250 Essential Chinese Characters Volume 2: Revised Edition

" 250 Essential Chinese Characters Volume 2: Revised Edition 🔙 Quay lại trang tải sách pdf ebook 250 Essential Chinese Characters Volume 2: Revised Edition Ebooks Nhóm Zalo 250 Essential Chinese Characters Volume 2 Revised Edition Philip Yungkin Lee Revised by Darell Tibbles TUTTLE PUBLISHING Tokyo • Rutland, Vermont • Singapore Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd., with editorial offi ces at 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon, Vermont 05759 U.S.A. and at 61 Tai Seng Avenue #02-12, Singapore 534167. Copyright © 2010 Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd Illustrator: Jon Ng All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lee, Philip Yungkin. 250 essential Chinese characters / Philip Yungkin Lee; revised by Darell Tibbles.—Rev. ed. p. cm. 1. Chinese language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. 2. Chinese characters. I. Title: Two hundred fi fty essential Chinese characters. PL1129.E5 L45 2009 495.1’82421—dc22 2009075104 Distributed by North America, Latin America & Europe Tuttle Publishing 364 Innovation Drive North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 U.S.A. Tel: 1 (802) 773-8930 Fax: 1 (802) 773-6993 info@tuttlepublishing.com www.tuttlepublishing.com Asia Pacifi c Berkeley Books Pte. Ltd. 61 Tai Seng Avenue #02-12 Singapore 534167 Tel: (65) 6280-1330 Fax: (65) 6280-6290 inquiries@periplus.com.sg www.periplus.com First edition 14 13 12 11 10 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Singapore TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. Contents Introduction v Learners’ Guide vii 1. 读本词典杂志休息念脑 1-10 Lesson 24 Review Activities 11 2. 活动运谈话帮助忙懂找求教 13-24 Lesson 25 Review Activities 25 3. 跟得之因为或者着才又于 27-37 Lesson 26 Review Activities 38 4. 身体病头手痛心睡觉足肥瘦 40-51 Lesson 27 Review Activities 52 Section 6 Review 54 5. 应该感情饿累死思理梦重 57-67 Lesson 28 Review Activities 68 6. 惯洗拿关把发灯床药舒 70-79 Lesson 29 Review Activities 80 7. 菜酒饮肉米坐位杯味够共 82-92 Lesson 30 Review Activities 93 8. 节季爱给礼物玩音乐非常 95-105 Lesson 31 Review Activities 106 9. 自己功受利较改正记预 108-117 Lesson 32 Review Activities 118 Section 7 Review 120 10. 楼办室房间堂屋事食面 123-132 Lesson 33 Review Activities 133 11. 从离远近过往向回出入进直 135-146 Lesson 34 Review Activities 147 12. 世界旅游假先然长短千万 149-159 Lesson 35 Review Activities 160 13. 飞机场汽车火站船票开乘 162-172 Lesson 36 Review Activities 173 14. 邮局安门厕带特别民单 175-184 Lesson 37 Review Activities 185 Section 8 Review 187 15. 颜色白黑黄红蓝绿粉深 189-198 Lesson 38 Review Activities 199 16. 环境空晴山水海河流丽树云 201-212 Lesson 39 Review Activities 213 17. 养鸡鱼牛轻力怕许优量 215-224 Lesson 40 Review Activities 225 18. 第等级平次极度虽除例品 227-237 Lesson 41 Review Activities 238 19. 赢输赛成高兴照相片加油 240-250 Lesson 42 Review Activities 251 Section 9 Review 253 20. 计划难容易最法如果已经始 255-266 Lesson 43 Review Activities 267 21. 告诉信言真决定像清楚唱歌 269-280 Lesson 44 Review Activities 281 22. 刚随新旧厌合适必代更 283-292 Lesson 45 Review Activities 293 23. 声低严趣表放危险普通 295-304 Lesson 46 Review Activities 305 Section 10 Review 307 Alphabetical Index 310 Radical Index 326 Answer Key to Activities 330 iv CONTENTS Introduction Beginning Chinese language learners frequently wonder as to the number of Chinese characters necessary for basic written fl uency. Effectively answering that question is neither simple nor straightforward. Simple con versations and interactions can be covered with a few hundred known characters. Advanced and specialized conversations would, on the other hand, require specialized vocabulary. This second volume of 250 Essential Chinese Characters for Everyday Use offers the essential characters pres ent in expressions of concepts, ideas, and opinions in increasingly advanced language situations. This volume will often prompt greater understanding between each section to effectively utilize new characters. Complete information is given for each character including the meaning, pronunciation, and written components. The 250 characters have been selected and arranged based on a range of criteria. First, many characters should be instantly familiar in meaning for any language learner. These characters are important in language to convey critical aspects and understandings of events, items, people, and thought. Across most language contexts, char acters selected for this volume communicate, with increasing clarity, often complicated aspects of understand ing. Second, characters have been chosen for usefulness in a variety of word and language settings. A frequent indicator of usefulness and variety was the range of two character compound vocabulary words that utilize the character. Knowing these characters can increase vocabulary acquisition as the patterns of use and meaning are built. Finally, characters have been selected that show great frequency and meaning in spoken language. Each character is presented in an independent entry that provides both the simplifi ed (jiantizi) and traditional (fantizi) form for the character. Each character’s stroke order, the recognized order for character composi tion, is given for the simplifi ed character form. Pinyin romanization is also provided. The meaning and radi cal for each character is given, along with the radical index number found in standard dictionary indexes. A variety of examples are given that demonstrate effective use of the character. These examples feature use of the two character compound vocabulary and multiple character phrases that often appear in modern written and spoken Chinese. The character entries are arranged into 23 lessons of 10 to 12 characters per lesson. A longer review appears every fourth or fi fth lesson, after each new 50 characters as appropriate. A short selection of exercises at the end of each lesson provides different opportunities to practice the vocabulary of the lesson. The Review Activities for each lesson provide 3 related components for character mastery. Generally, the fi rst section of the exercises focuses on pinyin or character recall. The second section asks for effective grammati cal utilization of the previous vocabulary. The fi nal section is a broader exercise to develop communicative profi ciency. Exercises in this section require short paragraphs or responses that depend on understanding the lesson. These offer each learner the opportunity to grow and strengthen individual profi ciency. Each Section Review is composed of 4 sections, with each section growing in linguistic complexity. The fi rst exercise is a larger vocabulary and character recognition for the combined lesson vocabulary. Next, the second exercise will challenge for grammatical understanding and accuracy. The bulk of the section review is a longer open format exercise to allow individual profi ciency growth. The topic of discussion for the section will depend on the characters from the previous lessons. Taken together, these fi rst 3 exercises in the section review can provide effective opportunity to review and practice for advanced profi ciency examination such as the College Board AP examination or an American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Pro fi ciency Interview (OPI). The fi nal exercise in each section review is a series of questions offered to prompt greater depth in the previous section. If possible, these questions can be asked and answered orally, preparing the learner for oral interview interactions and assessments. An answer key is provided for those exercises formatted for single answers. However, many exercises prompt for independent responses. For those, a sample answer is sometimes provided with the understanding that there are many additional effective possibilities. The activities and exercises provided are intended to allow each learner to grow at their level and individual pace. For a new language student the character entries will provide much to consider and many new examples of language use. Lesson exercises will often challenge and exceed the domain of one particular lesson. For a language student reviewing previously known characters, many entries will confi rm examples and construc tions well practiced. Lesson exercises will review and strengthen existing skills. For each learner the process of mastering Chinese character writing is also a development of individual learning and recall strategies. With the stroke order given for each character and many different examples of vocabu lary use, each learner is invited to utilize the most effective learning strategy for him or her. Best practices in character memory include mindfulness and repetition. When practicing character formation, be aware of each stroke, stroke order, and composition. Character recall is further strengthened by much repetition including the physical act of character writing, especially writing individual characters and words multiple times. The new edition’s contents have been revised to match the development of Chinese language instruction. The character order has been restructured to help learners connect characters based on function. This has necessitated slight variations in lesson length, with some lessons of 10 characters, and some lessons of up to 12 characters. As a result, the expressive possibilities of the vocabulary have been increased for each lesson. Additionally, the exercises have been completely revised to refl ect the growing focus on profi ciency assessment throughout the fi eld. Each lesson and section review features exercises designed to challenge and grow expressive profi - ciency. Finally, greater attention is paid to incorporating spoken language throughout the exercises. While the volume focuses on character vocabulary growth, examples throughout the exercises invite learners to engage in spoken review and development. The 250 characters contained in Volume 2, when taken together, compose a signifi cant opportunity to expand language profi ciency. Whether you are new to the subject or coming back for review, each of these characters provides a wealth of expressive opportunity. vi INTRODUCTION Learners’ Guide Chinese Characters For many learners of Chinese language, one of the most engaging and fulfi lling challenges is mastering the Chinese character writing system. From the fi rst character learned, understanding and utilizing a refi ned system with a long history is very compelling. In this book you’ll be introduced to 250 characters, with a demonstra tion of the writing system for each. Every character has a basic form recognized for reading and visual accuracy. The basic form is the result of a precise stroke order that allows for clear and accurate character formation. Through accurate stroke order, the composition of each character is achieved. Every character is the formation of several components. As important as the shape of the overall character is the relationship between these different components. These relationships are seen in the composition of the character. Finally, characters contain many repeated components, and across the 250 characters in this volume many components will repeat. These commonly used character components help create predictable patterns for composition, stroke order, and pronunciation. Most characters contain a signifi cant component: the character radical. In the Chinese character writing system, the vast majority of characters are considered to be “radical-phonetic” characters. By identifying the radical component you often reveal a key insight into the character meaning and use. Additionally, the remaining char acter component, the “phonetic,” is a clue to pronunciation. The identifi cation of character radicals is critical to utilizing a character index by radical, which is common in Chinese dictionaries. These 250 characters establish the foundation for identifying patterns in the Chinese character writing system. There are patterns in character stroke order, composition, and overall form. There are also patterns in meaning, pronunciation, and use identifi ed in part by character components. Yet there are also those characters that defy easy compartmentalization. Often these are fundamental characters and constructions for expressive language. The Basic Strokes Chinese characters are written in various strokes. Although we can identify over 30 different strokes, only 8 are basic ones and all the others are their variants. Certain arrangements of strokes form components, or the building blocks for characters. The strokes that make up a component of a character and by extension the whole character are given names. Here are the 8 basic strokes: [ 一 ] The héng or “horizontal” stroke is written from left to right. [ 丨 ] The shù or “vertical” stroke is written from top to bottom. [ 丿 ] The piě or “downward-left” stroke is written from top-right to bottom-left. [ ] The nà or “downward-right” stroke is written from top-left to bottom-right. [ 丶 ] The diǎn or “dot” stroke is written from top to bottom-right, fi nishing fi rmly. It can also be fi nished to bottom-left, depending on how the dot is written. [ ] The zhé or “turning” stroke can begin with a horizontal stroke with a downward turn, or it can be a vertical stroke with a horizontal turn to the right. [ ] The gōu or “hook” stroke is written by a quick fl ick of the pen or Chinese brush. There are fi ve types of gōu “hook” strokes. They are: [ ] the hénggōu or “horizontal hook,” [ ] the shùgōu or “vertical hook,” [ ] the wān’gōu or “bending hook,” [ ] the xiégōu or “slanting hook,” [ ] the pínggōu or “level hook.” [ ] The tí or “upward stroke to the right” is written from bottom-left to top-right. Stroke Order The long history of Chinese character writing has developed a strong aid to character memory and recognition: stroke order. Each character has a recognized stroke order that is the preferred method of character formation. Learning and repeating this stroke order for every written character is recommended as an aid for memory, recognition, and writing clarity. Stroke orders are the product of a long continuous history of the writing system. Each stroke order offers benefi ts to character production. First, the recognized stroke order is the most accurate method for character composition. With each stroke in proper order, a character is clear, readable, and accurate. Second, the recog nized stroke order is the most effi cient method for character construction. The progression of strokes between character components have developed to move effectively through each component and to the next character to be written. Third, the recognized stroke order, when practiced, is the most repeatable method to write the character. Mastering a stroke order allows, much like a singer mastering a song, the character to be produced without having to cognitively recall each component. Instead of having to learn all of the constituent compo nents, a character is learned as a process. The recognized stroke orders have developed for right-handed character writing. This is shown in the stroke progression and stroke formation. For left-handed writers the stroke orders may appear ineffi cient or counter intuitive. There is no easy remedy for this aspect of character writing; the benefi ts for consistent stroke orders are still valid for left-handed writers and should be considered. The following examples illustrate patterns in character stroke orders. These general rules can help you under stand specifi c stroke orders. viii LEARNERS’ GUIDE 1. From top to bottom: 2. From left to right: 3. The horizontal before the vertical: 4. The horizontal before the down stroke to the left: LEARNERS’ GUIDE ix 5. The down stroke to the left before that to the right: 6. The enclosing strokes fi rst, then the enclosed and fi nally the sealing stroke: 7. The middle stroke before those on both sides: 8. Inside stroke before side stroke: x LEARNERS’ GUIDE Simplifi ed Characters versus Traditional Characters Many of the 250 characters in this volume have both simplifi ed and traditional character forms. If only one character form is given for a character then the simplifi ed and traditional forms are identical. Becoming ac quainted with both forms is useful for many reasons. First, the simplifi ed form is related to the traditional form of the character. The techniques for simplifi cation are outlined below, with many of the simplifi cations being a confi rmation of the evolution of character writing through the history of Chinese characters. Second, both forms are used in current Chinese language communities. Different communities generally prefer the use of one character form or the other; however both forms can be seen and used within one community. Advanced Chinese language use necessitates at least basic familiarity with both character forms. Simplifi ed characters have existed long before the government of the People’s Republic of China sanctioned their use in 1986. For example, the characters cóng ٗ (from), wàn ྤ (ten thousand), and bǐ Դ (writing brush) existed side by side with the traditional forms 從, 萬, and 筆 in classical Chinese. The offi cial sanction only means the elevation of the simplifi ed forms. Several techniques were employed to create simplifi ed characters. One was to replace the original component of a character with a component of fewer strokes but having the same sound as the given character. For ex ample, the simplifi ed character for “recognize” is rèn ණ. The component ට is pronounced rén which is also the pronunciation for rěn 忍 in the traditional form 認 (despite different tones). Another technique was to take one section of a traditional character and use it as the simplifi ed character. Compare the traditional form for “family” qīn 親 and the simplifi ed form ൕ that uses only the left component. Other examples of such simplifi cation include ér 兒 (son), yī 醫 (doctor), and xí 習 (practice) with respective simplifi ed forms of ܹ, ᅅ, and သ. Some characters are simplifi ed on the basis of having adopted cursive forms and in the process eliminating some strokes. For example the radical yán ჾ (speech) is simplifi ed to ᐝby the adoption of its cursive form. Other radicals simplifi ed on the same basis include ோ (door) and כ) vehicle). Simplifi cation involving radicals is responsible for many simplifi ed forms being created as it is often the case that only the radical is simplifi ed; shuō ຫ, yǔ ᇕ, and wèn ࿚ are examples. Other cursive forms are adopted as the simplifi ed form such as ài Һ for 愛 and lè/yuè ૂ for 樂. Some cursive forms use an arbitrary stroke order created for the sake of writing a character quickly. These are used to replace some complicated phonetic components. One common example is yòu ᆼ written in only two strokes. It is used in the characters huān ࣌, hàn ࡲ, and duì ܔ replacing 歡, 漢, and 對 respectively. The Pinyin System of Romanization The system used in this book to write Chinese with Roman letters is the Hanyu Pinyin system which is the standard in the People’s Republic of China and is now used almost everywhere else in the world. The imitated pronunciation should be read as if it were English, bearing in mind the following main points: LEARNERS’ GUIDE xi Consonants b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, w, y as in English c like English ts in its j like English j in jeer q like English ch in cheer, with a strong puff of air r like English ur in leisure, with the tongue rolled back x like English see (whole word) z like English ds in kids ch like English ch in church, with the tongue rolled back and a strong puff of air sh like English sh in she, with the tongue rolled back zh like English j, with the tongue rolled back Vowels a like English ar in far e like English ur in fur i like English ee in fee o like English or in for u like English ue in sue ü like French u Tones A tone is a variation in pitch by which a syllable can be pronounced. In Chinese, a variation of pitch or tone changes the meaning of the word. There are four tones each marked by a diacritic. In addition there is a neu tral tone which does not carry any tone marks. Below is a tone chart which describes tones using the 5-degree notation. It divides the range of pitches from lowest (1) to highest (5). Note that the neutral tone is not shown on the chart as it is affected by the tone that precedes it. 5 High pitch 4 Mid-high 3 Middle pitch 2 Mid-low 1 Low-pitch The fi rst tone is a high-level tone represented by a level tone mark ( ¯ ). The second tone is a high-rising tone represented by a rising tone mark ( ´ ). The third tone is a low-dipping tone represented by a dish-like tone mark ( ̌ ). The fourth tone is a high-falling tone represented by a falling tone mark ( ` ). xii LEARNERS’ GUIDE In addition to the above tones, there is a neutral tone which is pronounced light and soft in comparison to other tones. A neutral tone is not marked by any tone mark. A syllable is said to take on a neutral tone when it forms part of a word or is placed in various parts of a sentence. How to Use the Alphabetical Index The words and phrases collected in the Chinese-English Glossary (approximately 1,200 items) are arranged alphabetically according to the Hanyu Pinyin system of romanization. In this system each syllable (represented by a character) is a unit. The fi rst character in a word or phrase is the head character. Each word or phrase is ordered in the fi rst instance according to the phonetic value of this character. In a succession of entries having the same head character, alphabetical order is then determined by the phonetic value of the second character. This arrangement has the advantage of enhancing meaning by grouping together words which share a common character root, even though it is done at the expense of a straight alphabetical ordering. The ordering of characters is affected by two other considerations. Firstly, in the case of characters represented by the same Roman letters, alphabetization is determined by the tone of each character (represented in Hanyu Pinyin by diacritics), in the order fi rst, second, third, fourth and neutral tone. Secondly, in the case of characters represented by the same Roman letters which also have the same tone, alphabetization follows the principle that simpler characters (those composed of fewer strokes) are listed before more complex characters (those composed of more strokes). For example, the fi rst 8 entries under J have as their head character variations of the syllable ji (pronounced like jee in English). These entries are jī — fi rst tone (2 instances); jí — second tone (2 instances); jǐ — third tone (1 instance); jì — fourth tone (3 instances). In the case of a character taking more than one tone, e.g. bu փ which can take on bú, bù or bu, the words or phrases sharing the head character are also arranged in the descending order of the tones. How to Use the Radical Index The radical index is based on the 189 radicals used by The Chinese-English Dictionary 1995, published by the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press in Beijing. When you look up a character, fi rst determine which part of the character constitutes the radical and then count the remaining number of strokes to locate the character under that radical. Where a character is made up of two components which can function as radicals, it is sometimes classifi ed under both radicals. For example, the character měi ெ “beautiful” is classifi ed under both components which are treated as radicals: yáng ᄜ “sheep” and dà ۇٴ” big” in the same way as found in the Chinese-English Dictionary 1995. LEARNERS’ GUIDE xiii Explanatory Notes for Character Pages Below is an annotated character page, showing the range of information offered: 4 5 1 CHARACTER 251 Traditional Form to read ᜃ ؇ dú 3 2 Radical:ጞ# 9 “word” 6 7 Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ܁ dú to read ᆊ ҍ ཱིන ᆻ֫၉؇è Zhè bù xiɵoshuĿ zhíde yì dú. This novel is worth reading. 2. ܁ກ dúshŗ to study 8 ෷ ؇ඇ ޚ Ⴏ܆è Tă dúshŗ hėn yònggĿng. He studies hard. 3. ܁ Ԩdúbėn textbook ᆊ ൥၉ Ю ݸმ ؇Юè Zhè shì yì bėn Hànyɻ dúbėn. This is a Chinese reader. 4. ܁ኁ dúzhė reader (of a book, newspaper, etc.) ୍ ैਛ ࣉๆ Иഏ ֬ ؇ᆇ দྗ Nɷ kànle jĦntiăn bàoshang de dúzhė láixìn ેႼƪ méiyɹu? Have you read the letters to the editor in today’s paper? 5. ለ܁ yuèdú to read ໨ দ ๴ඇܽ ᄎ؇ ᄝᇄè Wɹ lái túshŗguɵn yuèdú zázhì. I came to the libray to read magazines. 9 Helpful tips: The last stroke ends À rmly. 10 strokes 10 1 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 250EssChineseChars2_001-039.indd 1 9/23/09 9:18:07 AM xiv LEARNERS’ GUIDE KEY: 1. character number as sequenced in volume 2. character 3. traditional form of character (when appropriate) 4. pinyin romanization and tone 5. character defi nition 6. character radical 7. radical index number (based on The Chinese-English Dictionary 1995) 8. character vocabulary examples with sentences, pronunciation, and meaning 9. points to note when writing character 10. number of strokes of the character 11. character stroke order LEARNERS’ GUIDE xv CHARACTER 251 Traditional Form to read 讀读 dú Radical: 讠# 9 “word” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ܁ dú to read 这部小说值得一读。 Zhè bù xiǎoshuō zhíde yì dú. This novel is worth reading. 2. ܁ກ dúshū to study 他读书很用功。 Tā dúshū hěn yònggōng. He studies hard. 3. ܁ Ԩdúběn textbook 这是一本汉语读本。 Zhè shì yì běn Hànyǔ dúběn. This is a Chinese reader. 4. ܁ኁ dúzhě reader (of a book, newspaper, etc.) 你看了今天报上的读者来信 Nǐ kànle jīntiān bàoshang de dúzhě láixìn 没有？ méiyǒu? Have you read the letters to the editor in today’s paper? 5. ለ܁ yuèdú to read 我来图书馆阅读杂志。 Wǒ lái túshūguǎn yuèdú zázhì. I came to the libray to read magazines. Helpful tips: The last stroke ends fi rmly. 10 strokes 1 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 CHARACTER 252 本 běn [measure word]; root, base Radical: 木# 81 “tree” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. Ԩ běn [measure word] 我去图书馆借了两本书。 Wǒ qù túshūguǎn jièle liǎng běn shū. I went to the library and borrowed two books. 2. Ԩں běndì local 我是本地人。 Wǒ shì běndìrén. I was born here. 3. Ԩႜ běnháng one’s own profession 搞电脑是我的本行。 Gǎo diànnǎo shì wǒde běnháng. Computers are my line of work. 4. Ԩઠ běnlái original 他本来身体很瘦弱。 Tā běnlái shēntǐ hěn shòuruò. He used to be thin and weak. 5. Ԩଶ běnlǐng ability 他的本领很大。 Tāde běnlǐng hěn dà. He’s very capable. Helpful tips: Make sure the bottom horizontal stroke is not too low. 5 strokes 2 1 3 4 5 2 CHARACTER 253 cí 词 word Radical: 讠# 9 “word” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. َ cí words Traditional Form 詞 3. ิَ shēngcí new words 调子我记得，可是词儿我忘了。 Diàozi wǒ jìde, kěshì cír wǒ wàng le. I remember the tune all right, but I’ve forgotten the words. 2. َۆ cídiǎn dictionary 这本词典很有用。 Zhè běn cídiǎn hěn yǒuyòng. This dictionary is very useful. 这篇短文生词太多。 Zhè piān duǎnwén shēngcí tài duō. This narrative has too many new words. 4. ڇَ dāncí single word 我学的单词不够用。 Wǒ xué de dāncí búgòu yòng. I haven’t learned enough words. 5. َࣹ ՗cíhuìbiǎo glossary 书后面有词汇表。 Shū hòumiàn yǒu cíhuìbiǎo. There’s a glossary at the back of the book. Helpful tips: The second stroke is a horizontal-bend-lift. 7 strokes 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 3 CHARACTER 254 典 diǎn standard Radical: 八# 17 “eight” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ۆ diǎn ceremony 校长邀请我参加五十年 Xiàozhǎng yāoqǐng wǒ cānjiā wǔshí nián 校庆盛典。 xiàoqìng shèngdiǎn. The headmaster invited me to take part in the school’s 50th anniversary ceremony. 2. ۆ ૝diǎnlǐ ceremony 校长邀请我参加五十年 Xiàozhǎng yāoqǐng wǒ cānjiā wǔshí nián 校庆典礼。 xiàoqìng diǎnlǐ. The headmaster invited me to take part in the school’s 50th anniversary ceremony. 3. ۆ႙ diǎnxíng typical 这是典型的中国村庄。 Zhè shì diǎnxíng de Zhōngguó cūnzhuāng. This is a typical Chinese village. 4. َۆ cídiǎn dictionary 这本词典很有用。 Zhè běn cídiǎn hěn yǒuyòng. This dictionary is very useful. 5. ࠟۆ gǔdiǎn classical 我喜欢古典音乐。 Wǒ xǐhuan gǔdiǎn yīnyuè. I like classical music. Helpful tips: The bottom horizontal stroke is longer. 8 strokes 1 2 4 5 3 6 7 8 4 CHARACTER 255 Traditional Form mixed, assorted 雜杂 zá Radical: 木# 81 “tree” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ሗऋ záhuò groceries, sundries 很大的超市有各种的杂货。 Hěn dà de chāoshì yǒu gèzhǒng de záhuò. Very large supermarkets have every sort of product. 2. ሗ୺ záluàn messy, disorderly 你的房间太杂乱啊！ Nǐ de fángjiān tài záluàn ā! Your room is too messy! 3. ሗኾ zázhì magazine 大人跟小孩的杂志不一样。 Dàrén gēn xiǎohái de zázhì bù yíyàng. Adult’s and children’s magazines are not the same. 4. ްሗ fùzá complicated 现代社会的问题一定非常复杂。 Xiàndài shèhuì de wèntí yídìng fēicháng fùzá. The problems of modern societies are necessarily complicated. 6 strokes Helpful tips: The top two strokes should be the same length when combined as the horizontal stroke. 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 CHARACTER 256 Traditional Form ideal, aspiration 誌志 zhì Radical: 心# 76 “heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ኾᇼ zhìyuàn aspiration, hope 你有什么志愿？ Nǐ yǒu shénme zhìyuàn? What are your dreams? 2. ኾഘ zhìqi ambition, goal 世界年轻人有丰富的志气。 Shìjiè niánqīng rén yǒu fēngfù de zhìqi. The young people of the world have varied goals. 3. ཞኾ tóngzhì comrade 以前中国大陆人常常说： Yǐqián Zhōngguó Dàlù rén chángcháng shuō: “同志们！” “tóngzhì men!” Previously, Mainland Chinese people often said: “Comrades!” Helpful tips: The top horizontal stroke is longer than the bottom horizontal stroke. 7 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 CHARACTER 257 休 xiū to rest Radical: 亻# 19 “upright person” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. Ⴉ xiū to stop 他们两个争论不休。 Tāmen liǎng ge zhēnglùn bùxiū. The two of them cannot stop arguing. 2. Ⴉ् xiūjià to take a holiday 今年国庆节休假一周。 Jīnián Guóqìngjié xiūjià yì zhōu. This year we have a week off for National Day. 3. Ⴉᄢ xiūyǎng to recuperate 他到北戴河休养去了。 Tā dào Bědàihé xiūyǎng qù le. He has gone to Beidaihe to convalesce. 4. Ⴉတ xiūxi rest 百货公司元旦不休息。 Bǎihuò gōngsī Yuándàn bù xiūxi. Department stores are open as usual on New Year’s Day. 5. Ⴉᄽ xiūyè suspend business 今天休业一天。 Jīntiān xiūyè yì tiān. Closed today. Helpful tips: The last stroke tapers off. 6 strokes 1 4 2 3 5 6 7 CHARACTER 258 息 xīto stop Radical:自# 147 “self” or 心# 76 “heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. တ xī to stop 生命不息，战斗不止。 Shēngmìng bù xī, zhàndòu bù zhǐ. Life does not stop as struggles continue. 2. ႑တ xìnxī news 我很久没收到她的信息。 Wǒ hěn jiǔ méi shōudào tāde xìnxī. I haven’t received news from her for a long time. 3. ૧တ lìxī interest (on an investment) 这家银行给的利息很高。 Zhè jiā yínháng gěi de lìxī hěn gāo. This bank gives high interest. 4. ፕတ zuòxī to work and rest 我们应该按时作息。 Wǒmen yīnggāi ànshí zuòxī. We should work and rest according to schedule. 5. ၶတ xiēxi to put up for the night 今晚就在我这里歇息吧。 Jīnwǎn jiù zài wǒ zhèlǐ xiēxi ba. Stay here tonight. Helpful tips: The second stroke of ႐ is a level curve ending in a hook. 10 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 CHARACTER 259 念 niàn to think Radical: 心# 76 “heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ౒ niàn to think of, miss (loved ones) 我们老念着你。 Wǒmen lǎo niànzhe nǐ. We miss you very much. 2. ౒ກ niànshū to study 我弟弟在美国念书。 Wǒ dìdi zài Měiguó niànshū. My younger brother is studying in the United States. 3. ౒ཀྵ niàntóu thought, idea 你最好放弃这个念头。 Nǐ zuìhǎo fàngqì zhè ge niàntóu. You’d better give up the idea. 4. ౒ੜ࿔ niàn kèwén to read aloud a text 要养成大声念课文的习惯。 Yào yǎngchéng dàshēng niàn kèwén de xíguàn. We should get into the habit of reading the text aloud. 5. ु౒ jìniàn to commemorate 人们集会纪念这位伟大的音乐家。 Rénmen jíhuì jìniàn zhè wèi wěidà de yīnyuèjiā. They held a commemorative function for the great musician. Helpful tips: The last stroke of ৃ does not touch the middle stroke of ႐. 8 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CHARACTER 260 脑 nǎo brain Radical: 月# 103 “fl esh/moon” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. స nǎo brain Traditional Form 腦 3. సክ nǎozhī brain 我今天用脑过度。 Wǒ jīntiān yòng nǎo guòdù. I overtaxed my brain today. 2. సী nǎojīn brain 多动脑筋才能解决问题。 Duō dòng nǎojīn cái néng jiějué wèntí. By exercising one’s brain more often, one can resolve problems. 我绞尽脑汁也想不出解决方法。 Wǒ jiǎojìn nǎozhī yě xiǎngbuchū jiějué fāngfǎ. I racked my brain but I still couldn’t work it out. 4. ۉస diànnǎo computer 她刚买了一台电脑。 Tā gāng mǎile yì tái diànnǎo. She had just bought a computer. 5. ۹ޫసܹ dòufu’nǎor jellied beancurd 我喜欢吃豆腐脑儿。 Wǒ xǐhuan chī dòufu’nǎor. I’m fond of jellied beancurd. Helpful tips: The ninth stroke is a vertical bend. 10 strokes 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8 9 10 10 Lesson 24: Review Activities A. Pinyin and Character Practice Please complete the verbs in Part 1 with an appropriate object. Then supply the pinyin for those characters as appropriate. In Part 2, add a character to each blank to create a two-character noun. Then supply pinyin for the word as appropriate. Part 1 看读休念打 kàn dú xiū niàn dǎ Part 2 杂词课电老 zá cí kè diàn lǎo B. Day Description Please use each of the following nouns to create a sentence describing a day in which an activity associated with the noun occurs. Remember that a key construction to utilize in such sentences is ᆶᅃཀ. 1.（日报） 2.（杂志） 3.（词典） 4.（电脑） 5.（休息） 11 C. Short Description The diagram here shows a small library and some of its contents. Add to the diagram as you see fi t. Then, write a paragraph that describes the items in the library and the activities that would happen at each location. ກ ॐ ກ ॐ ກ ॐ ໼ခᇵޜ ກ ॐ ጞጱ ۉ స 12 CHARACTER 261 活 huó to live Radical: 氵# 32 “3 drops of water” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ऄ huó to live 我爸爸活到八十五岁。 Wǒ bàba huódào bāshíwǔ suì. My father lived to be eighty-fi ve. 2. ऄ૰ huólì energy 这个小伙子充满活力。 Zhè ge xiǎohuǒzi chōngmǎn huólì. This young man is full of energy. 3. ऄೣ huópò lively 这个孩子真活泼。 Zhè ge háizi zhēn huópò. This child is really lively. 4. ऄۯ huódòng activity 这个周末你有什么活动？ Zhè ge zhōumò nǐ yǒu shénme huódòng? What activities have you planned for this weekend? 5. ิऄ shēnghuó life 在中国生活要用汉语。 Zài Zhōngguó shēnghuó yào yòng Hànyǔ. You have to use Chinese if you live in China. Helpful tips: The fourth stroke sweeps down from right to left. 9 strokes 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 9 13 CHARACTER 262 Traditional Form to move 動动 dòng Radical: 力# 31 “strength” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ۯ dòng to move 这东西一个人拿不动。 Zhè dōngxi yí ge rén nábudòng. This thing can’t be moved by one person. 2. ۯว dòngshēn to set out on a journey 我们明天一早就动身。 Wǒmen míngtiān yì zǎo jiù dòngshēn. We’ll leave early tomorrow. 3. ۯට dòngrén moving, touching 这个电影故事很动人。 Zhè ge diànyǐng gùshi hěn dòngrén. The plot of this movie is very touching. 4. ۯད dòngtīng pleasant to listen to 她唱歌很动听。 Tā chànggē hěn dòngtīng. She sings beautifully. 5. ۯ࿿ᇴ dòngwùyuán zoo 北京动物园有大熊猫。 Běijīng Dòngwùyuán yǒu dàxióngmāo. There are pandas in Beijing Zoo. Helpful tips: The last stroke tapers off. 6 strokes 1 6 2 3 4 5 14 CHARACTER 263 Traditional Form transport 運运 yùn Radical: 辶# 38 “movement” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ሏ yùn luck 祝你好运！ Zhù nǐ hǎo yùn! Good luck! 2. ሏഘ yùnqi luck 我最近运气不太好。 Wǒ zuìjìn yùnqi bú tài hǎo. I’ve had some bad luck recently. 3. ႞ሏ xìngyùn fortunate 我觉得我很幸运。 Wǒ juéde wǒ hěn xìngyùn. I think that I’m very fortunate. 4. ሏۯ yùndòng sport 游泳是我喜爱的运动。 Yóuyǒng shì wǒ xǐ’ài de yùndòng. Swimming is my favorite sport. 5. ሏᆩ yùnyòng to utilize 她把学过的东西运用在 Tā bǎ xuéguo de dōngxi yùnyòng zài 生活里。 shēnghuó li. She applies what she learned to everyday situations. Helpful tips: End the last stroke of ሊ fi rmly. 7 strokes 1 5 2 3 4 6 7 15 CHARACTER 264 Traditional Form to talk 談谈 tán Radical: 讠# 9 “word” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ༌ tán to talk 我跟他很谈得来。 Wǒ gēn tā hěn tándelái. I get along with him very well. 2. ༌ࣆ tánhuà talk 我们进行了友好的谈话。 Wǒmen jìnxíngle yǒuhǎo de tánhuà. We had a friendly talk. 3. ༌ಒ tánpàn to negotiate 两国进行了贸易谈判。 Liǎng guó jìnxíngle màoyì tánpàn. The two countries held trade negotiations. 4. ༌ཀ tántiān chat 有空儿到我这里谈天。 Yǒukòngr dào wǒ zhèlǐ tántiān. Come for a chat when you’re free. 5. ༌ུ tántù style of conversation 从她的谈吐看得出她是有教养 Cóng tāde tántù kàndechū tā shì yǒu jiàoyǎng 的人。 de rén. From her style of speech, I can see that she’s well educated. Helpful tips: The second stroke lifts at the end. 10 strokes 1 3 4 5 2 6 7 8 9 10 16 CHARACTER 265 话 huà speech Radical: 讠# 9 “word” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ࣆ huà word, talk 话不能这么说。 Huà bùnéng zhème shuō. Traditional Form 話 4. ࣆࡻ hǎohuà word of praise 请给我说句好话。 Qǐng gěi wǒ shuō jù hǎohuà. I wouldn’t say that. 2. ࣆۇٴ dàhuà to brag, talk big 他常常说大话。 Tā chángcháng shuō dàhuà. He often brags. 3. ࣆۉ diànhuà telephone 今晚请给我回个电话。 Jīnwǎn qǐng gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà. Please give me a call tonight. Please put in a good word for me. 5. དࣆ tīnghuà obedient 这个孩子很听话。 Zhè ge háizi hěn tīnghuà. This child is very obedient. Helpful tips: The top stroke of บ sweeps from right to left. 8 strokes 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 8 17 CHARACTER 266 帮 bāng to help Radical: 巾# 52 “napkin” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ӻ bāng to help 我帮她搬了行李。 Wǒ bāng tā bānle xíngli. I helped her with her luggage. Traditional Form 幫 4. ӻ஬ bāngmáng to help 我要请她帮忙。 Wǒ yào qǐng tā bāngmáng. I’ll ask her to help. 2. ӻዺ bāngzhù to help 他帮助我学汉语。 Tā bāngzhù wǒ xué Hànyǔ. He helps me to learn Chinese. 3. ӻ๮ bāngshǒu helper 你真是个好帮手。 Nǐ zhēn shì ge hǎo bāngshǒu. You really are a good helper. 5. ӻڛ ஬bāngdàománg to make the matter worse with one’s help 请小心点儿，别给我帮倒忙了。 Qǐng xiǎoxīn diǎnr, bié gěi wǒ bāngdàománg le. Please be careful, don’t make things worse. Helpful tips: The fourth stroke sweeps down and tapers off.9 strokes 1 2 5 3 4 6 7 8 9 18 CHARACTER 267 助 zhù assistance Radical: 力# 31 “strength” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ዺ zhù to help 感谢你助我一臂之力。 Gǎnxiè nǐ zhù wǒ yí bì zhī lì. Thanks for lending me a helping hand. 2. ӻዺ bāngzhù to help 他帮助我学汉语。 Tā bāngzhù wǒ xué Hànyǔ. He helps me learn Chinese. 3. ዺ๮ zhùshǒu assistant 他是我的助手。 Tā shì wǒde zhùshǒu. He is my assistant. 4. ዺ႗ zhùxìng to add to the fun 给大家唱支歌助助兴。 Gěi dàjiā chàng zhī gē zhùzhuxìng. Sing us a song to liven things up. 5. ዺბূ zhùxuéjīn grant-in-aid 他是领助学金的学生。 Tā shì lǐng zhùxuéjīn de xuésheng. He is a grant-in-aid student. Helpful tips: The fi fth stroke lifts slightly. 7 strokes 1 7 2 3 4 5 6 19 CHARACTER 268 忙 máng busy Radical: 忄# 33 “upright heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ஬ máng busy 我最近很忙。 Wǒ zuìjìn hěn máng. I’ve been very busy lately. 2. ஬ጣ mángzhe be busy with something 他正忙着做饭呢。 Tā zhèng mángzhe zuòfàn ne. He’s busying himself preparing the meal. 3. ஬ට mángrén busy person 他是个大忙人。 Tā shì ge dà mángrén. He’s a very busy man. 4. ஬ଢ଼ mánglù be busy 她忙碌了一个上午，结果把饭菜 Tā mánglùle yí ge shàngwǔ, jiéguǒ bǎ fàncài 做好。 zuòhǎo. She was busy all morning, and eventually got the cooking done. 5. ӻ஬ bāngmáng to help 他来找人帮忙。 Tā lái zhǎo rén bāngmáng. He came for help. Helpful tips: The last stroke is a vertical bend. 6 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 CHARACTER 269 懂 dǒng to understand Radical: 忄# 33 “upright heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ۮ dǒng to understand 不要不懂装懂。 Búyào bù dǒng zhuāng dǒng. Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t. 2. ڥۮ dǒngde to understand 你懂得这句话的意思吗？ Nǐ dǒngde zhè jù huà de yìsi ma? Do you understand the meaning of this sentence? 3. ۮ๚ dǒngshì sensible, intelligent 她是一个懂事的孩子。 Tā shì yí ge dǒngshì de háizi. She is a sensible child. 4. ੂۮ kàndǒng to understand (by reading) 我看不懂中文报。 Wǒ kànbudǒng Zhōngwén bào. I can’t understand Chinese newspapers. 5. དۮ tīngdǒng to understand (by hearing) 我能听懂上海话。 Wǒ néng tīngdǒng Shànghǎihuà. I can understand Shanghai dialect. Helpful tips: Write the two dots before the vertical stroke in the upright heart ᝈ. 15 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 21 CHARACTER 270 找 zhǎo to look for Radical: 扌# 48 “hand” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ቴ zhǎo to look for 我到处在找你。 Wǒ dàochù zài zhǎo nǐ. I’ve been looking for you all over the place. 2. ቴബ zhǎoqián to give change 这是找给你的钱。 Zhè shì zhǎo gěi nǐ de qián. Here’s your change. 3. ቴ஑ݑ zhǎo máfan to look for trouble 对不起，我给你们找麻烦了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ gěi nǐmen zhǎo máfan le. I’m sorry to have caused you so much trouble. 4. ቴܔၡ zhǎo duìxiàng to look for a partner in marriage 她念大学为的是找对象。 Tā niàn dàxué wèi de shì zhǎo duìxiàng. She’s only going to university to fi nd a husband. 5. ቴփਸ zhǎobukāi to have no small change 对不起，你这张五十元票子我 Duìbuqǐ, nǐ zhè zhāng wǔshí yuán piàozi wǒ 找不开。 zhǎobukāi. Sorry, I can’t change a fi fty. Helpful tips: The two components do not join in the middle. 7 strokes 2 4 5 6 7 1 3 22 CHARACTER 271 求 qiú beg, seek Radical: 一# 2 “horizontal stroke” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ൱ qiú beg, request 我求你帮个忙，行吗？ Wǒ qiú nǐ bāng ge máng, xíng ma? May I ask you a favor? 2. ൱ঞ qiújiào come to seek advice 不懂的事要向别人求教。 Bùdǒng de shì yào xiàng biéren qiújiào. If you don’t understand, you should ask someone. 3. ൱൧ qiúqíng plead 他父母来学校为儿子求情。 Tā fùmǔ lái xuéxiào wèi érzi qiúqíng. His parents came to the school to plead for their son. 4. ൱ኮփڥ qiú zhī bù dé all one could wish for 这是个求之不得的好机会。 Zhè shì ge qiú zhī bù dé de hǎo jīhuì. This is a most welcome opportunity. 5. ᄲ൱ yāoqiú requirement 父母不要对孩子要求过高。 Fùmǔ búyào duì háizi yāoqiú guò gāo. Parents should not ask too much of their children. Helpful tips: The vertical stroke ends with a hook. 7 strokes 2 3 5 7 1 4 6 23 CHARACTER 272 教 jiāo/jiào teach Radical: 攵# 99 “tap” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ঞ jiāo teach 我教汉语已经三十年了。 Wǒ jiāo Hànyǔ yǐjīng sānshí nián le. I’ve taught Chinese for thirty years. 2. ঞກ jiāoshū teach 我哥哥在小学教书。 Wǒ gēge zài xiǎoxué jiāoshū. My older brother teaches in a primary school. 3. ঞ฾ jiàoshī teacher 当教师要有耐心。 Dāng jiàoshī yào yǒu nàixīn. You need patience to be a teacher. 4. ঞ༗ jiàotáng church 我每个星期天都去教堂。 Wǒ měi ge xīngqītiān dōu qù jiàotáng. I go to church every Sunday. 5. ঞᇣ jiàoyù education 我母亲受过高等教育。 Wo mǔqin shòuguo gāoděng jiàoyù. My mother had tertiary education. Helpful tips: Note the difference between ᩬ and ᆼ. 11 strokes 2 4 8 1 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 24 Lesson 25: Review Activities A. Pinyin and Pronunciation Practice Please transcribe the following questions into pinyin. Then, for additional practice, ask and answer the questions. 1. 她汉语说得很清楚，你们都听得懂吗？ 2. 这张画很有意思，你怎么看得懂？ 3. 介绍完了，你懂了吗？ B. Sentence Completion Please complete each of the following sentences using one of the following words. Then translate the resulting sentence into English. 应该需要喜欢别做得 1. 我的朋友踢足球。 2. 我的母亲常常告诉我危险的运动。 3. 医生说每天人都锻炼锻炼。 4. 离开家以前你查有家的钥匙。 5. 去别的国家你有护照。 25 C. Conversation Practice Please create 7 questions that you would ask during a phone conversation with a friend. A clear phone conver sation would move between different activities and timeframes clearly and with purpose; write your questions to refl ect that. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 26 CHARACTER 273 跟 gēn follow Radical: 足# 164 “foot” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ߶ gēn with 她跟父母住在一起。 Tā gēn fùmǔ zhù zài yìqǐ. She lives with her parents. 2. ߶čᅃᄣ gēn ... yíyàng the same as 弟弟长得跟我一样高。 Dìdi zhǎngde gēn wǒ yíyàng gāo. My younger brother is as tall as me. 3. ߶ฉ gēnshàng to keep pace with 你走得太快，我跟不上。 Nǐ zǒude tài kuài, wǒ gēnbúshàng. You walk too fast, I can’t keep up with you. 4. ߶ጣ gēnzhe follow 请跟着我念。 Qǐng gēnzhe wǒ niàn Please read after me. 5. ߛ߶ၸ gāogēnxié high-heeled shoes 她喜欢穿高跟鞋。 Tā xǐhuan chuān gāogēnxié. She likes to wear high-heeled shoes. Helpful tips: The last two strokes of ፁ are vertical and lift, respectively. 13 strokes 1 4 6 8 9 2 3 5 7 10 11 13 12 27 CHARACTER 274 得 dé/de/děi to obtain; [particle]; must Radical: 彳# 54 “double person” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ڥ dé obtain 他考试得了第一名。 Tā kǎoshì déle dìyī míng. He came in fi rst in the exam. 2. verb + ڥ verb + de [verbal particle] 她乒乓球打得不错。 Tā pīngpāngqiú dǎde búcuò. She plays table tennis quite well. 3. ڥᅪ déyì proud of oneself 我对自己的成绩感到得意。 Wǒ duì zìjǐ de chéngjì gǎndào déyì. I was proud of my results. 4. ڥፍ dézuì offend 我的话把他给得罪了。 Wǒde huà bǎ tā gěi dézuìle. My words offended him. 5. ڥ děi certainly will 要不快走，我们就得迟到了。 Yàobú kuài zǒu, wǒmen jiù děi chídào le. We’ll be late if we don’t hurry. Helpful tips: The second horizontal stroke is longer.11 strokes 1 2 4 5 6 7 3 8 9 10 1 1 28 CHARACTER 275 之 zhī of Radical:丶# 1 “dot” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ኮ zhī of 人民是国家之材。 Rénmín shì guójiā zhī cái. The people are a country’s raw materials. 2. ኮࢫ zhīhòu afterwards 毕业之后你不能再上高中 Bìyè zhīhòu nǐ bù néng zài shàng gāozhōng 学校的课。 xuéxiào de kè. After graduating you can’t go back to high school classes. 3. ኮമ zhīqián beforehand 节日之前你不可以打开礼物。 Jiérì zhīqián nǐ bù kěyǐ dǎkāi lǐwù. Before a holiday you can’t open presents. 4. ࿵ݴኮᅃ wǔ fēnzhī yī one-fi fth 世界人口里，五分之一是中国人。 Shìjiè rénkǒulǐ, wǔ fēnzhī yī shì Zhōngguó rén. Of the world’s population, one-fi fth is Chinese. Helpful tips: The second stroke should be even in length with both sections. 3 strokes 1 2 3 29 CHARACTER 276 因 yīn reason Radical: 囗# 51 “4-sided frame” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ᅺ yīn because of 这次他是因病请假。 Zhè cì tā shì yīn bìng qǐngjià. On this occasion he asked for sick leave. 2. ᅺُ yīncǐ so, therefore 她没有小孩子，因此养了一只猫。 Tā meíyǒu xiǎoháizi, yīncǐ yàngle yì zhī māo. She has no children, so she keeps a cat. 3. ᅺთ yīnxún be in a rut 老人经常是因循守旧。 Lǎorén jīngcháng shì yīnxún shǒujiù. Old folks often stick to old ways. 4. ᅺྺ yīnwèi because 因为喝了酒，所以不能开车。 Yīnwèi hēle jiǔ, suǒyǐ bù néng kāichē. I can’t drive because I’ve been drinking. 5. ᇱᅺ yuányīn reason 你知道是什么原因吗？ Nǐ zhīdào shì shénme yuányīn ma? Do you know the reason? Helpful tips: The fi fth stroke ends fi rmly. 6 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 CHARACTER 277 为 wéi/wèi do / on behalf of Radical:丶# 1 “dot” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ྺ wéi do, act Traditional Form 為 4. ྺକ wèile in order to, for 事在人为。 Shì zài rén wéi. Human effort is the decisive factor. 2. ྺవ wéinán make things diffi cult for 请别故意为难我。 Qǐng bié gùyì wéinán wǒ. Please don’t deliberately make things diffi cult for me. 3. ྺ೺ wéiqī last for a period (of time) 会议为期三天。 Huìyì wéiqī sān tiān. The meeting is scheduled to last for three days. 我学英语是为了以后出国。 Wǒ xué Yīngyǔ shì wèile yǐhòu chūguó. I’m studying English so that I can study abroad later. 5. ྺ๊஺ wèishénme why 你为什么不去美国看看？ Nǐ wèishénme bú qù Měiguó kànkan? Why don’t you go to the US for a visit? Helpful tips: The fi rst dot is placed on the top left, the second dot goes inside. 4 strokes 1 2 3 4 31 CHARACTER 278 或 huò or; perhaps Radical: 戈 # 85 “spear” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ई huò or 无论唱歌或跳舞，她都行。 Wúlùn chànggē huò tiàowǔ, tā dōu xíng. She is good at both singing and dancing. 2. ई๟ huòshì or 无论唱歌或是跳舞，她都行。 Wúlùn chànggē huòshì tiàowǔ, tā dōu xíng. She is good at both singing and dancing. 3. ईႹ huòxǔ perhaps, maybe 他或许没有赶上火车。 Tā huòxǔ méiyǒu gǎnshàng huōchē. Perhaps he has missed the train. 4. ईኁ huòzhě either ... or 你早上或者下午来都可以。 Nǐ zǎoshang huòzhě xiàwǔ lái dōu kěyǐ. You may come either in the morning or in the afternoon. Helpful tips: The bottom horizontal stroke goes up slightly. 8 strokes 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 32 CHARACTER 279 者 zhě -er, -ist Radical: 曰# 91 “speech” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ኁ zhě one of those who; the thing or things which 独身主义者。 Dúshēnzhǔyìzhě. One who prefers to be single. 2. ፕኁ zuòzhě author 他是这本书的作者。 Tā shì zhè běn shū de zuòzhě. He’s the author of this book. 3. ܁ኁ dúzhě reader 这本书的读者很广。 Zhě běn shū de dúzhě hěn guǎng. This book has a wide readership. 4. ऻኁ jìzhě reporter 他是当记者的。 Tā shì dāng jìzhě de. He is a reporter. 5. ಖ࠵ኁ pángguānzhě onlooker 旁观者清。 Pángguānzhě qīng. The spectator sees most clearly. Helpful tips: The top horizontal stroke is shorter. 8 strokes 2 4 1 3 5 6 7 8 33 CHARACTER 280 着 zhe/zháo/zhuó [verbal particle] Radical: 羊# 133 “sheep” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ጣ zhe [verbal suffi x] 她穿着一身新衣服。 Tā chuānzhe yì shēn xīn yīfu. She is wearing new clothes. 2. ጣथ zháojí get worried 冷静点儿，别着急。 Lěngjìng diǎnr, bié zháojí. Keep calm, don’t panic. 3. ጣଃ zháoliáng catch a chill 外面有点冷，当心着凉。 Wàimiàn yǒudiǎn lěng, dāngxīn zháoliáng. It’s chilly outside, be careful not to catch cold. Traditional Form 著 4. ጣၙ zhuóxiǎng consider (the interest of somebody or something) 他是为你着想，才劝你不要 Tā shì wèi nǐ zhuóxiǎng, cái quàn nǐ búyào 去的。 qù de. It was for your own good that he advised you not to go. 5. ጣዘ zhuózhòng stress, emphasize 这里我想着重地讲一个问题。 Zhèlǐ wǒ xiǎng zhuózhòngde jiǎng yí ge wèntí. Here I would like to go into one question in particular. Helpful tips: The second horizontal stroke is shorter. 11 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 34 CHARACTER 281 才 cái only then, just; talent Radical: 一# 2 “horizontal stroke” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ֍ cái only then (late occurrence) 下雪路滑，汽车晚了半个小时 Xiàxuě lù huá, qìchē wǎnle bàn ge xiǎoshí 才到。 cái dào. It was snowing and the road was slippery so the bus was half an hour late. 2. ߑ ֍gāngcái just now 他刚才还说要去呢。 Tā gāngcái hái shuō yào qù ne. He was saying only a moment ago that he wanted to go. 3. ֍ࣀ cáihuá literary or artistic talent 他是一位很有才华的作家。 Tā shì yí wèi hěn yǒu cáihuá de zuòjiā. He is a gifted writer. 4. ֍๎ cáishí ability and insight 我觉得你哥哥才识过人。 Wǒ juéde nǐ gége cáishí guò rén. I think your older brother is extraordinarily talented. 5. ට֍ réncái talent 她是个难得的人才。 Tā shì ge nándé de réncái. She is a person of extraordinary ability. Helpful tips: The fi nal sweeping stroke comes down from the intersection of the fi rst two strokes. 3 strokes 2 1 3 35 CHARACTER 282 又 yòu also, again Radical: 又# 24 “again” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ᆼ yòu again 她把信看了又看。 Tā bǎ xìn kànle yòu kàn. She read the letter over and over again. 2. ᆼ yòu in addition to 跳舞是一种娱乐，又是一种 Tiàowǔ shì yì zhǒng yúlè, yòu shì yì zhǒng 运动。 yùndòng. Dancing is a form of entertainment and a sport. 3. ᆼčᆼ yòu ... yòu both ... and 这种汽车又便宜又好。 Zhè zhǒng qìchē yòu piányi yòu hǎo. This type of automobile is cheap and good. 4. ᆼ yòu but 我想去，又怕没时间。 Wǒ xiǎng qù, yòu pà méi shíjiān. I’d like to go, but I’m not sure if I can fi nd the time. Helpful tips: The last stroke comes down fi rmly and then tapers off. 2 strokes 1 2 36 CHARACTER 283 Traditional Form in, at, from 於于 yú Radical: 一# 2 “horizontal stroke” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ᇀ yú in, at 关心只感觉于心。 Guānxīn zhǐ gǎnjué yú xīn. Care is only felt in the heart. 2. ᇀ yú from (lit.) 河水流于源到海。 Hé shuǐ liú yú yuán dào hǎi. A river’s water fl ows from the source to the sea. 3. ᇀৃ yújīn up to the present 于今汽车都需要石油。 Yújīn qìchē dōu xūyào shíyóu. Up to now all cars need gasoline. 4. ᇀ๟ yúshì therefore, thereupon 我的朋友希望写书，于是她 Wǒ de péngyou xīwàng xiěshū, yúshì tā 常常读现代小说。 chángcháng dú xiàndài xiǎoshuō. My friend dreams of writing a book, therefore she often reads modern novels. Helpful tips: The bottom horizontal stroke is the longest. 3 strokes 1 2 3 37 Lesson 26: Review Activities A. Character and Pronunciation Practice Please provide a conjunction in Chinese that has the same meaning as the English conjunction given. First give the characters for the conjunction and then the pinyin for each word. If Must Thus But Or With 汉字 (pinyin) B. Sentence Creation Construct a sentence with each of the topics provided. In each sentence utilize one of the following grammati cal structures. 跟因为于是或者才 1. （来朋友的家） 2. （要看新的电影） 3. （两个人去花园） 4. （不能吃饭） 5. （写很长的文章） 38 C. Connected Discourse For each of the following situations, create a statement connected by the conjunction or construction provided. Make sure that the statement created is connected logically with the original situation. 1.（得买一辆新汽车）因为所以于是 2.（要去亚洲旅游）因为或者于是 39 CHARACTER 284 身 shēn body Radical: 身# 168 “body” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ว shēn body, oneself 身在福中不知福。 Shēn zài fú zhōng bù zhī fú. When you’re happy you don’t know it. 2. ว༹ shēntǐ health 跳舞可以锻炼身体。 Tiàowǔ kěyǐ duànliàn shēntǐ. Dancing can improve your physique. 3. วฉ shēnshang (carry something) on one 你身上有零钱吗？ Nǐ shēnshang yǒu língqián ma? Have you got any change on you? 4. ว֌ shēncái body line 王菲的身材苗条。 Wáng Fēi de shēncái miáotiáo. Faye Wong has a slim fi gure. 5. วߛ shēn’gāo stature 王菲身高一点六五米。 Wáng Fēi shēn’gāo yìdiǎnliùwǔ mǐ. Faye Wong is 1.65 meters tall. Helpful tips: The third stroke ends with a hook. 7 strokes 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 40 CHARACTER 285 体 tǐbody Radical: 亻# 19 “upright person” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ༹ tǐ style of writing 你写的是什么体？ Nǐ xiě de shì shénme tǐ? Traditional Form 體 4. ༹૰ tǐlì bodily strength 运动能增强体力。 Yùndòng néng zēngqiáng tǐlì. What style of calligraphy are you writing? 2. ว༹ shēntǐ health 跳舞可以锻炼身体。 Tiàowǔ kěyǐ duànliàn shēntǐ. Dancing can improve your physique. 3. ༹࿒ tǐwēn body temperature 你的体温是三十九度，发烧了。 Nǐde tǐwēn shì sānshíjiǔ dù, fāshāo le. You have a fever, your temperature is 39 degrees. Sports can build up your strength. 5. ༹ཌྷ tǐtiē considerate 他对妻子很体贴。 Tā duì qīzi hěn tǐtiē. He’s very considerate to his wife. Helpful tips: The bottom horizontal stroke is shorter. 7 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 41 CHARACTER 286 bìng 病 sick, ill Radical: 疒# 112 “sickness” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. թ bìng sick 他有病。 Tā yǒu bìng. He is ill. 2. թ् bìngjià sick leave 医生给我三天病假。 Yīshēng gěi wǒ sān tiān bìngjià. The doctor gave me three days’ sick leave. 3. թ૦ bìnglì medical history 请填上病历。 Qǐng tiánshàng bìnglì. Please fi ll in your medical history. 4. թ൧ bìngqíng patient’s condition 孩子的病情有好转。 Háizi de bìngqíng yǒu hǎozhuǎn. The child’s condition took a turn for the better. 5. թට bìngrén patient 这家医院医生不够，病人太多。 Zhè jiā yīyuàn yīshēng búgòu, bìngrén tài duō. This hospital does not have enough doctors; there are too many patients. Helpful tips: The sixth stroke is shorter than the one above it. 10 strokes 1 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 42 CHARACTER 287 Traditional Form head 頭头 tóu Radical:丶# 1 “dot” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ཀྵ tóu head 走路要抬高头。 Zǒulù yào táigāo tóu. One should lift one’s head when walking. 2. ཀྵڪ tóuděng fi rst class 他买的是头等舱。 Tā mǎi de shì tóuděngcāng. He bought tickets for a fi rst-class cabin. 3. ཀྵ݀ tóufa hair 她把头发染成金色。 Tā bǎ tóufa rǎnchéng jīnsè. She dyed her hair blonde. 4. ཀྵస tóunǎo brains, mind 她很有头脑。 Tā hěn yǒu tóunǎo. She has plenty of brains. 5. ཀྵས tóutòng (have a) headache 我头痛得很厉害。 Wǒ tóutòngde hěn lìhai. I have a very bad headache. Helpful tips: End the last stroke fi rmly. 5 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 43 CHARACTER 288 手 shǒu hand Radical: 手# 96 “whole hand” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ๮ shǒu hand 这是手织的毛衣。 Zhè shì shǒuzhí de máoyī. This is a hand-knitted sweater. 2. ๮ኽ shǒuzhǐ toilet paper 厕所没有手纸了。 Cèsuǒ méiyǒu shǒuzhǐ le. There’s no toilet paper in the lavatory. 3. ๮ഘ shǒuqì luck at gambling 我今晚打牌的手气好得出奇。 Wǒ jīnwǎn dǎpái de shǒuqì hǎode chūqí. I’ve had a lot of luck at cards/mahjong tonight. 4. ๮ᅝ shǒuyì craftsmanship 那个裁缝的手艺很好。 Nà ge cáifeng de shǒuyì hěn hǎo. That tailor is very skillful. 5. ๮Ⴤ shǒuxù formalities 请过来这边办入境手续。 Qǐng guòlai zhèbian bàn rùjìng shǒuxù. Please come over here to go through the entry formalities. Helpful tips: The last stroke ends with a hook. 4 strokes 1 2 3 4 44 CHARACTER 289 痛 tòng sore, hurt Radical: 疒# 112 “sickness” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ས tòng pain 这里痛不痛？ Zhèlǐ tòng bu tòng? Does it hurt here? 2. ས੬ tòngkū weep bitterly 她为这件事痛哭了一场。 Tā wèi zhè jiàn shì tòngkūle yì cháng. She had a good cry about it. 3. ས੮ tòngkǔ suffering 我得离开老家，感到很痛苦。 Wǒ děi líkāi lǎojiā, gǎndào hěn tòngkǔ. It pains me to have to leave my home. 4. ས੺ tòngkuài delighted 今天遇到了一件不痛快的事。 Jīntiān yùdàole yí jiàn bú tòngkuài de shì. I had an unpleasant experience today. 5. ས႐ tòngxīn distressed 这样浪费食物令人痛心。 Zhèyàng làngfèi shíwù lìng rén tòngxīn. It is distressing to see food being wasted like this. Helpful tips: The sixth stroke is a horizontal-bend. 12 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 45 CHARACTER 290 心 xīn rest Radical: 心# 76 “heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ႐ xīn heart 他人在这儿，心不在。 Tā rén zài zhèr, xīn bú zài. He is physically present, but his thoughts are elsewhere. 2. ႐૙ xīnlǐ psychology, mentality 这是一般人的心理。 Zhè shì yìbān rén de xīnlǐ. This is how ordinary people feel about it. 3. ႐൧ xīnqíng mood 她今天的心情不好。 Tā jīntiān de xīnqíng bù hǎo. She is in a bad mood today. 4. ႐༯ xīnténg be distressed 这么浪费，叫人看了心疼。 Zhème làngfèi, jiào rén kànle xīnténg. It makes your heart ache to see such waste. 5. ၭ႐ xiǎoxīn be careful 过马路要小心。 Guò mǎlù yào xiǎoxīn. Be careful when crossing the street. Helpful tips: The second stroke ends with a hook. 4 strokes 1 3 4 2 46 CHARACTER 291 睡 shuì sleep Radical:目# 118 “eye” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ລ shuì sleep 昨晚我睡了八小时。 Zuówǎn wǒ shuìle bā xiǎoshí. I slept for eight hours last night. 2. ລਥ shuìjiào sleep 该睡觉了。 Gāi shuìjiào le. It’s time to go to sleep. 3. ࿷ລ wǔshuì afternoon nap 中国人有午睡的习惯。 Zhōngguórén yǒu wǔshuì de xíguàn. Chinese have the habit of taking an afternoon nap. 4. ລ௥ shuìmián sleep 医生说我睡眠不足。 Yīshēng shuō wǒ shuìmián bùzú. The doctor said that I don’t have enough sleep. 5. ລᅊ shuìyī pyjamas 我忘了带睡衣。 Wǒ wàngle dài shuìyī. I forgot to bring my pyjamas. Helpful tips: Each horizontal stroke is evenly spaced. 13 strokes 13 1 6 7 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 47 CHARACTER 292 Traditional Form sleep; feel 覺觉 jiào/jué Radical: 见# 93 “see” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ਥ jiào sleep 一觉醒来已经十点半了。 Yí jiào xǐng lái yǐjīng shídiǎnbàn le. When I woke up it was already 10:30. 2. ລભਥ shuì lǎnjiào sleep in 周末我喜欢睡懒觉。 Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuan shuì lǎnjiào. At the weekend, I like to sleep in. 3. ລ࿷ਥ shuì wǔjiào afternoon nap 中国人有睡午觉的习惯。 Zhōngguórén yǒu shuì wǔjiào de xíguàn. Chinese have the habit of taking an afternoon nap. 4. ਥڥ juéde feel 我觉得我的中文进步了。 Wǒ juéde wǒde Zhōngwén jìnbù le. I feel that my Chinese has improved. 5. ߌਥ gǎnjué perception 这只是我个人的感觉。 Zhè zhǐ shì wǒ gèrén de gǎnjué. This is only my personal feeling. Helpful tips: The last stroke is a vertical-bend-hook. 9 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 48 CHARACTER 293 足 zú foot; complete Radical: 足# 164 “foot” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ፁ൰ zúqiú soccer, football 巴西人都喜欢踢足球。 Bāxī rén dōu xǐhuan tī zúqiú. Brazilians all enjoy playing soccer. 2. ፁࠕ zúgòu suffi cient, enough 三个人喝六杯咖啡，足够了！ Sān ge rén hē liù bēi kāfēi, zúgōu le! Three people having six cups of coffee, that’s enough! 3. ፁᅜ zúyǐ suffi cient 这个办法足以解释我们的问题。 Zhè ge bànfǎ zúyǐ jiěshì wǒmen de wèntí. This method is suffi cient to resolve our problem. 4. ஢ፁ mǎnzú satisfi ed 吃饱了，喝足了，我觉得很满足。 Chī bǎole, hē zú le, wǒ juéde hěn mǎnzú. I have eaten enough, drunk enough, and feel satisfi ed. Helpful tips: The last two strokes do not cross. 7 strokes 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 49 CHARACTER 294 肥 féi fat/loose-fi tting Radical: 月# 103 “fl esh/moon” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ݨ féi loose-fi tting 这条裤子太肥了。 Zhè tiáo kùzi tài féi le. These trousers are too baggy. 2. ۇٴݨ féidà loose, large 现在流行肥大的衣服。 Xiànzài liúxíng féidà de yīfu. Loose clothing is fashionable at the moment. 3. ݨಘ féipàng fat, obese 如今中国的小孩偏向肥胖。 Rújīn Zhōngguó de xiǎohái piānxiàng féipàng. Nowadays Chinese children tend to be overweight. 4. ݨ ๵féishòu the girth of a garment 你看这件外衣的肥瘦怎么样？ Nǐ kàn zhè jiàn wàiyī de féishòu zěnmeyàng? Do you think this coat is a good fi t? 5. ݨ ࿦féiwò fertile, rich 这里土地肥沃。 Zhèlǐ tǔdì féiwò. The land here is fertile. Helpful tips: The last stroke ends with a hook. 8 strokes 1 5 2 3 4 6 7 8 50 CHARACTER 295 瘦 shòu thin Radical: 疒# 112 “sickness” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ๵ shòu thin 我的哥哥很瘦。 Wǒ de gēgē hěn shòu. My elder brother is very skinny. 2. ๵ෑ shòuruò weak, emaciated 生病以后你的身体很瘦弱。 Shēng bìng yǐhòu nǐ de shēntǐ hěn shòuruò. After having an illness your physical body is weak. 3. ๵ၭ shòuxiǎo small, short 赛马骑士需要比较瘦小。 Sàimǎ qíshi xūyào bǐjiào shòuxiǎo. Jockeys need to be comparatively short and small. 4. ๵඾ shòuròu lean meat 人都要吃瘦牛肉。 Rén dōu yào chī shòu niǔròu. People all want to eat lean beef. Helpful tips: The radical should surround the other character components evenly. 14 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 12 51 Lesson 27: Review Activities A. Vocabulary and Pronunciation Using characters, label the illustration with each body part. Then write the pinyin for each of the terms. 胸 xiōng B. Answering Questions Please answer each of the following questions in complete sentences with effective demonstration of context. For additional practice, say and then respond to these questions aloud. 1. 有时候你的身体很瘦，为什么？ 2. 为什么也有时候你的身体很肥？ 3. 去年你生病，为什么？ 4. 你说昨天你不能睡好觉，为什么？ 5. 为什么现在你觉得不舒服？ 52 C. Short Description Please respond to the following situation with advice consistent with the description. A strong response will demonstrate an understanding of cause and effect, along with effective describing. 你的朋友头疼，她头疼很厉害。你要告诉她什么？ 53 Section 6 Review (Lessons 24–27) A. Vocabulary Review and Identifi cation Using characters, for each of the following items of clothing write the item’s name and then identify the body part that it covers. 身体∶ 衣服∶ 身体∶ 衣服∶ B. Sentence Creation Please create a sentence that responds to the general question given below for each feature provided. First demonstrate understanding of the basic feature by sketching a small illustration of it in the lefthand box. 现代化的课堂需要什么东西？为什么一个好的课堂要有这些东西？（老师） 54 （课本）（黑板）（电脑）（学生） C. Lifestyle Description Consider the following topic. Then create a description that demonstrates an understanding of the various components of one’s lifestyle. Your description should express both the physical aspects of one’s life and the connections to the more intellectual or emotional aspects. Attempt to show strong use of specifi c conjunctions and other constructions that allow for effective connected discourse. 想一想你自己的生活，你天天喜欢做什么？你天天应该做什么？有时生活或身体可能出了问题，在那个时候你需要做什么？ 55 D. Refl ective Questions Use these questions to both check the expressiveness of the previous section and to confi rm your understanding of the previous topic. For additional practice, say and then respond to these questions aloud. 你的生活有很多部分，很多活动。你喜欢哪些活动？哪些活动你不喜欢？你天天做喜欢的活动吗？每天你先做什么？然后又做什么？你得天天做什么？你在几点钟做各种的活动？星期六和星期天的活动是不是一样？周末你喜欢做什么？介绍只能在星期六做的活动，你先做什么？然后又做什么？为什么你不能天天做这种的活动？你喜欢跟谁做这个活动？你得天天跟谁做不喜欢的活动？ 56 CHARACTER 296 Traditional Form ought to/answer 應应 yīng/yìng Radical: 广# 36 “broad” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ᆌ yīng ought to 发现错误应马上纠正。 Fāxiàn cuòwù yīng mǎshàng jiūzhèng. When a mistake is discovered, it should be corrected at once. 2. ᆌ޿ yīnggāi ought to 不用谢，这是我们应该做的。 Búyòng xiè, zhè shì wǒmen yīnggāi zuò de. Don’t mention it, it’s the least we could do. 3. ᆌؐ yìngchóu social engagement 今天晚上有个应酬。 Jīntiān wǎnshang yǒu ge yìngchóu. I’ve been invited to a social event this evening. 4. ᆌړ yīngdāng ought to 我们是朋友，应当互相帮助。 Wǒmen shì péngyou, yīngdāng hùxiāng bāngzhù. We are friends, we ought to help each other. 5. ᆌ޲ yìngfu deal with, cope with 定单过多，难于应付。 Dìngdān guòduō, nán yú yìngfu. We cannot cope with such a fl ood of orders. Helpful tips: The third stroke tapers down to the left. 7 strokes 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 57 CHARACTER 297 Traditional Form āi 該该 gought to Radical: 讠# 9 “word” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ޿ gāi ought to 我该走了。 Wǒ gāi zǒu le. I must be off now. 2. ޿ຶ gāisǐ exclamation (showing anger) 该死！我又忘了带钥匙了。 Gāisǐ, wǒ yòu wàngle dài yàoshi le. Oh no! I’ve forgotten my key again. 3. ऄ޿ huógāi exclamation (it serves someone right) 活该，谁叫你不听我的话。 Huógāi, shéi jiào nǐ bùtīng wǒde huà. It serves you right for not listening to me. 4. ړ޿ gāidāng deserve 你晚来了一个小时，该当何罪？ Nǐ wǎnláile yí ge xiǎoshí, gāidāng hé zuì? You are an hour late. What punishment do you think you deserve? 5. ᆌ޿ yīnggāi ought to 不用谢，这是我们应该做的。 Búyòng xiè, zhè shì wǒmen yīnggāi zuò de. Don’t mention it, it’s the least we could do. Helpful tips: The last stroke ends fi rmly. 8 strokes 1 3 5 6 2 4 7 8 58 CHARACTER 298 感 gǎn feel Radical: 心# 76 “heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ߌ gǎn feel, sense 他感到自己错了。 Tā gǎndào zìjǐ cuòle. He sensed that he was wrong. 2. ߌਥ gǎnjué feel, perceive 你感觉怎么样？ Nǐ gǎnjué zěnmeyàng? How do you feel now? 3. ߌஶ gǎnmào common cold, fl u 医生说我得了感冒。 Yīshēng shuō wǒ déle gǎnmào. The doctor said that I’ve got the fl u. 4. ߌ൧ gǎnqíng feeling, emotion 这两年来，我对她产生了感情。 Zhè liǎng nián lái, wǒ duì tā chǎnshēngle gǎnqíng. I’ve grown very close to her these past two years. 5. ߌႇ gǎnxiè thank 非常感谢你的帮助。 Fēicháng gǎnxiè nǐde bāngzhù. Thanks very much for your help. Helpful tips: The seventh stroke ends with a hook. 13 strokes 2 7 8 9 1 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 59 CHARACTER 299 情 qíng emotion Radical: 忄# 33 “upright heart” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ൧ qíng emotion, affection 她情不自禁地笑起来。 Tā qíng bú zì jìn de xiàoqǐlai. She can’t help laughing. 2. ൧ব qíngjié plot 这个剧本情节很复杂。 Zhè ge jùběn qíngjié hěn fùzá. The play has a very complicated plot. 3. ൧઄ qíngkuàng situation 现在情况不同了。 Xiànzài qíngkuàng bùtóng le. Now things are different. Helpful tips: Each horizontal stroke is evenly spaced. 4. ൧඀ qíngqù temperament and interest 他们两人情趣相投。 Tāmen liǎng rén qíngqù xiāngtóu. The two of them are compatible. 5. ൧ට qíngrén lover 情人眼里出西施。 Qíngrén yǎnlǐ chū Xīshī. The beloved is always beautiful. (Literally, Xishi, a famous beauty). 11 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 60 CHARACTER 300 饿 è hungry, famished Radical: 饣# 59 “food” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ܶ è hungry 锻炼以后我常常很饿。 Duànliàn yǐhòu wǒ chángcháng hěn è. Traditional Form 餓 2. ܶຶକ è sǐ le extremely hungry 你吃了吗？我饿死了！ Nǐ chī le ma? Wǒ è sǐ le! After exercising I am often hungry. Have you eaten? I’m so very hungry! Helpful tips: The left component of the character should be one-third of the total character size. 10 strokes 1 4 8 10 2 3 5 6 7 9 61 CHARACTER 301 累 léi/lěi/lèi tired Radical: 田# 119 “fi eld” or 糸# 152 “raw silk” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ે lèi tired 我累了，想去睡觉。 Wǒ lèi le, xiǎng qù shuìjiào. I’m tired and I want to sleep. 2. ે጖ léizhui burden, nuisance 行李带得太多了，是个累赘。 Xíngli dàide tài duō le, shì ge léizhui. Too much luggage is a nuisance. 3. ओે jīlěi accumulate 他在工作上积累了很多经验。 Tā zài gōngzuò shàng jīlěile hěnduō jīngyàn. He has built up a lot of experience in his work. 4. නओሆે rìjī-yuèlěi accumulate (literally, over days and months) 日积月累地练习就能学好。 Rìjī-yuèlěide liànxí jiù néng xuéhǎo. Practice makes perfect. 5. ૶ે liánlěi get someone into trouble 这件事连累了你，真不好意思。 Zhè jiàn shì liánlěile nǐ, zhēn bù hǎo yìsi. I’m sorry to have involved you in this matter. Helpful tips: The last stroke of ᤙ is a dot. 11 strokes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 62 CHARACTER 302 死 sǐdie; extremely Radical: 歹# 83 “evil” Compounds, sentences, and meanings 1. ຶ sǐ die 这次车祸死了三个人。 Zhè cì chēhuò sǐle sān ge rén. The accident took three lives. 2. ຶӱ sǐbǎn rigid, stiff 她的表情死板。 Tāde biǎoqíng sǐbǎn. She’s got an expressionless face. 3. ຶ႐ sǐxīn drop the idea forever 你还是死了这条心吧。 Nǐ háishì sǐle zhè tiáo xīn ba. 4. ຶऻ sǐjì memorize mechanically 学习要思考，不能死记硬背。 Xuéxí yào sīkǎo, bùnéng sǐjì-yìngbèi. You have to think about what you’re learning, not just memorize it. 5. čຶକ ... sǐle extremely 走了三个钟头，把我累死了。 Zǒule sān ge zhōngtóu, bǎ wǒ lèisǐle. After walking for three hours, I’m completely exhausted. You’d better give up the idea altogether. Helpful tips: The horizontal stroke extends to accommodate the second component. 6 strokes 1 2 5 3 4 6 63 """