. decay 5. to make someone feel less tired a. spice b. refresh c. distant c. mankind c. grace c. eclipse c. dip d. passion d. bloom d. fairy d. curl d. sneeze PCra1 B Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. whistle a. a flavor c. people 2. compact a. far c. small 3. wool a. sheep’s hair b. something to eat 4. grace a. to chase after c. a nice way to move 5. dip a. to blow out air c. to put in and out 6. spice a. a flavor added to food or drink c. to make one feel less tired 7. leisure a. time when you do not have to work c. the h airof sheep 8. curl a. to get old and fall apart c. something small 9. pillow a. something you sleep on c. an event that covers the sun 10. pulse a. not at work c. the beat of one’s heart b. to make noise with one’s lips d. a flower b. not at work d. to help tired people b. magic creature d. strong feeling b. to get old and rot d. in the shape of a circle b. something soft for your head d. one of the things on your feet b. something with a round shape d. a sweet thing to eat b. to become naturally destroyed d. a feeling of wanting b. something with a curve d. to go after b. the quality of moving well d. faraway b. a magic creature d. to go away Exercise 2 Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1. distant / compact Some scientists think that in th e ____________future, we are going to use all of our fuel. One way to use less fuel is to drive a . car. 2. pulse/eclipse Watching th e ____ going very fast. 3. mankind /grace Early members o f. how to move with 4. desserts / spice My favorite_____ 5. bloom / decay was very exciting. Afterwards, I could feel m y. walked slowly and strangely. However, people learned _ over the years. is cinnamon. I put it in all of my favorite. In the fall, the flowers do n o t. I clean them up when they start to 6. refresh / whistled She___________ a song while she took a shower to . herself. 7. wool /curls When my father was a boy, he learned all about a sheep’s . _. For example, he learned that it form s. 8. fairy / leisure Jennifer likes to paint in her. was of a ___________ . 9. sneezing / dipped time. The most recent picture she painted Kelly____________her feet into the pool but decided not to get in because she was ___________ a lot. She was afraid she might get others sick if she got in. 10. pillow / passion The baby has a _ is h is_________ for soft things. One of the things that he loves the most .Ill . •:... Tiny Tina In a distant land, there was a kingdom where fairies lived. Tina was a fairy. She had yellow curls and wore a dress made of wool. She always moved with grace. However, because of her compact size, she was scared of mankind. One day, there was an eclipse of the sun. The fairies didn’t know what was happening. They were scared, so they ran away. Tina looked for a place to hide. She found a garden with flowers blooming. Tina had a passion for flowers. She decided to hide there. She became sleepy and made a pillow with some leaves. She whistled happily as she worked, and she fell asleep. Suddenly, somebody sneezed. The sound woke Tina up. She saw a very big face looking at her! Tina was so scared that she couldn’t move. She could feel her pulse going very fast. The big woman went into her house. When she came back, she gave Tina a cup. The woman sat on the ground among some decaying leaves. Tina dipped a finger in the cup and tasted it. It was tea with all kinds of delicious spices in it. Tina felt refreshed after drinking the tea. “ I’m Wilma,” the lady said. “ I spend all my leisure time in my garden cutting flowers. Would you like some dessert?” Tina said yes. She was hungry, and she wasn’t frightened anymore. She took a bite of cake and relaxed. “ How did you get to my garden?” Tina told Wilma how she got lost. “ That’s terrible! Let us take you home.” “ Actually, I think that I want to stay with you,” Tina said. She wasn’t scared of big people anymore. Wilma and Tina lived happily ever after. / Readin * \ ‘4 1 v A j l i I PZMJ1 A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Tina made a pillow of leaves while she whistled. 2. Tina wore a dress made of decayed flowers. 3. Tina decided to hide in the garden. 4. Tina had a passion for desserts. 5. The fairies left because they were scared by the eclipse. 6. Wilma gave Tina some tea for dessert. P/MT B Answer the questions. 1. Why did Tina suddenly wake up? a. She felt refreshed, c. The leaves were decayed. b. She heard someone sneeze, d. She had a fast pulse. 2. All of the following describe Tina EXCEPT . a. she had curls in her hair b. she moved with grace c. she did not like tea with spice d. she was compact 3. What does Wilma do with the flowers? a. She makes dessert with them. b. She cuts them, c. She dips them in gold. d. She lets them decay. 4. Where did Tina live before she met Wilma? a. In Wilma’s garden b. In a tiny house c. On a street with big cars d. In a distant country acquaint [akweint] v. To acquaint is to get to know something or someone. — Nancy acquainted herself with the new computer. cemetery [semateri] n. A cemetery is where people are buried when they die. -*■ Some people are scared o f cemeteries. curse [kaxs] V. To curse someone or something is to hope that bad things happen to them. -* The witch cursed the village. d is g u is e [disgaiz] n. A disguise is something you wear so people cannot tell who you are. -+ Everyone knew that it was Dad in the Santa disguise. fancy [fsensi] adj. If something is fancy, it is nicer than normal. -*• Their table was all set for a fancy dinner. flashlight [flsejlait] n. A flashlight is a small electric light that you carry in your hand. -* We took a flashlight when we went camping. hood [hud] n. A hood is part of a coat that goes over your head. -+ She put on her hood to keep her head warm. inhabitant [inhaebatant] n. An inhabitant is a person who lives in a certain place. -» The number o f inhabitants in the countryside is increasing. nourish [na:ri|] v. To nourish something is to give it food that it needs to live. -+ A good mother will nourish her baby every day. til pirate [paiarat] n. A pirate is a sailor who steals things from other boats. -* Pirates are very scary characters. publication [pAblakeijan] n. A publication is something printed, like a newspaper or book. -* She’s been a subscriber to that publication for over ten years. riddle [ndi] n. A riddle is a question that is difficult to answer but meant to be funny. -* I could not answer Wendy’s riddle, but it made me laugh. rot [rot] v. When something rots, it slowly gets softer and is destroyed. -» The old log began to rot in the forest. scare [sk£9-.r] v. To scare means to cause one to feel frightened. -> I was scared by the sight o f the monster. shortly [Joxtli] adv. If something will happen shortly, it will happen very soon. -♦ My workday will end shortly. skeleton [skelatn] n. A skeleton is the bones of a body. -» There is a skeleton in the science classroom. Spoil [spoil] v. If something spoils, it turns bad or rots. -» We left the fru it out too long, and it spoiled. starve [stow] * If a person starves, they do not get enough to eat and sometimes die. -» During the war, many people starved. thrill [eril] n. A thrill is an exciting feeling. -» The boys enjoy the th rill o f surfing a big wave. wicked [wikid] adj. If something is wicked, it is very bad or evil. -> My boss is a very wicked man. Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1. scared / cursed M ary____________the creature that came into her yard a n d ___ her dog. 2. skeletons / cemetery I don’t like to walk in the are under the ground there. 3. fancy / hood My mother bought me a ___ 4. riddles / flashlight . I always think about th e . that new coat. My favorite part is the warm W | i ii|i S When my friend stayed at my house, we sat with a we sat and to ld ____________for an hour! 5. disguise / wicked _. Instead of sleeping, li|i ini si Judy wanted to find a . a ____________witch. 6. rotted / nourish . that was scary. Finally, she decided to dress like We planted a vegetable garden to h e lp______ plants____________before we could eat them. 7. spoiled / starving . our family. But many of the The poor family w as_______ 8. inhabitant / shortly Tim loves being a n ________ made many friends. 9. publication / thrill after all of their food of that to w n.. after he moved there, he I entered a contest that was in my favorite. when I won! 10. acquainted / pirates Imagine th e . Christie____________ me with her city’s library. Since then, I have read every book II they have about___________ . III! Choose the answer that best fits the question. 1. Which of the following best describes an evil person? a. Shortly b. Curse c. Fancy d. Wicked 2. Which one is a feeling? a. A thrill b. A hood c. A flashlight d. An inhabitant 3. Which one can you wear? a. A cemetery b. A disguise c. A publication d. A riddle 4. Which of the following is most related to death? a. Spoil b. Acquaint c. Starve d. Nourish 5. Which of the following is most commonly related to the ocean? a. Rot b. Scare c. Skeleton d. Pirate Exercise 3 Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. Mom says we need to hurry because the game will start very soon. 2. It’s a good idea to get to know with co-workers. 3. My little brother bothered me all day by asking me to solve his difficult questions. 4. A reporter at that newspaper won a prize. 5. I am an individual who lives in the central part of town. 6. He was crying because he was caused to feel fright. 7. I want to buy that really nice dress I saw in the store. 8. I need a light I can carry to see in the dark cabin. 9. The children were afraid that the witch would hope bad things would happen to them. 10. The part of your coat that covers your head keeps your head nice and warm. Trick-or-treat! Many different cultures have had traditions about the dead. People in places like Ireland, China, Egypt and Mexico believed that souls needed food. They thought the food nourished them on their journey from cemeteries to heaven. People had to put out good things for souls to eat. However, if the food rotted or spoiled, the soul got mad. The wicked soul might curse the family and make them starve during the winter. In other places, people begged for food on a holiday that remembers the souls of dead saints. People wore disguises with hoods that covered their faces. If they did not get food, they played a trick on the home. For this reason, the activity is known as “ trick-or treating.” Shortly after people first began trick-or-treating, parents started sending their children to beg on that day. Housewives gave the children food if they performed a song or a dance. When people moved to America from all over the world, they brought this tradition with them. Inhabitants of villages started trick-or-treating in the early 1900s. In 1939 a children’s publication acquainted the whole country with the tradition. It became very popular. Today, trick-or-treaters are not begging for food, and they are not scared of souls. They just enjoy the thrill of dressing up like creatures and getting candy. Ghosts and skeletons are favorite costumes. But some children wear fancy disguises, like pirates. They carry flashlights instead of fires. In some places, children still perform songs or riddles to get candy. But most of the time, they just say “ Trick-or-Treat!” Reading Co j _ i iwm# [MUIT A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. People from places like Iceland, Italy, Kenya and Canada believed souls needed food. 2. Many cultures believed that souls needed food to nourish them on their journey back to life. 3. Housewives gave children food if they did chores around their homes. 4. Shortly after a children’s publication wrote about trick-or-treating, it became popular. 5. Children often wear fancy disguises for trick-or-treating today. 6. Inhabitants from villages started trick-or-treating in the 1940s. GMT B Answer the questions. 1. Which of the following is the most popular disguise? a. Hood b. Skeleton c. Creature d. Pirate 2. Why did souls need food? a. Theirs rotted b. They were starving c. For their long journey to heaven d. To obtain new bodies 3. What did the souls do when they left cemeteries? a. Got new bodies b. Dug up skeletons c. Went to heaven d. Got acquainted with people 4. Why do children perform riddles when they trick-or-treat? a. To get candy b. To get flashlights c. To get costumes d. To get a thrill ord List alert la\a-.n] v. To alert someone is to tell or warn them about something. — The fire alarm alerted us that there was a problem. broadcast [bro;dkeest] n. A broadcast is a television or radio show. — \Ne watched the broadcast o f the local news on 7V. bulletin [bulatin] n. A bulletin is a news report that talks about very recent and important events. — There was a live bulletin reporting on the economy o f the city. bump [b A m p ] n. A bump is a small raised area on a surface. -* The monkey got a bump on his head because he was hit by a rock. Chop [tjap] v. To chop something means to cut it into pieces with a tool. — Mom chopped some vegetables to put into the stew. ClOSet [klazit] n. A closet is a small room used to store things. — Marie has many clothes inside o f her closet. console [kansoul] v. To console someone who is sad means to make them comforted. — When my dog ran away, my dad consoled me. d is t r ic t [distrikt] n. A district is a small part of a city, county, state, or country. -* I live in a residential district o f Seattle, Washington. drawer [dro:ar] n. A drawer is a small part in furniture that is used to store things. -+ I put my clothes into the empty drawers. endure [end/uar] V. To endure something tough means to do or go through it. -> She had to endure her husband shouting all day long. 38 execute [eksikjuit] v. To execute someone means to kill them as a legal punishment. -* Some people are executed for serious crimes. g r a s p [graesp] v. To grasp something means to hold it. — He grasped the bag o f money tightly. rear [riar] n. When something is in the rear of something, it is in the back. The man loaded the rear o f his truck with boxes. S e n a to r [senatar] n. A senator is someone who makes laws for a state. -» The young senator promised to make laws that would help the people. skull [skAl] n. A skull is the hard part of your head. Your brain is inside of it. -* The brain is protected by the skull. Stir [star] v. To stir something means to mix it using something small, like a spoon. — Mom stirred the batter until it was smooth. tap [tsep] v. To tap something is to hit it lightly. -» He tapped the keys o f the keyboard to write a short word. tremendous [trimendas] adj. When something is tremendous, it is very large. -» The Earth’s oceans are filled with a tremendous amount o f water. underneath [Andami:e] prep. When something is underneath something else, it is below or lower than it. -*• The roots o f a tree are located underneath the ground. W Orm [warm] n. A worm is a small animal with a long, thin body. -* Worms are often used to help catch fish. Choose the word that is a better fit for each blank. 1. districts / senator The____________lived in one of the poorest____________ in the country. 2. skull / tapped When h e ____ his fist on the top of h is . it made a funny sound. 3. underneath / worm If you want to find a try looking. rocks or pieces of wood. 4. consoled / broadcast She__ school. her children by watching a hum orous. with them after 5. execute / tremendous She fe lt____________sorrow after her husband was . for his crime. 6. endure / bulletin He decided to listen to the news because he could no longer . the boredom of being home alone. 7. grasp / stir The soup was very thick. He had to . to ____________it. 8. alerted / rear .the spoon with both hands in order The television new s. us of the storm. We put the car in th e . of the house where it would be protected. 9. chop / drawer She looked at all the tools in th e . ____________the meat. 10. bump / closet but could not find anything to use to Many toys had been piled beneath the carpet in th e . got from hitting my head on the door was painful. Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The mother comforted her crying child. 2. Every Sunday, the family watched a television show about animals. 3. I couldn’t find mv coat in the small room. 4. John left his paper lower than his school books. 5. The person who makes laws sat behind a large desk. 6. In order to get over the wall, the cat had to make a very large jump. 7. Harold slowed the car down as he drove over the small raised part. 8. There is very little rain in mv part of the state. 9. Because he committed such a horrible crime, he was killed by the legal system. 10. The cook cut into pieces the vegetables for his soup. Exercise 3 Choose the answer that best fits the question. 1. Which of the following best describes a news program? a. Grasp b. Bulletin c. Tap 2. Which one do you put things into? a. A drawer b. A bump c. A district 3. Which of the following describes something in the back? a. Endure b. Skull c. Rear 4. Which of the following does an alarm do for people? a. Alert them b. Console them c. Execute them d. Alert d. A worm d. Tremendous d. Tap them 5. Which of the following means to go through something difficult? a. Chop b. Broadcast c. Stir d. Endure The Senator and the Worm A rich senator lived in a big house. He had more money than anyone in his district. One day, he was sitting on a chair listening to a radio broadcast. As he listened to the news bulletin, a worm crawled from underneath the chair and onto his head. His cook was in the kitchen stirring some spaghetti sauce. Suddenly, a cry from the senator alerted him. He ran to the rear of the house where the senator was sitting. The cook looked and saw the worm. He tried to console the senator. “ I’ll take it off right away,” he said. “ No!” shouted the senator. “ I want you to kill it.” “ But it’s only a worm,” the cook said. “ Why should we execute it? It hasn’t committed a crime.” The senator could not endure the worm on his head. “ Hurry!” he shouted. The cook looked through several drawers, but found nothing. Then he ran to the closet and took out a pipe. He returned to the senator and lifted the pipe over his head. He knew he couldn’t just tap the worm. He was going to hit it hard. He grasped the pipe tightly. “ What are you waiting for?” said the senator. “ Kill it!” The cook swung the pipe at the senator’s head. “ Oh, no,” the worm said. “ He’s going to chop me in half.” It jumped off the senator’s head. There was a tremendous noise. “ Owww!” cried the senator. A bump rose upon his skull. Meanwhile, the worm crawled outside. “ That was close,” said the worm. “ Instead of being nice, he wanted to hurt me. Now, that man has a big bump on his head.” pEReading A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. The senator had a lot of money. 2. The senator was listening to a radio broadcast. 3. The senator wanted the cook to kill the worm. 4. The cook found a pipe in one of the drawers. 5. The cook knew he was going to tap the worm. 6. The worm was chopped in half on the senator’s head. B Answer the questions. 1. What was the senator doing when the worm crawled onto his head? a. Listening to the radio b. Watching a broadcast c. Looking in the closet d. Consoling the cook 2. Which of the following did the cook NOT do? a. Stir some spaghetti sauce b. Look through several drawers c. Hit the senator’s skull d. Execute the worm 3. Why did the senator tell the cook to hurry? a. He was hiding in the rear of the house. b. He knew he had to alert the cook, c. He couldn’t endure the worm on his head. d. He had heard a tremendous noise. 4. After the cook hit the senator, where did the worm go? a. Into the kitchen b. Underneath the chair c. Outside the house d. Onto the cook’s head d List abandon [abaendan] v. To abandon something is to leave it forever or for a long time. -+ The old room had been abandoned years before. ambitious fe m b ija s ] adj. If someone is ambitious, they want to be rich or successful. -» Kendra had to be ambitious to get into medical school. b a r k [ba:rk] v. When a dog barks, it makes a short, loud noise. -+ The dog barked loudly and frighteningly. bay [bei] n. A bay is an area near the ocean where the land goes inward. -* The Golden Gate Bridge crosses San Francisco Bay. brilliant [briljant] adj. If someone is brilliant, they are very smart. -* My younger sister is b rilliant for someone her age. Chin [tjin] n. Your chin is the hard part at the bottom of your face. -» Luke pointed to the hair on his chin. complaint [kampleint] n. A complaint is something you say to tell people that you don’t like something -♦ Mom said she didn ’t want to hear my brother’s complaints. deaf [def] adj. When someone is deaf, they cannot hear. -* Susan was born deaf. enthusiastic [eneu:ziaestik] adj. To be enthusiastic about something is to be excited by or interested in it. -» The man was enthusiastic about his job. expedition [ekspadfjan] n. An expedition is a long trip, usually to a place very far away. -+ They got into their spaceship to begin their expedition. horizon [haraizan] n. The horizon is where the sky looks like it meets the ground. -* The sun clipped below the horizon. loyal [loisl] adj. To be loyal to something or someone is to agree to always help them. -* The three friends are very loyal to each other. mayor [meiax] n. The mayor is the person in charge of a city. -* The mayor o f my hometown is quite a powerful speaker. mutual [mjuitfuel] adj. If something is mutual, it is felt in the same way by two or more people. — Robert likes Sarah. The feeling is mutual. overweight [ouvarweit] adj. If someone is overweight, they are very fat. -* Roger eats too much, so now he’s overweight. refuge [refju:d3] n. A refuge is a place where you go to be safe. -» When it started to rain, she found refuge in the house. restore [ristd:r] v. To restore something is to put it back the way it was. -* Victor restored the old car. rub [rAb] v. To rub something is to push on it and move your hand back and forth. -* Mom’s feet were sore, so she rubbed them. senses [sensiz] n. Your senses are how you see, taste, hear, feel and smell. -♦ It would be hard to live without your five senses. V e te r in a r ia n [vetarantarian] n. A veterinarian is a doctor that takes care of animals. -» Wanda became a veterinarian because she loves dogs. P£\QU A Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. a doctor for animals a. ambitious b. veterinarian c. mayor d. mutual 2. to leave something a. rub b. bark c. abandon d. restore 3. very smart a. loyal b. enthusiastic c. deaf d. brilliant 4. a safe place a. refuge b. horizon c. bay d. expedition 5. the bottom part of a face a. complaint b. chin c. senses d. overweight P/aMF B Choose the right definition for the given word. 1 . mutual a. fat c. smart 2. complaint a. a trip c. a safe place 3. bark a. a part of the face c. a sound made by a dog 4. enthusiastic a. unable to hear c. to agree to do the job 5. mayor a. a town leader c. to put back 6. rub a. to move your hand over c. to show displeasure 7. loyal a. to put back to the way before c. not able to hear 8. horizon a. very smart c. where the sky and earth meet 9. restore a. to change to the way it used to be c. to agree to do the job 10. senses a. having similar ideas c. how one sees, hears, and smell b. having the same relationship with each other | d. hardworking b. a statement of unhappiness d. where the land curves in b. a doctor for animals d. the bottom of the sky b. to leave behind d. wanting to do something very much b. to press back and forth d. the ability to see and touch b. the leader of a town d. a small inlet of water b. weighing too much d. to always help b. to want to be successful d. hard working b. to leave behind d. unable to hear b. to press back and forth d. a far-away journey Exercise 2 Choose the answer that best fits the question. 1. Where could you put a boat? a. On the horizon c. In the bay b. In a refuge d. In an expedition 2. What would happen if you ate too much? a. You might become overweight. b. You would be brilliant. I c. You could become a veterinarian. d. You might be loyal. 3. What helps you smell things? | a. The mayor c. Being deaf b. Your complaints d. Your senses 4. Which of the following can you feel about a holiday? a. Mutual b. Ambitious I c. Enthusiastic d. Abandon 5. What do you do to improve an old house? a. Restore it c. Rub it 6. What does it mean to be deaf? a. You can’t smell, c. You can’t hear. b. Bark at it d. Point your chin at it b. You are dead, d. You can’t feel. 7. Which of these people goes on expeditions as part of their job? a. An airplane pilot b. A school teacher c. A police officer d. An engineer 8. Which of the following words is most likely to be related to the horizon? a. Computer b. School I c. Newspaper d. Sun 9. Which of the following means to be rich and successful? a. Mayor b. Ambitious I c. Overweight d. Loyal 10. Which of the following means having the same feelings as someone else? a. Ambitious b. Enthusiastic I c. Overweight d. Mutual 47 Patsy Ann A long time ago in Alaska, a dog named Patsy Ann watched the horizon. Every day, she waited by the bay for ships returning from an expedition. Patsy Ann was a brilliant dog, and she was very unique. She was deaf. She couldn’t bark, either. But she used all of her other senses to know when a ship was near. Patsy Ann lived on the streets. Her owners did not want her because she could not hear. So they abandoned her. She found refuge in a fancy hotel. Guests rubbed her back and scratched her chin. Many people gave her food. She became quite overweight. She became very famous. Visitors to Alaska were enthusiastic about meeting her. They brought presents for her. They liked seeing her and the feeling was mutual. The mayor said Patsy Ann should be called the town’s greeter*. The people in town loved Patsy Ann, too, even though she lived on the streets. They were willing to fight to keep her. A new law made all dogs wear a collar and get shots. The mayor received many complaints. People wanted Patsy Ann to be able to stay. One ambitious sailor got people to help. Together, they paid for Patsy Ann to go to the veterinarian. She got her shots and collar. She could stay. When Patsy Ann died, everyone missed the town’s loyal greeter. So the mayor hired someone to make a statue of Patsy Ann. He restored the town’s greeter. Now, she sits at the dock forever, waiting for ships to come home. *greeter - a person whose job is to say hello to new people. Il§pli®tfp isil wm ; i Readin HU A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Patsy Ann liked to watch the bay. Patsy Ann was abandoned by an expedition to Alaska. 3. Patsy Ann was a loyal greeter in the town. 4. The dog liked people and the feeling was mutual. 5. The law said that all dogs had to have a home to stay in town. 6. Patsy Ann barked at all of the ships coming in. B Answer the questions. 1. What could Patsy Ann NOT do? a. Bark c. Go to the veterinarian b. Use any of her senses d. Find refuge 2. What was the sailor who helped Patsy Ann? a. Brilliant c. Overweight 3. Why did Patsy Ann go to the hotel? a. To get a new collar c. To have her hearing restored 4. Why was the dog abandoned? a. Because she was overweight c. Because she was deaf b. Ambitious d. Enthusiastic b. To wait for returning ships d. To get food b. Because the veterinarian didn’t like her d. Because she was mean to them anniversary [aenavarsari] n. An anniversary is a day that celebrates something from the past. -* My parents went out to eat for their wedding anniversary. arithmetic [s] n. Arithmetic is math. -* I like to study arithm etic at school. ashamed [ajeimd] adj. To be ashamed is to feel upset because you did something wrong or bad. -♦ He was ashamed when he found out that I knew about his past. burst [baxst] To burst is to suddenly break open or apart. -* The bomb burst over the city. carpenter [ka:rpantar] n. A carpenter is a person who builds things with wood. -* We hired a carpenter to make a cupboard. COal [koul] n. Coal is a hard black rock that you burn for heat. — Many power stations burn coal to produce energy. COUCh [kautj] n. A couch is a long, soft seat that many people can sit on. -♦ Kim and M artin’s new couch was very expensive. drip [drip] V. When a liquid drips, just a little bit falls at a time. - » I heard water dripping from the faucet. elegant [eligant] adj. If something is elegant, it is very fancy and pleasing. -♦ In Japan, women wear elegant kimonos on special occasions. fabric [faebrik] n. Fabric is cloth used to make clothes, furniture, etc. -* The towels were made from a soft fabric. -mtna-Mw. highlands [hailand] n. I/' {•me 3 I EI The highlands are high areas of land, usually with mountains. -*■ The man had a small home in the highlands. ivory [aivari] n. Ivory is a white, hard substance that comes from elephants. -> The elephant’s long ivory tusks looked very impressive. mill [mil] n. A mill is a building where flour is made. -* The farmer took his wheat to the m ill to make it into flour. needle [nf:di] n. A needle is a small, sharp piece of metal that you use to make or fix clothes. -*■ I used a needle to fix the hole in my pants. polish [pdlij] V. To polish something is to rub it in order to make it shiny. -+ Mark spent all morning polishing his shoes for the wedding. sew [sou] V. To sew means to put pieces of cloth together using string. - » I learned to sew when I was a little girl. S h ed [Jed] n. A shed is a small building where you store things like tools. We have a small shed in the backyard for storage. thread [ered] n. A thread is a thin piece of string. - » I have many different colors o f thread at home. trim [trim] v. To trim something is to cut it a little bit. -♦ I had my hair trimmed this afternoon. upwards [Apwardz] adv. If something goes upwards, it moves vertically higher. -* The kite went upwards further and further. Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1. anniversary / elegant Because it was th e ir___________ , my father bought my mother a gift. It was an ____________coat. 2. arithmetic / upwards It takes a lot o f_____ them g o ___________ 3. couch / ashamed You should b e __ i 4. burst/ dripped . to design new airplanes. You have to know how to make in the easiest way. of yourself! You know you’re not supposed to eat on the When the wind blew, the door. ____________into the room. 5. sew / carpenter . open. And since it was raining, water My brother is a _ know how to 6. coal / highlands _, so he knows about construction. However, he doesn’t I heard a news story about something in the ____________under the ground. 7. ivory / needle _. I guess they found Archeologist found 8. threads / mill made from in Africa. People who work at th e ________ . do many things to stay safe. For example, they do not have____________hanging from their clothing because they can get caught in the machinery. 9. fabric / polish Bruce worked hard to . with a s o ft_________ 10. shed / trim . the wood floors. Afterwards, he wiped the floor On the Saturday, bushes. my dad made me clean out the I also had to Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. How good are you at math? 2. There were some thin strings hanging from my shirt. 3. I wanted to get a little hair cut off today, but I had no time to make it to the salon. 4. The cloth was dirty from being outside. 5. Smoke from the fire rose high into the air. 6. Sometimes the dog goes inside the small building with tools when it gets cold. 7. I live in the mountainous area of the country. 8. The old place where they made flour was interesting to visit. 9. I used to put cloth together with my grandmother. 10. The silver was made to look shiny. Choose the answer that best fits the question 1. What kind of material does a carpenter work with? a. Plastic b. Iron c. Brick d. Wood 2. Which of these things could drip? a. A dog b. Water b. Water c. A ball d. Dirt 3. What could you make with a needle? a. A shirt b. A car c. A computer d. A chair 4. What does it mean if your water pipes a. They are new. c. They are frozen. 5. Which is the same color as ivory? burst? b. They’ve been cleaned, d. They’ve exploded. a. A needle b. A tooth c. Coal d. Wood The Anniversary Gift Joe was a carpenter. He built houses in the highlands. Joe’s wife Stella used a needle and thread to sew elegant clothing. She only used beautiful fabric to make clothes. Since they didn’t have a lot of money, they lived in an old shed. Water dripped in when it rained. They had broken chairs instead of a couch. But they had coal for heat, and flour from the mill for bread. Together, they trimmed the bushes to make their house look nice. Joe and Stella were poor, but not ashamed. They were happy. Sometimes in the evening, they walked downtown. They looked in store windows and dreamed. Stella wanted a hairbrush with an ivory handle. She pulled her hair upwards every day because she didn’t have a brush to make it nice. Joe wanted to fix his grandfather’s watch. For their anniversary, Stella wanted to get Joe what he wanted. But then she did the arithmetic. It would take at least six months to save enough money. Then she had an idea. She cut off all of her hair and sold it. Meanwhile, Joe knew that he could never fix his watch. So he polished it and sold it. He made enough to buy the brush. On their anniversary, the door burst open. Joe was excited to give Stella his gift. But first, Stella gave him the money to fix the watch. When he saw his wife without any hair, he smiled. “ I sold my watch to buy you something,” Joe said. He gave her the brush, and she laughed. They were both willing to give up something very special to make each other happy. P/Mf A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Stella and Joe were ashamed of themselves. 2. Joe was a carpenter. 3. Stella and Joe were too poor to heat their shed with coal. 4. Joe asked Stella to trim the bushes. 5. Stella used a needle and thread to sew elegant things with beautiful fabric. 6. Water dripped into their house. B Answer the questions. 1. Where were the houses that Joe worked on? a. Nearthemill b. In the shed c. On an elegant street d. In the highlands 2. What did Joe do with his watch? a. Hit it with his hammer c. Left it in the shed 3. What did Stella make? a. Elegant clothing c. Couches b. Lifted it upward to see it d. Polished it and sold it b. Ivory hairbrushes d. Anything for herself 4. What did Stella do for Joe on their anniversary? a. Sold her hair b. Combed her hair c. Made him a shirt d. Bought him a gold watch — -m m ail [eii] v. To ail a person or group is to cause difficulty or pain. -* My brother went to the doctor to see what was ailing him. ally [aelai] n. An ally is someone who agrees to help or support you. - » I was happy to find many allies who shared the same opinion as me. boast [boust] v. To boast is to talk about how good you are. -* We all became tired o f listening to him boast about him self all day. bounce [bauns] v. To bounce is to move something up and away from a surface after hitting it. -+ Owen bounced the ball on the ground. bully [buli] n. A bully is a person who is mean to others. -* The two bullies always picked on the smaller, weaker kids. C a rb o h y d ra te [kaxbouhaidreit] n. Carbohydrates are substances in foods like bread that give you energy. -» Carbohydrates like rice are a good source o f energy for active people. C ra w l tkro:l] v. To crawl is to move slowly on your hands and knees. -+ The baby crawled across the floor. defeat [di«:t] v. To defeat someone is to beat them in a game or battle. -* The champion defeated the challenger in the boxing match. dial [daial] n. A dial is the front of a clock. -♦ I looked at the dial to see what time it was. dominant [ddmanant] adj. When someone or something is dominant, they are strongerthan others. -» The gorilla is one o f the dom inant animals in the jungle. mercy [maxsi] n. If you show mercy, you choose not to punish or harm someone. -> He asked his boss for mercy and to not fire him. n o d [nod] v. To nod is to move your head up and down. -* I nodded my head as I listened to the song. opponent [apounant] n. An opponent is someone who fights against you. -* On the field, our opponents were too good for us. quarrel [kwo-.rai] * To quarrel is to argue or fight. — Billy quarreled with his wife about buying a new house. rival [raivsl] n. A rival is someone that is trying to keep you from getting what you want. -+ The three rivals were all competing for the same job. SOre [so:r] adj. When a part of your body is sore, it hurts. -■ After lifting the heavy box, Mona’s back was sore. Sting [stir)] v. To sting is to cause pain by pushing a sharp part into the skin. -♦ The needle stung my arm and made me say, “ Ouch!” Strain [strein] V. To strain is to try very hard. -» Casey strained to lift the heavy box. torture [to nja:/-] n. Torture is something that causes you physical or mental pain. -♦ Greg thought that writing the essay was torture. wrestle [resal] v. To wrestle is to play a game where you try to push someone to the floor. -* My dad loved to wrestle when he was in high school. PCMIft? A Choose the word for the given definition. 1. someone who helps you a. bully b. ally c. bounce d. quarrel 2. to move your head up and down a. wrestle b. strain c. nod d. defeat 3. to move on your hands and knees a. crawl b. boast c. torture d. mercy 4. to move something up and away after hitting it a. sore b. sting c. defeat d. bounce 5. to cause difficulty or pain a. rival b. ail c. whistle d. carbohydrate P^\ETi’ B Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. boast a. to go on your hands b. to be mean to people c. to move you head d. to talk about yourself 2. dominant a. to be hurt b. a friend c. stronger d. a fight 3. defeat a. to feel tired b. to try hard c. to beat d. a face 4. mercy a. someone on the other side b. to push to the ground c. to not give punishment d. to feel terrible 5. carbohydrate a. to win b. to move off of something c. to cause an injury d. food 6. quarrel a. an argument b. a face of a clock c. to move your head d. to talk about yourself 7. strain a. to try very hard b. a friend c. stronger d. to move something up and away 8. rival a. to move the head up and down b. to try hard c. food d. one who keeps another from getting somet 9. wrestle a. someone on the other side b. to push to the ground c. to be hurt d. to feel terrible 10. sore a. not giving another punishment b. to be hurt c. to cause an injury d. to move on the floor I Exercise 2 Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. lj Carol is always talking about how good she is to other people. 2. lerry is a person who enjoys being mean to classmates. ■ Foods like bread and rice give you a lot of energy for an active lifestyle. 4. We were all sad after our team was beaten in the game. 5. I was caused pain by a sharp point as I was walking through the grass barefoot. 6. Look at the numbers on the clock face to see what time it is. 7. If you can’t speak, then move your head up and down for yes and no. 8. The person who was fighting against me tried to catch me off guard. 9. I tried very hard to lift the heavy boxes from the desk. 10. Sitting through his long, boring speech was a horrible mental pain. 59 Dalton vs. the Bully Dalton was a nice boy, but sometimes the other boys made fun of him because he was so tall and skinny. Dalton’s biggest problem was Mitch. He was a bully who boasted about his strength. He quarreled with the other boys. Sometimes, if boys gave Mitch their lunch money, he would have mercy and leave them alone. One day, the boys learned about a special Middle School Olympics. Their gym class was going to be in it. Many kids were excited. But Dalton thought it sounded like torture. That morning, Dalton ate plenty of carbohydrates for breakfast. He entered the gym and looked at the dial on the clock. It was time to begin. The teacher asked if they were ready. Everyone nodded, except Dalton. “ I got stung by a bee. I need to see the nurse.” said Dalton. He made it up so he wouldn’t have to play. “ I don’t believe you. Get ready to play,” responded the coach. First, they wrestled. Then they jumped, crawled and played other games. But Mitch was dominant in every event. They strained all morning to defeat him. By lunch, they were sore. Their entire bodies ailed them. They thought about how to win. They knew the last game of the day was volleyball. Kids who used to be Dalton’s rivals became his allies. They wanted him to help them beat Mitch. Dalton was going to be Mitch’s opponent. The game started. Every time Mitch tried to hit the ball over the net, Dalton stopped it. Finally, Mitch used all of his strength. But the ball bounced off Dalton’s hands and back into Mitch’s face! Finally Mitch was defeated. I^ > y . ^ \ ^ *1-^, x ^ H‘0’ A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Mitch was a bully. 2. Everyone was nice to Dalton. 3. Dalton became ailed when a bee stung him. 4. Dalton’s biggest problem was being tall. 5. When they wrestled, Mitch was dominant. 6. The boys felt sore at lunchtime. JC B Answer the questions. 1. Which of the following was NOT part of their Olympics? a. Wrestling b. Volleyball c. Crawling d. Speed skating 2. What did boys give Mitch so he would have mercy on them? a. A dial b. Money c. A whistle d. Carbohydrates 3. Where did the Olympics happen? a. In the gym ! c. At their rival’s field 4. What did the boys want to do to Mitch? a. Be his opponent c. Defeat him b. At the bully’s school d. At Dalton’s house b. Show him mercy d. Strain against him MM ■ — —221'2 absence [sebsans] n. Absence is the state of something being away. -*■ There is an absence o f sand in the hourglass. aloud [alaud] adv. If you say something aloud, you say it so that others can hear you. -* My father often reads stories aloud to me and my sister. bald [bo:ld] adj. If someone is bald, they have no hair. -+ My oldest brother is bald. blanket [blseokit] n. A blanket is a piece of cloth that you use to keep warm or to sit upon. -* I laid a blanket on the ground so that we could have a picnic. creep Nip] v. To creep is to move quietly and slowly. -* The cat slowly crept down the tree. divorce [divoirs] n. Divorce is an event in which a marriage is ended. -* Divorce rates have increased in the past twenty years. imitate Bmiteit] v. To imitate someone is to do exactly what they do. -+ He im itated his favorite superhero by putting on a costume. infant [infant] n. An infant is a baby. -♦ The infant cried all night. kidnap [kfdnaep] v. To kidnap someone is to take them illegally. -♦ She was terrified to find out her son was kidnapped. n a p [naep] n. A nap is a short sleep, usually during the day. -* I took a short nap because I stayed up late last night. nowhere [n6u/?w£ar] adv. You use nowhere to say that a place or thing does not exist. -+ Unfortunately, water was nowhere to be found. pat [paet] v. To pat something is to hit it softly with your hand. -♦ I patted some lotion onto my face. relief [ri!f:f] n. Relief is a feeling you get when something bad or challenging ends. -♦ I felt a sense o f relief when I heard the good news. reproduce [ri:prad/u:s] v. To reproduce is to make something exactly how someone else did it. -* The children tried to reproduce their house using toy blocks. rhyme [raim] n. To rhyme is to have the same sounds at the end of a word. -* Humpty Dumpty is an old rhyme that children learn in school. suck [sAk] V. To suck is to put something in your mouth and try to get flavor out of it. -* The baby sucked m ilk from her bottle. urgent [axc^ant] adj. If something is urgent, it is important and needs to be done now. -> He had to leave now; it was urgent. vanish CvseniJ] V. To vanish is to go away suddenly. — All the passengers vanished from the train station. W a g O n [waegan] n. A wagon is a cart you use to carry heavy things. He used his wagon to carry some o f his gifts. wrinkle [rirjkai] n. A wrinkle is a line on a person’s face that happens as they get old. -» My grandfather has some wrinkles on his face. Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. not having any hair a. bald b. urgent c. absence d. nowhere 2. a good feeling when something bad goes away a. divorce b. pat c. roar d. relief 3. to put something in your mouth and get flavor from it a. wrinkle b. suck c. rhyme d. nap 4. to act like someone else a. suck b. aloud c. creep d. imitate 5. to go away suddenly a. blanket b. kidnap c. vanish d. reproduce Choose the answer that best fits the question. 1. What is it called when you don’t have something? a. A nap b. An absence c. A divorce d. A pat 2. This is another name for a baby, a. Vanish b. Suck c. Creep d. Infant 3. What could you use to carry wood? a. A wagon b. An infant c. A wrinkle d. A blanket 4. Which of the following actions is a crime? a. To rhyme b. To kidnap c. To reproduce d. To pat 5. What is the following an example of: “ The cat and bat sat in a hat ” ? a. Bald b. Urgent c. Aloud d. 6. Which of the following could be urgent? Rhyme a. A soccer game c. A trip to the park b. An emergency phone call d. A birthday party 7. What happens when a couple gets divorced? a. They vanish. b. They’re not married anymore, c. Their pets are taken away. d. They copy others. 8. How would you creep? a. Angrily b. Loudly c. Quickly d. Slowly 9. Which of the following would you pat? a. A fish b. A sock c. A dog d. A table 10. What could come from nowhere? a. An idea b. A day c. A house d. A new year Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1. aloud I nowhere I I asked my m om ____________where she was going. She told me she was going 2. infant / wrinkles I The___________ has perfect skin without any scars or. 3. absence / divorced After my parents got _ I the house. 4. urgent / reproduce My boss asked me to . 5. sucked / patted I was sad about my dad’s . around the image for her customers. She said it was very After I fell, I ___ . on my finger where I cut it. Then my mom me I on the back and told me to get up. 6. bald / rhymes The man on television entertained viewers by saying. 7. crept / vanished | Manuel’s mom thought he had I under his bed. 8. wagon / kidnap _, but in reality he had just. I I was scared when my big sister left me in th e . would. me. 9. nap I relief I was afraid someone It was such a to be finished with the long exam. I was so tired afterward that I needed to take a. 10. imitating / blanket 1 Nellie wrapped a ____ I __________ a ghost. around her and made funny sounds. She was Anna the Babysitter Since her parents got a divorce, Anna has had to help her mother. In her mother’s absence, Anna takes care of Grace, the baby. At first, Anna thought it was an easy job. One afternoon, Anna played with Grace. She meowed like a cat and Grace imitated her. In fact, Grace reproduced every sound that Anna made. She took her sister outside. She put Grace in the wagon, but there was nowhere for them to go. So they went back inside. Anna put the infant on the floor and went into her room. But when she came back, Grace had vanished! Anna looked everywhere, but she could not find her sister. Maybe the baby had been kidnapped! “ Where are you?” Anna called aloud. The situation was becoming urgent. She wanted to call her mom, but she didn’t want her to think Anna couldn’t do the job. Anna sat down. What was she going to do? But then, Anna heard something. It was coming from her room. “ Grace?” She got down on her knees and looked under the bed. She could see Grace’s bald head. Grace had followed Anna into her room and crept under the bed. “ What a relief!” Anna cried. She picked up her sister and patted her on the head. Her head was soft and had no wrinkles. Grace was sucking on her thumb and looked tired. So, Anna wrapped her in a blanket and sang rhymes for her. Then she put Grace in bed for a nap. After that afternoon, Anna knew that taking care of Grace was notan easy job. It takes a lot of work to take care of a baby! M M 1A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Anna took care of Grace in her mother’s absence because her parents got a divorce. 2. Grace had a lot of hair and wrinkles. 3. Anna imitated a cat, and Grace reproduced the sounds she made. 4. Anna had nowhere to go with the wagon. 5. When Anna came back from her room, she found that the infant had been kidnapped. 6. Anna sang rhymes for Grace to try to find her more quickly. 'O’ B Answer the questions. 1. What did Anna feel when she finally found Grace? a. Sleepy b. Urgent c. Relief d. Pleasant 2. How did Grace get under the bed? a. She crept there. b. Anna put her there for her nap. c. She was kidnapped. d. Anna carried her in the blanket. 3. Which is NOT something Anna did with Grace? a. Go outside in the wagon b. Pat heron the head c. Read a book aloud d. Sing her rhymes 4. Why did Anna wrap Grace in a blanket? a. So she would not cry b. So she could pat her I c. So she could take a nap d. To keep her from sucking her thumb abnormal taebno:rmal] adj. If something is abnormal, it is strange or not normal. -» Her idea o f art is a bit too abnormal for me. bamboo [baembu:] n. Bamboo is a hard plant with thin branches and leaves. -♦ Outside his home, there is a lot o f bamboo. blossom [blasam] n. A blossom is a flower or group of flowers. There were colorful blossoms in the yard. C O m pa S S [kAmpas] n. A compass is a device used to tell what direction one is going. — A compass is an im portant tool to have when you are traveling. dialect [daialekt] n. A dialect is a regional variety of language showing where you are from. -» People from the U.K. have a different dialect o f English from those in the I] dishonest [disanist] adj. If someone is dishonest, they do not tell the truth. -*■ She was being dishonest when she copied the answers from his test. dwarf [dwo:rf] n. A dwarf is a creature from stories that often looks like a short, hairy man. -* The dw arf had a pleasant look on his face. ecosystem [f:kouslstam] n. An ecosystem is a group of plants and animals in an area. -» The river’s ecosystem not only includes fish but other insects and plants l| fatal [feitl] adj. If something is fatal, it causes death. -♦ They passed away in a fatal car crash. impatient [impeijant] adj. If someone is impatient, they are not able to wait for things. -» Bob was so im patient that he could barely wait for the light to turn green. m z m leaf [li:fl n. A leaf is the flat green thing on trees or bushes. -* In the fall, the leaves on the trees change colors. manuscript [maenjaskript] n. A manuscript is an old book or paper written by hand. — The manuscript was written over 150 years ago. marsh [m0-4] n. A marsh is a type of wet land covered with grasses and short plants. — The marsh looked so lovely against the mountains. patience [peijans] n. Patience is the ability to wait for something without becoming upset. -» Sue’s patience was rewarded by catching her very first fish. perfume [pa:/fju:m] n. Perfume is a good-smelling liquid that girls wear. -» When she wore her perfume, everyone said she smelled great. pond [pand] n. A pond is a very small area of water. -» The ducks swam in the pond. proverb [pravarb] n. A proverb is a short saying that tells you something important. -» The proverb “egg on your face” means you’ve done something embarrassing. p u r s u it [parsu t] n. A pursuit is a chase. -* The dinosaur was in pursuit o f the caveman. recite [risait] v. To recite something means to repeat or say aloud in front of a group. -* Katie recited the Pledge o f Allegiance in class. wilderness [wildaxnis] n. A wilderness is an area where no people live. -» If you are not careful, you can get lost in the wilderness. PZ^Hn1 A Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. to speak openly a. abnormal b. compass c. recite d. pursuit 2. capable of causing death a. wilderness b. fatal c. impatient d. blossom 3. a group of living things a. ecosystem b. manuscript c. dwarf d. bamboo 4. the ability to wait without getting upset a. proverb b. marsh c. patience d. abnormal 5. a very short character in stories a. leaf b. dialect d. recite d. dwarf PZ^Efir B Choose the right definition for the given word. 1 . manuscript a. grass with thin branches c. being able to wait 2. proverb a. a short saying c. a small area of water 3. pursuit a. a chase b. not normal 4. dialect a. can cause death c. a flat green thing 5. marsh a. flowers b. wet land Exercise 2 b. an area not settled by people d. an old book b. a device used to tell direction d. to say something aloud c. a book d. speaking b. a different way of speaking d. a creature from stories c. lies d. living things Choose the answer that best fits the question. 1. What would you call some place where no one lives? a. Fatal b. Abnormal c. Wilderness 2. Where would you most likely find a fish? a. In a pond b. On a leaf c. In the wilderness 3. People use flowers to . d. Dishonest d. On some bamboo a. be a dwarf b. make perfume c. recite a song d. read a manuscript 4. What would someone sailing in the ocean use to know which way they were going? a. An ecosystem b. Patience c. A dialect d. A compass 5. Which of the following is a part of a plant? a. A blossom b. A marsh c. A proverb d. A pursuit Exercise 3 Choose the word that is a better fit for each blank. 1. ecosystem / pond I Frogs are an important part of th e ___________ , especially around a(n)__________ 2. dialect / recited [ When he___________ the poem in front the class, they could not understand him I because he spoke with a different___________ . 3. abnormal / dwarf [ They had never seen anything a s________ . as this creature. It looked and dressed like a man, but the. .was short and had a long nose. 4. impatient / manuscript I The__________ was so old that the words were hard to read. Though she tried to I read it, she soon became____________and put the old book away. 5. patience / proverbs I Many___________ try to teach lessons about human qualities such as honesty and 6. marsh / pursuit [ The___________ through the. I was too wet to stand on. 7. blossom / perfume She crushed th e ________ 8. dishonest / fatal I The label on the bottle w as. when it was actually______ 9. bamboo / leaves . was very difficult because the ground and mixed it with some water so she could make the _. It said that the powder didn’t hurt children forthem to consume. I The___________ that grow on th e . are thick and hard to chew. 10. compass / wilderness Because it is easy to lose your way in th e . I __________ with you. _, it’s a good idea to bring a Peter and the Dwarf Peter was a hunter. One day, he was in pursuit of a deer and became lost. He usually carried a compass with him when he went into the wilderness, but that day he left it at home. As he walked, the forest began to look different. He didn’t see any bamboo. Instead, there were bushes with long leaves. The ecosystem was now very abnormal. Peter knew he was in the Magic Marsh. Now he was tired and thirsty. He was afraid. Being lost in the marsh could be fatal. When people entered it, they never came out. At last, he found a pond. Flowers grew around it. The blossoms smelled like the best perfume. He felt relaxed so he drank some water and fell asleep. When he awoke, he saw an evil dwarf staring at him. “ What are you doing here?” it asked. The dwarf spoke in a strange dialect. “ I’m lost,” said Peter. “ Can you help me?” “Yes,” it said, but Peter didn’t know it was dishonest. The dwarf took an old manuscript from his pocket. It was a magic map. “ Just recite the words at the bottom,” the dwarf explained. “ It will show you how to get home.” “ Good,” Peter said. He was impatient and quickly grabbed the map. He recited the magic words, and a line appeared on the map. He walked for many days but never left the marsh. Finally, the map led him back to the pond. He walked in a circle! The dwarf was still there. “ Here’s a proverb for you to think about,” it said, “ When Reading P/MT A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true. 1. Peter left his compass at home. 2. When people entered the Magic Marsh, they always came out. 3. Peter ate some flowers and fell asleep. 4. The dwarf spoke with a strange dialect. 5. Peter knew the dwarf was dishonest. 6. The map led Peter back to the pond. .‘O' B Answer the questions. 1. Why was Peter in the wilderness? a. He was in pursuit of a deer. | c. He was looking for the Magic Marsh. 2. How did Peter know he was in the Magic a. There was a lot of bamboo. c. The ecosystem was abnormal. 3. What did the dwarf have that could help | a. A bottle of perfume c. A compass b. He was weak and hungry, d. He was lost. Marsh? b. There were no leaves, d. He smelled blossoms. Peter escape the marsh? b. A magic manuscript d. Patience 4. Why was Peter afraid of the Magic Marsh? a. He was impatient. b. Being lost there could be fatal. | c. He was tired and thirsty. d. There was an evil dwarf in it. anticipate [aentisepeit] v. To anticipate something is to think that it will happen. -> Carrie anticipated the arrival o f her baby. barrel [baeral] n. A barrel is a round thing that you can keep liquids in. -* There was an empty barrel outside the house. beam [bi:m] n. A beam is a heavy bar. — Modern skyscrapers are made with several beams. C a s u a l [kae3usl] adj. If something is casual, it is relaxed or simple. -* You can wear casual clothes to the party like jeans. caution [kd:Jan] n. Caution is care and attention in order to avoid danger. — Please use the power saw with caution. It is very dangerous. contrary [kdntreri] adj. If something is contrary to something else, it is the opposite. -* It isn’t warm outside at all. On the contrary, it is quite cold. deliberate [dilfbarit] adj. If you are deliberate, you do something on purpose. -♦ Bernie made a deliberate attempt to injure Andy. dissolve [dizalv] v. To dissolve something is to mix it into a liquid and disappear. -* I dissolved the p ill in a glass o f water. explode [iksploud] v. When something explodes, it blows up. -» My new radio exploded when I plugged it in. fasten [faesn] v. To fasten something is to close it or put it in the correct place. -» Elizabeth fastened her seat belt. germ fe a rm ] n. A germ is something that makes you sick. — Germs are on everything that you touch. kit [kit] n. A kit is a set of all the things needed to do something. - » Is there a first aid kit in your office? puff [pAf] n. A puff is a little bit of smoke or steam. -» A p u ff o f smoke came from the burnt match. rag [rasg] n. A rag is a small towel. -» Please use a rag to clean the dust o ff the table. scatter [skseta:r] v. To scatter something is to make it go in many places. - » I accidentally scattered all o f my pills. SCent [sent] n. A scent is a smell. -+ Julie enjoyed the scent o f the flowers. Steel [sti: I] n. Steel is a shiny gray metal. -* The new apartment building was made with steel. swift [swift] adj. If something is swift, it is fast. -* The sw ift horse easily jum ped over the hurdle. tOSS [tors] v. If you toss something, you throw it softly. -» He tossed a coin into the air. triumph [traiamf] n. Triumph is what you feel when you win or finish something. -» He raised the award in trium ph at the end o f his speech. PZ^Hu1 A Choose the right definition for the given word. 1. anticipate a. to win 2. kit b. to wait for c. to blow up d. to go everywhere a. something that makes you sick c. a round container 3. steel b. set of things needed to do something d. to disappear in liquid a. a large bar 4. contrary a. careful 5. toss a. to throw 6. triumph a. to win b. a small towel c. shiny metal b. not fancy c. fast b. small amount c. to be careful b. a round container d. a smell d. opposite d. to lockdown c. to lock something in place 7. scatter a. something that makes you sick c. to expect something 8. casual d. careful b. metal d. to go in many places a. a large bar 9. rag a. careful 10. beam b. the opposite b. a small towel c. relaxed or simple d. smoke c. on purpose d. to disappear in water a. to throw b. small amount c. to smell d. a heavy metal bar PCMSTF B Choose the right word for the given definition. 1. a round container a. scent 2. on purpose a. deliberate b. kit b. casual c. beam c. swift d. barrel d. contrary 3. something that makes you sick a. puff b. rag 4. to lock something in place a. anticipate b. fasten 5. to mix in a liquid and disappear a. caution b. toss c. germs c. scatter c. dissolve d. triumph d. explode d. steel Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. When the house burned, a large heaw bar fell from the ceiling. 2. Joshua smiled in great emotion and feeling after he got a good grade on his science test. 3. She walked on the ice with care so she wouldn’t fall. 4. It was scary when the car blew up, but luckily no one was hurt. 5. I used a small towel from the sink to clean up the milk I spilled. 6. The basketball player was fast and stole the ball. 7. You can wear relaxed and simple clothes to the school. 8. I really like the smell of this candle. 9. My cat made her food go in many places. 10. When we lit the fire, a little smoke came out of the chimney. The Ice Cream Cone Explosion One day, John walked to his uncle’s ice cream shop. When he reached the sidewalk, he caught the scent of ice cream cones and anticipated eating some ice cream. Sam opened the door. Uncle John had a new, steel machine. “ What is that?” “ It’s a cone maker. I built it from a kit. You take flour from the barrel and put it in this pan,” Uncle John said. “ Then add water and sugar here and stir it so the sugar dissolves. Next, you fasten down the beam.” Uncle John wanted to look casual, but he was excited. He made a few swift motions and turned it on. There was a puff of smoke, and then cones came out the other end. “ Is it hard to use? Sam asked. “ On the contrary. It’s easy to use. Want to try?” Sam washed his hands with caution. He made a deliberate attempt to keep germs out of the dough. Soon, Sam had his first cone. He smiled in triumph! Uncle John tried to turn the machine off, but it just kept making cones. Sam and Uncle John put them on the counter, then on chairs. Before long, cones scattered all over the floor. They tried everything to stop it, but it wouldn’t stop! “ What are we going to do?” he said. “ Kick it!” yelled Sam. Uncle John lifted his foot and gave the machine a kick. It made a funny noise and Ilia exploded. They were both covered with dough*. Uncle John laughed when he knew Sam was OK. He tossed Sam a rag to clean his face and smiled. “ I guess we have enough cones now!” M g* s' ^ IN B Answer the questions. 1. Why did Uncle John toss a rag to Sam? a. To clean the floor c. To clean his face 2. What did Sam anticipate? a. Going to the shop c. Working with his uncle 3. What did the machine do? a. Break the barrel c. Scatter dough b. To dissolve the sugar d. To clean the steel b. Getting an ice cream cone d. The machine exploding b. Give a bad scent d. Give a puff of smoke 4. What did Uncle John say about the machine? a. It’s easy to use. b. It was swift. I c. It was deliberate. d. It was contrary. """